Estudio de la vascularización arterial del músculoflexor digitorum superficialis / Anatomical study of the arterial vascularization of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

El objetivo de nuestro estudio es describir la distribución de la vascularización del músculo flexor digitorum superficialis para optimizar sus indicaciones en Cirugía Reconstructiva de miembro superior. Disecamos 15antebrazos fijados según el método Thiel y coloreados mediante la inyección de látex en los vasos femorales. Centramos nuestro estudio en la disección del músculo flexor digitorum superficialis, seleccionando únicamente los pedículos vasculares que superan los 2 mm, valorando los resultados en función de sus relaciones anatómicas y de su longitud. El número total hallado de arterias nutrientes del vientre muscular fue de 219, localizándose en mayor porcentaje en el tercio medio del antebrazo. De los resultados obtenidos de nuestro estudio podemos deducir que las arterias cubital y cubital recurrente aportan la vascularización dominante. Medialmente, el músculo recibe ramas de la arteria cubital y cubital recurrente, en la parte profunda del vientre muscular. Lateral y proximalmente, recibe ramas de la arteria mediana, mientras que lateral y distalmente recibe ramas de la arteria radial, que penetran en la superficie del músculo (AU)

We present an anatomical study that describes the distribution of the muscular perforators of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. In this study we dissected15 forearms fixed according to Thiel method and coloured latex injection in the femoral vessels. The study was centered on the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Only muscular perforator arteries with diameters over2mm were selected. The vascular origin and length were also studied. In all cases, measurements were taken from the bicondyle line. The total number of arteries obtained from the muscle belly was 219, with the greatest percentage located in the half of the forearm. The principal vascular origin of the perforator arteries was the cubital artery. From the results obtained in our work, we can deduce that the ulnar and the ulnar recurrent arteries are the most dominant supply of the muscle. Medially, it receives many large branches from the ulnar recurrent and the ulnar artery. Laterally and proximally, it receives small branches from the median artery, and distally, it receives several small branches from the radial artery that enter the superficial surface of the muscle (AU)

Vascularización arterial del músculo flexor digitorum superficialis. Estudio anatómico y aplicaciones clínicas / Arterial vascularisation of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Anatomical study and clinical aplications

El objetivo de nuestro estudio es describir la distribución de la vascularización del músculo flexor digitorum superficialis para optimizar sus indicaciones en cirugía reconstructiva de miembro superior. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Disecamos 15 antebrazos fijados según el método Thiel y coloreados mediante la inyección de latex en los vasos femorales. Centramos nuestro estudio en la disección del músculo flexor digitorum superficialis, seleccionando únicamente los pedículos vasculares que superan los 2 mm, valorando los resultados en función de sus relaciones anatómicas y longitud. RESULTADOS. El número total de arterias nutrientes del vientre muscular era de 219, localizándose en mayor porcentaje en el tercio medio del antebrazo. CONCLUSIÓN. De los resultados obtenidos de nuestro estudio podemos deducir que la arteria cubital y cubital recurrente aportan la vascularización dominante. Medialmente recibe ramas de la arteria cubital y cubital recurrente, en la parte profunda del vientre muscular. Lateral y proximalmente recibe ramas de la arteria mediana, mientras que lateral y distalmente recibe ramas de la arteria radial, que penetran en la superficie del músculo (AU)

We present an anatomical study that describes the distribution of the muscular perforators of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. MATERIAL AND METHODS. In this study we dissected 15 forearms fixed according to Thiel method and coloured latex injection in the femoral vessels. The study was centered on the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. Only muscular perforator arteries with diameters over 2mm were selected. The vascular origin and length were also studied. In all cases, measurements were taken from the bicondyle line. RESULTS. The total number of arteries obtained from the muscle belly was 219, with the greatest percentage located in the half of the forearm. The principal vascular origin of the perforator arteries was the cubital artery. ONCLUSION. From the results obtained in our work, we can deduce that the ulnar and the ulnar recurrent arteries are the most dominant supply of the muscle. Medially , it receives many large branches from the ulnar recurrent and the ulnar artery. Laterally and proximally, it receives small branches from the median artery, and distally, it receives several small branches from the radial artery that enter the superficial surface of the muscle (AU)

Retro-esophageal subclavian artery: a case report.

This case report presents the finding of an aberrant right subclavian artery during the routine dissection of 230 human adults specimens. The case which we describe appeared in an 82-year-old male donor, in whom the right retro-esophageal subclavian artery was observed as the last branch of the aortic arch. The rate of occurrence of this variation is stated to be less than 1%. This variation is described in detail; embryology and anatomy are reviewed and we discuss it in relation to other cases. The aortic arch was dissected, and its branches were described as regards their relations, length and diameter.

Stimulus frequency affects c-fos expression in the rat visual system.

We have characterised the c-fos expression patterns in various centers of the visual pathway of adult rats monocularly stimulated either by continuous or flickering light at different frequencies. Results show different immunocytochemical patterns in all centers studied, the geniculate lateral complex (LGC), superior colliculus (SC) and primary visual cortex (Oc1), depending on the physical characteristics of the stimulus (blinking frequency and light wavelength). After stimulation of the left eye, the ipsilateral pathway presents a substantial density of immunoresponsive cells, which is greater than expected with respect to the number of fibers that project ipsilaterally from the retina to the LGC and the superficial layers of the SC. A surprisingly high positive immunoresponsiveness is obtained in all cases with coherent light stimulation in the red spectrum (634 nm).

[Spontaneous spinal extradural hematomas: report of two cases]. / Hematomas extradurales espinales espontáneos: presentación de dos casos.

INTRODUCTION AND CLINICAL CASES: We present two cases of spontaneous spinal extradural hematoma, which occurred in 1996 and were admitted to and operated on by our Department. Both patients were women. No cause for the bleeding was found in either case. Both presented with the site of the lesion in the thoracic spine, although at different levels. There was acute onset of the clinical condition. The best diagnostic procedure was MR. The treatment of choice was surgical and the results related to the rate of onset of the clinical picture and the time elapsed before operation. CONCLUSION: The form of presentation is discussed, together with the importance of early diagnosis and the relation to emergency surgical treatment.

One further case of unusual origin of three hepatic arteries.

This article describes a triple vascularization of the liver which is not a common vascular anomaly. Dealing with this particular kind of vascularization, we note the following: a main hepatic a. which enters in the right lobe of the liver and two accessory arteries, the right hepatic a. (a branch of the superior mesenteric a.) and left hepatic a. (from the left gastric a.). In the same way, the cystic a. has an unusual origin: the right accessory hepatic artery. The whole hepatic pedicle was dissected, and its branches were described, indicating their relations, length and diameter.

Retroaortic left renal vein: a report of six cases.

Six cases of retroaortic left renal vein have been studied, two in corpses and four by means of Computed Tomography. Any previous pathology has been rejected. The total number of dissected specimens was 116, whereas the patients with non-pathological retroperitoneum studied by CT numbered 170. In our six cases, the left renal vein formed a single trunk of considerable size, retroaortic position and directed obliquely towards the inferior vena cava.