Identification of eQTLs using different sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with carcass and body composition traits in pigs.

BACKGROUND: Mapping expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) in skeletal muscle tissue in pigs is crucial for understanding the relationship between genetic variation and phenotypic expression of carcass traits in meat animals. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), including scenarios removing SNPs pruned for linkage disequilibrium (LD) and SNPs derived from SNP chip arrays and RNA-seq data from liver, brain, and skeletal muscle tissues, on the identification of eQTLs in the Longissimus lumborum tissue, associated with carcass and body composition traits in Large White pigs. The SNPs identified from muscle mRNA were combined with SNPs identified in the brain and liver tissue transcriptomes, as well as SNPs from the GGP Porcine 50 K SNP chip array. Cis- and trans-eQTLs were identified based on the skeletal muscle gene expression level, followed by functional genomic analyses and statistical associations with carcass and body composition traits in Large White pigs. RESULTS: The number of cis- and trans-eQTLs identified across different sets of SNPs (scenarios) ranged from 261 to 2,539 and from 29 to 13,721, respectively. Furthermore, 6,180 genes were modulated by eQTLs in at least one of the scenarios evaluated. The eQTLs identified were not significantly associated with carcass and body composition traits but were significantly enriched for many traits in the "Meat and Carcass" type QTL. The scenarios with the highest number of cis- (n = 304) and trans- (n = 5,993) modulated genes were the unpruned and LD-pruned SNP set scenarios identified from the muscle transcriptome. These genes include 84 transcription factor coding genes. CONCLUSIONS: After LD pruning, the set of SNPs identified based on the transcriptome of the skeletal muscle tissue of pigs resulted in the highest number of genes modulated by eQTLs. Most eQTLs are of the trans type and are associated with genes influencing complex traits in pigs, such as transcription factors and enhancers. Furthermore, the incorporation of SNPs from other genomic regions to the set of SNPs identified in the porcine skeletal muscle transcriptome contributed to the identification of eQTLs that had not been identified based on the porcine skeletal muscle transcriptome alone.

Production and meat quality traits of genetically lean immunocastrated pigs naturally divergent for loin tenderness.

Warner-Bratzler Shear Force (WBSF) is a quantitative measurement of meat toughness that has great impact on the consumer acceptability of meat. This study was conducted to evaluate growth performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics, and fatty acids profile of longissimus lumborum (LL) intramuscular fat (IMF) of pigs that are genetically divergent for WBSF. Based on WBSF values of the LL from a previous study, 12 immunocastrated male pigs selected from 96 pigs were divided into two groups with high WBSF (53.28 to 42.50 N) and low WBSF (37.27 to 27.79 N). Although high-WBSF pigs tended to have improved (P = 0.08) gain-to-feed ratio, overall performance was similar between WBSF groups. High-WBSF pigs also tended to have higher (P = 0.09) cooling loss and lean percentage as well as decreased (P = 0.08) 10th-rib backfat depth than low-WBSF pigs. Loins from high-WBSF pigs tended to have lower (P = 0.07) IMF content and higher (P = 0.09) cooking loss than low-WBSF pigs. Compared to low-WBSF pigs, IMF of the LL from high-WBSF pigs had lower (P = 0.05) percentage of oleic acid and tended to have a decreased (P = 0.07) percentage of total monounsaturated fatty acids. Loins from pigs with high WBSF tended to have increased (P = 0.09) total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content and had higher (P = 0.03) PUFA: saturated fatty acid ratio than low-WBSF pigs. Selecting pigs for pork tenderness could potentially conflict with lean growth efficiency and a healthier fatty acids profile for human consumption.

Transcriptome profile of skeletal muscle using different sources of dietary fatty acids in male pigs.

Pork is of great importance in world trade and represents the largest source of fatty acids in the human diet. Lipid sources such as soybean oil (SOY), canola (CO), and fish oil (FO) are used in pig diets and influence blood parameters and the ratio of deposited fatty acids. In this study, the main objective was to evaluate changes in gene expression in porcine skeletal muscle tissue resulting from the dietary oil sources and to identify metabolic pathways and biological process networks through RNA-Seq. The addition of FO in the diet of pigs led to intramuscular lipid with a higher FA profile composition of C20:5 n-3, C22:6 n-3, and SFA (C16:0 and C18:0). Blood parameters for the FO group showed lower cholesterol and HDL content compared with CO and SOY groups. Skeletal muscle transcriptome analyses revealed 65 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR 10%) between CO vs SOY, and 32 DEG for CO vs FO, and 531 DEG for SOY vs FO comparison. Several genes, including AZGP1, PDE3B, APOE, PLIN1, and LIPS, were found to be down-regulated in the diet of the SOY group compared to the FO group. The enrichment analysis revealed DEG involved in lipid metabolism, metabolic diseases, and inflammation between the oil groups, with specific gene functions in each group and altered blood parameters. The results provide mechanisms to help us understand the behavior of genes according to fatty acids.

Brain fatty acid and transcriptome profiles of pig fed diets with different levels of soybean oil.

BACKGROUND: The high similarity in anatomical and neurophysiological processes between pigs and humans make pigs an excellent model for metabolic diseases and neurological disorders. Lipids are essential for brain structure and function, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have anti-inflammatory and positive effects against cognitive dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Nutrigenomics studies involving pigs and fatty acids (FA) may help us in better understanding important biological processes. In this study, the main goal was to evaluate the effect of different levels of dietary soybean oil on the lipid profile and transcriptome in pigs' brain tissue. RESULTS: Thirty-six male Large White pigs were used in a 98-day study using two experimental diets corn-soybean meal diet containing 1.5% soybean oil (SOY1.5) and corn-soybean meal diet containing 3.0% soybean oil (SOY3.0). No differences were found for the brain total lipid content and FA profile between the different levels of soybean oil. For differential expression analysis, using the DESeq2 statistical package, a total of 34 differentially expressed genes (DEG, FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05) were identified. Of these 34 DEG, 25 are known-genes, of which 11 were up-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from + 0.25 to + 2.93) and 14 were down-regulated (log2 fold change ranging from - 3.43 to -0.36) for the SOY1.5 group compared to SOY3.0. For the functional enrichment analysis performed using MetaCore with the 34 DEG, four pathway maps were identified (p-value < 0.05), related to the ALOX15B (log2 fold change - 1.489), CALB1 (log2 fold change - 3.431) and CAST (log2 fold change + 0.421) genes. A "calcium transport" network (p-value = 2.303e-2), related to the CAST and CALB1 genes, was also identified. CONCLUSION: The results found in this study contribute to understanding the pathways and networks associated with processes involved in intracellular calcium, lipid metabolism, and oxidative processes in the brain tissue. Moreover, these results may help a better comprehension of the modulating effects of soybean oil and its FA composition on processes and diseases affecting the brain tissue.

RNA-seq transcriptome profiling of pigs' liver in response to diet with different sources of fatty acids.

Pigs (Sus scrofa) are an animal model for metabolic diseases in humans. Pork is an important source of fatty acids (FAs) in the human diet, as it is one of the most consumed meats worldwide. The effects of dietary inclusion of oils such as canola, fish, and soybean oils on pig gene expression are mostly unknown. Our objective was to evaluate FA composition, identify changes in gene expression in the liver of male pigs fed diets enriched with different FA profiles, and identify impacted metabolic pathways and gene networks to enlighten the biological mechanisms' variation. Large White male pigs were randomly allocated to one of three diets with 18 pigs in each; all diets comprised a base of corn and soybean meal to which either 3% of soybean oil (SOY), 3% canola oil (CO), or 3% fish oil (FO) was added for a 98-day trial during the growing and finishing phases. RNA sequencing was performed on the liver samples of each animal by Illumina technology for differential gene expression analyses, using the R package DESeq2. The diets modified the FA profile, mainly in relation to polyunsaturated and saturated FAs. Comparing SOY vs. FO, 143 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified as being associated with metabolism, metabolic and neurodegenerative disease pathways, inflammatory processes, and immune response networks. Comparing CO vs. SOY, 148 DEGs were identified, with pathways related to FA oxidation, regulation of lipid metabolism, and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Our results help explain the behavior of genes with differential expression in metabolic pathways resulting from feeding different types of oils in pig diets.

Inclusion of Soybean Hulls (Glycine max) and Pupunha Peach Palm (Bactris gasipaes) Nanofibers in the Diet of Growing Rabbits: Effects on Zootechnical Performance and Intestinal Health.

This study evaluated the inclusion of nanofibers from soybean hulls and pupunha peach palm heart sheaths in the diet of growing rabbits. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits (male and female) were allocated in three experimental groups: control, fed a basal diet; Nanosoy, fed a diet containing 7% soybean-hull nanofibers; and Nanopupunha, fed a diet containing 7% pupunha palm heart-sheath nanofibers. The Nanosoy-group rabbits showed poorer final weight, daily feed intake, and daily weight gain than those in other groups. In the duodenum, villus height, total mucosal thickness, and villus width were higher in rabbits that received nanofiber-supplemented diets than in the controls. Higher villus density and wall thickness were observed in Nanopupunha-fed rabbits than in the controls. In the jejunum, although the crypt depth was higher in Nanosoy-fed rabbits, the villus height:crypt depth ratio was higher in the Nanopupunha-fed group. Nanosoy-fed animals exhibited increased count Enterobacteriaceae populations. Rabbits in both nanofiber-fed groups exhibited higher lactic-acid bacterial counts than those in the control-diet group. Therefore, although the inclusion of 7% Nanopupunha in the diet of rabbits did not alter the performance, it improved intestinal health and increased the lactic-acid bacterial count in the cecum of growing rabbits.

O cuidado das enfermeiras no parto e no nascimento após a inserção do projeto Apice On / Cuidado de enfermería durante el parto y el nacimiento tras la implementación del proyecto Apice On / Nursing care during childbirth after the insertion of the Apice On Project

Objetivo: descrever os saberes e cuidados realizados pelas enfermeiras no campo do parto e do nascimento, a partir da inserção do projeto "Aprimoramento e Inovação no Cuidado e Ensino em Obstetrícia e Neonatologia" (Apice On). Materiais e método: estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, com aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 13 enfermeiras atuantes em uma maternidade de risco habitual na região metropolitana II do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. As entrevistas foram transcritas e submetidas à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: foram identificadas duas categorias temáticas: "Saberes do cotidiano da enfermeira no cuidado à mulher no processo do parto e do nascimento" e "Modo de cuidar da enfermeira à mulher no processo do parto e do nascimento após a inserção do Apice On". A sustentação de um cuidado contínuo, integral e embasado em evidências científicas valoriza a fisiologia da parturição, além de ser decisivo para as mudanças institucionais. Conclusões: as enfermeiras têm potencializado mudanças práticas no cotidiano da assistência na maternidade, influenciadas pelo compromisso de manter um cuidado centrado na mulher com aceno para as práticas interprofissionais.

Objetivo: describir los conocimientos y cuidados que practican los profesionales de enfermería durante el parto y el nacimiento tras la implementación del proyecto Perfeccionamiento e Innovación en el Cuidado y Enseñanza en Obstetricia y Neonatología (Apice On, en su sigla en portugués). Materiales y método: estudio descriptivo de abordaje cualitativo, con base en la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a 13 enfermeras que laboran en un área de maternidad de riesgo estándar en la II Región Metropolitana del Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Estas entrevistas fueron transcritas y sometidas a análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: se identificaron dos categorías temáticas: "Conocimiento cotidiano del enfermero en el cuidado de la mujer en el trabajo de parto y el alumbramiento" y "Enfoque del cuidado del enfermero a la mujer en proceso de parto y alumbramiento tras la implementación de Apice On". Se observa que una atención continua, integral y basada en evidencia científicas valoriza la fisiología del parto, además de ser determinante para la adopción de cambios a nivel institucional. Conclusiones: los profesionales de enfermería han potencializado cambios prácticos en el cuidado diario de la maternidad, influenciados por el compromiso de mantener un cuidado centrado en la mujer y la adopción de prácticas interprofesionales.

Objective: To describe the knowledge and care practices applied by nursing professionals during labor and birth after the insertion of the project Enhancement and Innovation in Care and Teaching of Obstetric and Neonatology (Apice On, in Portuguese). Materials and method: Descriptive study with a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews with 13 nurses working at maternity hospital of usual risk at the II metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, which were transcript and submitted to content analysis under thematic modality. Results: Two thematic categories were identified: "Common knowledge by nurses in labor and delivery care towards women" and "Nursing care towards women in the process of labor and delivery after the insertion of Apice On". Findings show that a continuous and comprehensive care based on scientific evidence values the physiology of childbirth, being also decisive for institutional changes. Conclusions: Nursing professionals have promoted practical changes in daily maternity care, influenced and compromised to sustaining a woman-centered approach in health care and the adoption of interprofessional practices.

Conhecimento de enfemeiras sobre a criança com doença falciforme / Conocimiento de enfemeiras sobre el niño con enfermedad falciforme / Knowledge of nurses about children with sickle cell disease

Objetivo: conhecer a percepção das enfermeiras sobre a criança com doença falciforme. Método: pesquisa qualitativa Convergente-Assistencial, ocorrida em hospital público pediátrico, da qual participaram 12 enfermeiras da emergência no período de julho de 2020 a abril de 2021, após submissão ao Comitê de Ética. As técnicas de coleta de dados foram: sondagem do conhecimento por entrevista semiestruturada, grupos de convergência e observação participante. Os dados foram analisados conforme referencial da Pesquisa Convergente-Assistencial e suas fases, sendo elas concepção, instrumentalização, teorização, transferência e análise. Resultados: as enfermeiras reconheceram a doença pela principal manifestação clínica, a crise álgica, a qual foi citada como característica marcante da criança com doença falciforme. Considerações finais: as enfermeiras atuantes na emergência pediátrica conhecem alguns aspectos da doença falciforme e revelaram conhecimento incipiente sobre a fisiopatologia da doença.

Objetivo: conocer la percepción de las enfermeras sobre el niño con enfermedad falciforme. Método: Investigación cualitativa Convergente-Asistencial, ocurrida en hospital público pediátrico, de la cual participaron 12 enfermeras de la emergencia en el período de julio de 2020 a abril de 2021, tras sumisión al Comité de Ética. Las técnicas de recolección de datos fueron: sondeo del conocimiento por entrevista semiestructurada, grupos de convergencia y observación participante. Los datos fueron analizados conforme referencial de la Investigación Convergente-Asistencial y sus fases, siendo ellas concepción, instrumentalización, teorización, transferencia y análisis. Resultados: las enfermeras reconocieron la enfermedad por la principal manifestación clínica, la crisis álgica, la cual fue citada como característica distintiva del niño con enfermedad falciforme. Consideraciones finales: las enfermeras que actúan en la emergencia pediátrica conocen algunos aspectos de la enfermedad falciforme y revelaron conocimiento incipiente sobre la fisiopatología de la enfermedad.

Objective: to know the perception of nurses about the child with sickle cell disease. Method: qualitative Convergent-Care research, occurred in a public pediatric hospital, in which 12 emergency nurses participated from July 2020 to April 2021, after submission to the Ethics Committee. The data collection techniques were: survey of knowledge by semi-structured interview, convergence groups and participant observation. The data were analyzed according to the referential of the Convergent-Care Research and its phases, being them conception, instrumentalization, theorization, transfer and analysis. Results: the nurses recognized the disease by the main clinical manifestation, the pain crisis, which was cited as a striking characteristic of the child with sickle cell disease. Final considerations: the nurses working in the pediatric emergency know some aspects of sickle cell disease and revealed incipient knowledge about the pathophysiology of the disease.

Non-pharmacological measures for pain relief in childbirth: a systematic review / Medidas não farmacológicas para alívio da dor do parto: revisão sistemática

Abstract Objectives: to evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmacological measures used by obstetric nurses to relieve pain during labor. Methods: this is a systematic review of the databases carried out in the United States National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Heal Literature, Scopus, Web of Science and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, the descriptors were: labor pain, labor, obstetric and obstetric nursing. The search and selection followed the PRISMA recommendations, were carried out from August to September 2020, and randomized clinical trials were eligible and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 17 clinical trials made up the final sample, which highlight the use of non-pharmacological measures with diversified benefits for labor, namely: thermal therapy (20%); massage/sacral massage (15%); Swiss ball exercises (15%); acupressure (15%); auriculotherapy (10%); music therapy (10%); aromatherapy (5%); acupuncture (5%); and dance (5%). Conclusion: the non-pharmacological measures found in this review are efficient to promote pain reduction during labor, associated with a decrease in the use of drug interventions.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar a efetividade das medidas não farmacológicas utilizadas por enfermeiros obstetras para o alívio da dor durante o trabalho de parto. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados United States National Library of Medicine, Cumulative Index to Nursingand Allied Heal Literature, Scopus, Web of Science e Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, os descritores foram: labor pain, labor, obstetric e obstetric nursing. A busca e seleção seguiu as recomendações do PRISMA, aconteceu de agosto a setembro de 2020, foram elegíveis ensaios clínicos randomizados e foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultados: 17 ensaios clínicos compuseram a amostra final, os quais destacam a utilização de medidas não farmacológicas com benefícios diversificados para o trabalho de parto, a saber: terapia térmica (20%); massagem/massagem sacral (15%); exercícios em bola suíça (15%); acupressão (15%); auriculoterapia (10%); musicoterapia (10%); aromaterapia (5%); acupuntura (5%); e dança (5%). Conclusão: as medidas não farmacológicas encontradas nesta revisão são eficientes para promover a redução da dor durante o trabalho de parto, associando-se com a diminuição do uso de intervenções medicamentosas.

Violência contra crianças e adolescentes: intervenções multiprofissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde na escola / Violence against children and adolescents: multidisciplinary PHC interventions in schools

RESUMO Trata-se de um recorte de uma dissertação de mestrado, com objetivo de descrever o processo de construção de propostas de prevenção, enfrentamento e atenção à violência intrafamiliar e escolar contra crianças e adolescentes estudantes em um bairro periférico de um município do interior baiano. Foi realizado um estudo com abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, exploratória; por meio da pesquisa-ação. Os atores sociais da pesquisa foram a comunidade escolar, a família e profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram coletados pela observação sistemática, rodas de conversas e seminário, utilizados para diagnóstico situacional e desenvolvimento das intervenções. A interpretação dos dados foi realizada pela análise de conteúdo. As atividades desvelaram a relevância do trabalho desenvolvido em rede intersetorial e multiprofissional qualificada, resultando em: mudanças comportamentais de adolescentes na escola e família, protagonismo destes nas oficinas educativas para cultura da paz, implantação de espaço de mediação de conflitos na escola, criação de projeto de atividade física, aproximação de pais à escola e sensibilização quanto a melhores possibilidades de educação doméstica não violentas. Conclui-se que as intervenções iniciaram um movimento de mudança de práticas e de interlocução dos diversos serviços existentes no bairro, resultando em uma construção gradual de territórios de paz na escola e na comunidade.

ABSTRACT This excerpt of a master's thesis aims to describe the construction of proposals for the prevention, combat, and attention to intrafamily and school violence against child and adolescent students in a suburban district of a municipality in the inland region of Bahia, Brazil. A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study was conducted through action research. The social stakeholders of the research were the school community, the family, and health professionals. Data were collected by systematic observation, conversation circles, and seminars adopted for situational diagnosis and the development of interventions. Data was interpreted through content analysis. The activities revealed the relevance of the work developed in intersectoral and multidisciplinary qualified network, resulting in behavioral changes of adolescents at school and in the family, their leadership in educational workshops for a peace culture, the implementation of a conflict mediation space at school, the establishment of a physical activity project, drawing parents closer to the school, and raising the awareness toward better possibilities of non-violent domestic education. We conclude that the interventions initiated a movement of change of practices and dialogue of the several district services, resulting in a gradual construction of peace territories in the school and the community.

Differential Gene Expression Associated with Soybean Oil Level in the Diet of Pigs.

The aim of this study was to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEG) from the skeletal muscle and liver samples of animal models for metabolic diseases in humans. To perform the study, the fatty acid (FA) profile and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) data of 35 samples of liver tissue (SOY1.5, n = 17 and SOY3.0, n = 18) and 36 samples of skeletal muscle (SOY1.5, n = 18 and SOY3.0, n = 18) of Large White pigs were analyzed. The FA profile of the tissues was modified by the diet, mainly those related to monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) FA. The skeletal muscle transcriptome analysis revealed 45 DEG (FDR 10%), and the functional enrichment analysis identified network maps related to inflammation, immune processes, and pathways associated with oxidative stress, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction. For the liver tissue, the transcriptome profile analysis revealed 281 DEG, which participate in network maps related to neurodegenerative diseases. With this nutrigenomics study, we verified that different levels of soybean oil in the pig diet, an animal model for metabolic diseases in humans, affected the transcriptome profile of skeletal muscle and liver tissue. These findings may help to better understand the biological mechanisms that can be modulated by the diet.

Effect of dietary soybean oil inclusion on liver-related transcription factors in a pig model for metabolic diseases.

Dietary fatty acids (FA) are components of the lipids, which contribute to membrane structure, energy input, and biological functions related to cellular signaling and transcriptome regulation. However, the consumers still associate dietary FA with fat deposition and increased occurrence of metabolic diseases such as obesity and atherosclerosis. Previous studies already demonstrated that some fatty acids are linked with inflammatory response, preventing metabolic diseases. To better understand the role of dietary FA on metabolic diseases, for the first time, a study to identify key transcription factors (TF) involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response by transcriptome analysis from liver samples of animal models was performed. The key TF were identified by functional enrichment analysis from the list of differentially expressed genes identified in liver samples between 35 pigs fed with 1.5% or 3.0% soybean oil. The functional enrichment analysis detected TF linked to lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response, such as RXRA, EGFR, and SREBP2 precursor. These findings demonstrated that key TF related to lipid metabolism could be modulated by dietary inclusion of soybean oil. It could contribute to nutrigenomics research field that aims to elucidate dietary interventions in animal and human health, as well as to drive food technology and science.

Predictors of sarcopenia in young hospitalized patients living with HIV.

The prevalence of sarcopenia in hospitalized people living with HIV is underdiagnosed, as assessment instruments are not always available. This study aimed to identify factors related to sarcopenia, correlating their anthropometric and clinical markers in hospitalized people living with HIV. This was an observational cross-sectional clinical study, carried out from September 2018 through October 2019. Handgrip strength, muscle mass index, calf circumference and gait speed test were evaluated in recruited patients within three days of hospital admission. The sample consisted in 44 patients, mostly men (66%), black (68%), young adults (41.65±12.18 years) and immunodeficient (CD4 cell count 165 cells/mm3 [34.25-295.5]). Sarcopenia was present in 25% of the sample. Calf circumference showed a significant correlation with CD4 cell count and viral load (p<0.05) while handgrip strength and gait speed test did not. Calf circumference>31cm and gait speed test>0.8m/s reduced the chance of sarcopenia by 60% (OR=0.396 [-1.67 to -0.18]; p<0.05) and 98% (OR=0.02 [-8.16 to 0.13]; p<0.05) respectively. Calf circumference>31cm and gait speed test>0.8m/s are associated with a reduced chance of sarcopenia in hospitalized HIV patients.

Religiosity/Spirituality and Mental Health and Quality of Life of Early Pregnant Women.

The present study aims to investigate how religious/spiritual (R/S) beliefs are associated with depressive, anxious and stress symptoms and quality of life (QOL) of 160 Brazilian women in early pregnancy. In this cross-sectional study, religiosity/spirituality (DUREL, Daily Spiritual Experiences, Brief-RCOPE), mental health (DASS-21) and quality of life (WHOQOL-Bref) were assessed. Negative R/S coping was associated with higher levels of depressive, anxious and stress symptoms and worse physical and psychological QOL. On the other hand, positive R/S coping, intrinsic religiosity, and spirituality were associated with better psychological QOL, while only spirituality was associated with better social QOL.

Evaluation of chemical restraint, isoflurane anesthesia and methadone or tramadol as preventive analgesia in spotted pacas (Cuniculus paca) subjected to laparoscopy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and cardiopulmonary effects of ketamine-midazolam for chemical restraint, isoflurane anesthesia and tramadol or methadone as preventive analgesia in spotted pacas subjected to laparoscopy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective placebo-controlled blinded trial. ANIMALS: A total of eight captive female Cuniculus paca weighing 9.3 ± 0.9 kg. METHODS: Animals were anesthetized on three occasions with 15 day intervals. Manually restrained animals were administered midazolam (0.5 mg kg-1) and ketamine (25 mg kg-1) intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane 30 minutes later. Tramadol (5 mg kg-1), methadone (0.5 mg kg-1) or saline (0.05 mL kg-1) were administered intramuscularly 15 minutes prior to laparoscopy. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (Pe'CO2), end-tidal concentration of isoflurane (Fe'Iso), pH, PaO2, PaCO2, bicarbonate (HCO3-), anion gap (AG) and base excess (BE) were monitored after chemical restraint, anesthesia induction and at different laparoscopy stages. Postoperative pain was assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) for 24 hours. Variables were compared using anova or Friedman test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Chemical restraint was effective in 92% of animals. Isoflurane anesthesia was effective; however, HR, MAP, pH and AG decreased, whereas Pe'CO2, PaO2, PaCO2, HCO3- and BE increased. MAP was stable with tramadol and methadone treatments; HR, Fe'Iso and postoperative VAS decreased. VAS was lower for a longer time with methadone treatment; SpO2 and AG decreased, whereas Pe'CO2, PaCO2 and HCO3- increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ketamine-midazolam provided satisfactory restraint. Isoflurane anesthesia for laparoscopy was effective but resulted in hypotension and respiratory acidosis. Tramadol and methadone reduced isoflurane requirements, provided postoperative analgesia and caused hypercapnia, with methadone causing severe respiratory depression. Thus, the anesthetic protocol is adequate for laparoscopy in Cuniculus paca; however, methadone should be avoided.

O manejo da alta hospitalar do recém nascido prematuro: saberes dos enfermeiros / Hospital discharge management of premature newborns: nurses' knowledge / La gestión del alta hospitalaria del recién nacido prematuro: conocimientos de enfermeros

Objetivo: Analisar os saberes dos enfermeiros durante o processo de alta hospitalar do recém nascido prematuro. Método: Estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo, realizado entre janeiro e maio de 2019 em uma unidade neonatal do Hospital Municipal Dra. Naelma Monteiro da Silva, vinculado ao Município de Rio das Ostras, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Participaram do estudo onze enfermeiros atuantes na Unidade, sendo os dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: Constatou-se que os enfermeiros demonstraram conhecimento dos saberes acerca dos cuidados ao recém nascido na alta hospitalar, destacando-se a amamentação, a higiene corporal, o coto umbilical, a criação de vínculo e o plano de alta hospitalar. Conclusão: Há necessidade de uma assistência qualificada, segura e humanizada, tendo como propósito conhecer as necessidades do recém nascido, e promover estratégias para a educação em saúde, em especial no que tange aos cuidados do recém-nascido

Objective: To analyze nurses' knowledge during the discharge process of premature newborn. Method: Descriptive, exploratory, qualitative study conducted between January and May 2019 in the neonatal unit of the Municipal Hospital Dra. Naelma Monteiro, in the municipality of Rio das Ostras, Rio de Janeiro State. Eleven nurses working in the unit participated in the study, the data collected through semi-structured interviews were submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: Nurses demonstrated knowledge onthe care of newborns during hospital discharge, especially breastfeeding, body hygiene, umbilical stump, bonding, and hospital discharge plan. Conclusion: There is a need for qualified, safe and humanized care, that considers the needs of the newborn, and promotes strategies for health education, especially with regard to newborn care

Objetivo: Analizar el conocimiento de enfermeros durante el proceso de alta hospitalaria de recién nacidos prematuros. Método: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, cualitativo, efectuado entre enero y mayo de 2019 en una unidad neonatal del Hospital Municipal Dra. Naelma Monteiro da Silva, vinculado al Municipio de Rio das Ostras, Estado de Río de Janeiro. Se incluyeron once enfermeras actuantes en la Unidad, donde los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas y se sometieron al análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: Se encontró que los enfermeros demostraron conocimiento sobre la atención al recién nacido en el alta hospitalaria, subrayando la lactancia materna, higiene corporal, cordón umbilical, establecimiento de lazos y plan de alta hospitalaria. Conclusión: Se hace necesaria una atención calificada, segura y humanizada, con el fin de conocer las necesidades del recién nacido y promover estrategias de educación sanitaria, especialmente con respecto a la atención del recién nacido

Impacto psicossocial causado pela pandemia da covid-19 nos profissionais de saúde / Impacto psicosocial causado por la pandemia covid-19 en los profesionales de la salud / Psychosocial impact caused by the covid-19 pandemic on health professionals

Objetivo descrever o impacto psicossocial causado pela pandemia do novo coronavírus nos profissionais de saúde. Método trata-se de revisão narrativa realizada na plataforma da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde usando os seguintes descritores "Profissionais da saúde" AND "COVID-19", no período de maio a junho de 2020. Resultados foi desenvolvido um quadro apresentando as características dos seis artigos científicos selecionados, conforme título, autores, ano de publicação, periódico, tipo de estudo e impacto psicossocial. Conclusão em meio à pandemia os profissionais podem se sentir desamparados, sobrecarregados de atividades e gravemente afetados fisicamente e psicologicamente, tornando-se mais vulneráveis. Faz-se necessário a adoção de medidas protetivas e um plano de ações psicossociais para propiciar melhores condições de trabalho, assistência médica, atendimento psicológico e terapêutico, promovendo qualificações e uso de práticas integrativas e complementares em saúde.

Objetivo describir el impacto psicosocial causado por la pandemia del nuevo coronavirus en los profesionales de la salud. Método se trata de una revisión narrativa realizada en la plataforma de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud utilizando los siguientes descriptores "Profesionales de la Salud" AND "COVID-19", de mayo a junio de 2020. Resultados se desarrolló un cuadro que muestra las características de los seis artículos científicos seleccionados, según el título, los autores, el año de publicación, la revista, el tipo de estudio y el impacto psicosocial. Conclusión en medio de la pandemia, los profesionales pueden sentirse desolados, sobrecargados de actividades y gravemente afectados física y psicológicamente, volviéndose más vulnerables. Es necesario adoptar medidas de protección y un plan de acción psicosocial para proporcionar mejores condiciones de trabajo, atención médica, atención psicológica y terapéutica, promoción de cualificaciones y el uso de prácticas sanitarias integrativas y complementarias.

Objective to describe the psychosocial impact caused by the pandemic of the new coronavirus on health professionals. Method this is a narrative review carried out on the Virtual Health Library platform using the following descriptors "Health Professionals" AND "COVID-19", from May to June 2020. Results a chart was developed showing the characteristics of the six selected scientific articles, according to title, authors, year of publication, journal, type of study and psychosocial impact. Conclusion in the midst of the pandemic, professionals may feel helpless, overloaded with activities and severely affected physically and psychologically, becoming more vulnerable. There is need to adopt protective measures and a psychosocial action plan to provide better working conditions, medical care, psychological and therapeutic care, promoting qualifications and the use of integrative and complementary health practices.

Predictors of sarcopenia in young hospitalized patients living with HIV

ABSTRACT The prevalence of sarcopenia in hospitalized people living with HIV is underdiagnosed, as assessment instruments are not always available. This study aimed to identify factors related to sarcopenia, correlating their anthropometric and clinical markers in hospitalized people living with HIV. This was an observational cross-sectional clinical study, carried out from September 2018 through October 2019. Handgrip strength, muscle mass index, calf circumference and gait speed test were evaluated in recruited patients within three days of hospital admission. The sample consisted in 44 patients, mostly men (66%), black (68%), young adults (41.65 ± 12.18 years) and immunodeficient (CD4 cell count 165 cells/mm3 [34.25-295.5]). Sarcopenia was present in 25% of the sample. Calf circumference showed a significant correlation with CD4 cell count and viral load (p < 0.05) while handgrip strength and gait speed test did not. Calf circumference > 31 cm and gait speed test > 0.8 m/s reduced the chance of sarcopenia by 60% (OR = 0.396 [−1.67 to −0.18]; p < 0.05) and 98% (OR = 0.02 [−8.16 to 0.13]; p < 0.05) respectively. Calf circumference > 31 cm and gait speed test > 0.8 m/s are associated with a reduced chance of sarcopenia in hospitalized HIV patients.

Perfil clínico e laboratorial de cadelas sororeativas para erliquiose tratadas em um Hospital Veterinário Universitário em Niterói, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil / Clinical and laboratory profile of dogs seroreactive to ehrlichiosis treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Niterói, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease highly prevalent in Brazil, and is relevant in canine clinical practice due to its high morbidity and mortality. Its clinical signs are nonspecific and its phases are acute, lasting 2 to 4 weeks; subclinical, i.e., asymptomatic; and chronic, resembling an autoimmune disease. The purpose of this study was to identify the occurrence of reactivity to Ehrlichia canis of bitches treated at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) - Niterói, RJ, Brazil, based on serological examination by iELISA, and to compare the hematological, biochemical, urinary protein-creatinine and urinary density profiles of reactive and non-reactive animals. This study involved solely bitches, regardless of breed, starting at 1 year of age. One hundred and thirty bitches, 1 to 16 year-old (mean age 7.02 ± 4.00), weighing 1.5 to 50 kg (mean weight 12.12 ± 10.65) were subjected to clinical examination and abdominal ultrasound. Complete blood count, biochemical measurements, urinalysis and serology for E. canis were also performed. The serum was used in the iELISA to identify immunoglobulin G (IgG), using a canine Ehrlichia Imunotest® diagnostic kit (Imunodot®, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sixty animals (46.20%) were reactive to E. canis. According to their owners, only 5 (8.3%) of the 60 seroreactive animals had a history of tick-borne disease. The most common profile was that of mixed breed animals living with their owners, older than 7 years, who had not been treated preventatively with specific drugs against ectoparasites. Laboratory tests showed significant differences between groups in terms of total protein (TP), and calcium and urinary protein-creatinine ratio (UPC). TP and UPC were elevated in the non-reactive group, while the only significant change in the reactive group was mild hypocalcemia. In this study, 30% (18/60) of the bitches were seroreactive to E. canis and had hypocalcemia. Of these, 50% (9/18) had a UPC above 0.5. Furthermore, 66.7% (12/18) of this group with hypocalcemia also showed urine density (UD) of less than 1024. Among these 18 bitches, 5 had both alterations, i.e., UPC > 0.5 and UD < 1024. In this study, a high prevalence of bitches seroreactive to Ehrlichia canis was observed, despite the absence of clinical and/or laboratory signs indicative of the disease. In the investigation of IgG class antibodies, it is not possible to determine the exact time of infection, and titers may remain high for a period of more than 11 months, even after treatment and elimination of the bacterium. The fact that most seroreactive bitches showed no symptoms compatible with the disease either before or during the study suggests that they were in the subclinical phase of ehrlichiosis. The main reason for calcium metabolism disorders is a phosphorus imbalance, a condition that occurs in kidney diseases. Isosthenuria reflects the kidney's inability to concentrate urine. This finding may be one of the first clinical manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially in dogs. On the other hand, the UPC ratio may increase with the progression of CKD. The presence of hypocalcemia, isosthenuria and increased UPC associated with seroreactivity suggests that infection by E. canis may be associated with the onset of CKD. Veterinarians should keep in mind the complexity of the pathophysiology of ehrlichiosis to ensure the disease is not underdiagnosed in any of its phases, thereby ensuring the correct treatment is provided. Such awareness is expected to reduce the chronicity of the disease and underlying sequelae among dogs.(AU)

Obstetric violence and the current obstetric model, in the perception of health managers / La violencia obstétrica y el modelo obstétrico actual, en la percepción de los gestores de salud / Violência obstétrica e o atual modelo obstétrico, na percepção dos gestores em saúde

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understand the perception of managers of public maternity hospitals in the Metropolitan Region II of the state of Rio de Janeiro regarding obstetric violence and the measures to face it aiming at guaranteeing the quality of care. Method: a descriptive, exploratory study with a qualitative approach, conducted with 16 health managers from five maternity hospitals in Metropolitan Region II in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Data were collected through interviews, applied from May 2017 to May 2018, and submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality. Results: the research pointed out thenon-reception, technocratic principles of childbirth, refusal of the companion, disrespect to humanized practices centered on physiology and the choice of women, the need for health training as a guide for the humanization policy and the management of health units, professional unpreparedness for performance and lack of involvement of professionals with longer service time to modify practices in obstetric care. Thus, the need to break away from obstetric violence at the structural/institutional level was evident in order to guarantee quality care for women. Conclusion: it is the responsibility of the managers to provide training to health professionals regarding performance that respects the scientific evidence, the centrality and the axes of policies and recommendations in the area of sexual and reproductive health, especially to women regarding their autonomy.

RESUMEN Objetivos: comprender la percepción de los gestores de las maternidades públicas de la II Región Metropolitana del estado de Río de Janeiro sobre la violencia obstétrica y las medidas para suenfrentamientocon el objetivo de garantizar la calidad de la atención. Método: estúdio descriptivo, exploratório con abordaje cualitativa, realizado con 16 gerentes de salud de cinco maternidades de la II Región Metropolitana del estado de Rio de Janeiro. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas, aplicados de mayo de 2017 a mayo de 2018, y sometidos a análisis de contenido en la modalidad temática. Resultados: la investigación señaló la no aceptación, principios tecnocráticos del parto, impedimento de la compañante, falta de respeto a las prácticas humanizadas centradas en la fisiología y la elección de la mujer, la necesidad de la formación en salud como guía para la política de humanización y gestión de las unidades de salud, falta de preparación profesional por desempeño y falta de participación de profesional es con mayor tiempo de servicio para modificar prácticas en atención obstétrica. Así, se hizo evidente la necesidad de romper con la violencia obstétrica que se encuentra a nível estructural / institucional para garantizar una atención de calidad a las mujeres. Conclusión: corresponde a los gestores brindar el proceso de formación de los profesionales de la saluden pro de una actuación que respete la evidencia científica, la centralidad y los ejes de las políticas y recomendación es en el campo de la salud sexual y reproductiva, especialmente para las mujeres encuanto a su autonomía.

RESUMO Objetivos: compreender a percepção dos gestores das maternidades públicas da Região Metropolitana II do estado do Rio de Janeiro acerca da violência obstétrica e as medidas para o seu enfrentamento visando à garantia da qualidade da assistência. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 16 gestores de saúde de cinco maternidades da Região Metropolitana II do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, aplicadas no período de maio de 2017 a maio de 2018, e submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: a pesquisa apontou o não acolhimento, princípios tecnocráticos do parto, impedimento do acompanhante, desrespeito às práticas humanizadas centradas na fisiologia e na escolha da mulher, necessidade da formação em saúde como norteador da política de humanização e da gestão das unidades de saúde, despreparo profissional para atuação e falta de envolvimento de profissionais com mais tempo de serviço para modificar práticas no cuidado obstétrico. Assim, ficou evidente a necessidade de romper com a violência obstétrica que está em nível estrutural/institucional a fim de garantir um cuidado de qualidade à mulher. Conclusão: cabe aos gestores propiciar o processo de formação dos profissionais de saúde em prol de uma atuação que respeite as evidências científicas, a centralidade e os eixos das políticas e recomendações no campo da saúde sexual e reprodutiva, sobretudo à mulher quanto a sua autonomia.