Measurement of body composition in cancer patients using CT planning scan at the third lumbar vertebra / Medición de la composición corporal en pacientes oncológicos mediante la TC de planificación a nivel de la tercera vértebra lumbar

Objective: the main objective was to assess body composition in terms of skeletal muscle index (SMI), myosteatosis, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) as an adjunct of information provided by radiotherapy CT planning scan. Material and methods: a sample of 49 patients with lung and digestive cancers underwent a CT scan for radiotherapy treatment, which included measurements at the L3 region. Images were analyzed with a radiotherapy contouring software, using different Hounsfield Unit (HU) settings. Cross-sectional areas (cm2) were automatically computed by summing tissue pixels and multiplying by pixel surface area. Low SMI (cm2/m2) and muscle density (HU) were determined according to the recently established cut-off points. Results: the prevalence of low SMI was detected in 46.94% of patients, being present in 8 women, 4 men with BMI < 25 kg/m2, and 11 men with BMI = 25 kg/m2. The average mean skeletal attenuation of total skeletal muscle area was 29.02 (± 8.66) HU, and myosteatosis was present in 13 women (81.25%) and 31 men (93.94%). Mean SAT was 131.92 (± 76.80) cm2, mean VAT was 133.19 (± 85.28) cm2, and mean IMAT was 11.29 (± 12.86) cm2. Conclusion: skeletal muscle abnormalities are frequently present in cancer patients and a low SMI may also exist even in the presence of overweight. As CT scans are an important tool at any radiation oncology department, they could also be used to offer highly sensitive and specific information about body composition, as well as to detect early malnutrition before starting radiotherapy treatment

Objetivo: evaluar la composición corporal mediante el índice de músculo esquelético (IME), el tejido adiposo visceral (TAV), el tejido adiposo subcutáneo (TAS) y el tejido adiposo intermuscular (TAIM) o la densidad muscular (DM) en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia mediante cortes de TAC. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 49 pacientes con cáncer de pulmón y del aparato digestivo sometidos a tomografía computarizada con cortes en L3 para la determinación del tratamiento con radioterapia. El tejido adiposo y muscular se cuantificó mediante distintas Unidades Hounsfield (UH) (-29 a +150 para masa muscular, -190 a -30 para TAIM/TAS y -150 a -50 para TAV). Resultados: la prevalencia de un IME bajo se detectó en el 46,94% de los pacientes, estando presente en 8 mujeres, 6 de ellas con un IMC = 25 kg/m². Según la distribución masculina, se identificaron 4 hombres con IMC < 25 kg/m² y 11 hombres con = 25 kg/m². La DM media fue de 29,02 (± 8,66) UH y la mioesteatosis estuvo presente en 13 mujeres (81,25%) y 31 hombres (93,94%). La media del TAS fue de 131,92 (± 76,80) cm², la del TAV de 133,19 (± 85,28) cm² y la del TAIM de 11,29 (± 12,86) cm². Conclusión: las anormalidades del músculo esquelético y la masa grasa son muy frecuentes en los pacientes con cáncer, pudiendo existir un bajo IME incluso en presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad. Teniendo en cuenta que la TAC es una herramienta importante en cualquier departamento de radioterapia, también podría utilizarse para ofrecer información sensible y específica sobre la composición corporal, así como para detectar la malnutrición precoz

Measurement of body composition in cancer patients using CT planning scan at the third lumbar vertebra.

INTRODUCTION: Objective: the main objective was to assess body composition in terms of skeletal muscle index (SMI), myosteatosis, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) as an adjunct of information provided by radiotherapy CT planning scan. Material and methods: a sample of 49 patients with lung and digestive cancers underwent a CT scan for radiotherapy treatment, which included measurements at the L3 region. Images were analyzed with a radiotherapy contouring software, using different Hounsfield Unit (HU) settings. Cross-sectional areas (cm2) were automatically computed by summing tissue pixels and multiplying by pixel surface area. Low SMI (cm2/m2) and muscle density (HU) were determined according to the recently established cut-off points. Results: the prevalence of low SMI was detected in 46.94% of patients, being present in 8 women, 4 men with BMI < 25 kg/m2, and 11 men with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The average mean skeletal attenuation of total skeletal muscle area was 29.02 (± 8.66) HU, and myosteatosis was present in 13 women (81.25%) and 31 men (93.94%). Mean SAT was 131.92 (± 76.80) cm2, mean VAT was 133.19 (± 85.28) cm2, and mean IMAT was 11.29 (± 12.86) cm2. Conclusion: skeletal muscle abnormalities are frequently present in cancer patients and a low SMI may also exist even in the presence of overweight. As CT scans are an important tool at any radiation oncology department, they could also be used to offer highly sensitive and specific information about body composition, as well as to detect early malnutrition before starting radiotherapy treatment.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Objetivo: evaluar la composición corporal mediante el índice de músculo esquelético (IME), el tejido adiposo visceral (TAV), el tejido adiposo subcutáneo (TAS) y el tejido adiposo intermuscular (TAIM) o la densidad muscular (DM) en pacientes oncológicos antes de iniciar el tratamiento con radioterapia mediante cortes de TAC. Materiales y métodos: se estudiaron 49 pacientes con cáncer de pulmón y del aparato digestivo sometidos a tomografía computarizada con cortes en L3 para la determinación del tratamiento con radioterapia. El tejido adiposo y muscular se cuantificó mediante distintas Unidades Hounsfield (UH) (-29 a +150 para masa muscular, -190 a -30 para TAIM/TAS y -150 a -50 para TAV). Resultados: la prevalencia de un IME bajo se detectó en el 46,94% de los pacientes, estando presente en 8 mujeres, 6 de ellas con un IMC ≥ 25 kg/m². Según la distribución masculina, se identificaron 4 hombres con IMC < 25 kg/m² y 11 hombres con ≥ 25 kg/m². La DM media fue de 29,02 (± 8,66) UH y la mioesteatosis estuvo presente en 13 mujeres (81,25%) y 31 hombres (93,94%). La media del TAS fue de 131,92 (± 76,80) cm², la del TAV de 133,19 (± 85,28) cm² y la del TAIM de 11,29 (± 12,86) cm². Conclusión: las anormalidades del músculo esquelético y la masa grasa son muy frecuentes en los pacientes con cáncer, pudiendo existir un bajo IME incluso en presencia de sobrepeso u obesidad. Teniendo en cuenta que la TAC es una herramienta importante en cualquier departamento de radioterapia, también podría utilizarse para ofrecer información sensible y específica sobre la composición corporal, así como para detectar la malnutrición precoz.

Diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia from a single selectional crosscut at C3 region, using CT scans before radiotherapy / Diagnóstico de pre-sarcopenia mediante un único corte axial en C3 utilizando el TC de planificación de radioterapia

Purpose: the main purpose of this study was to diagnose pre-sarcopenia in cancer patients who had lack of computed tomography (CT) abdominal images, with a newly discovered method based on cervical images. Material and methods: a sample of 37 patients with either lung cancer or a cancer that affected the upper digestive system underwent radiotherapy computed simulation which included measurements at C3 and L3 regions. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were determined by Hounsfield units and compared in both regions. Pre-sarcopenia was identified according to the cut-points currently established: ≤ 41 cm2/m2 in females, ≤ 43 cm2/m2 in males with a BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2, and ≤ 53 cm2/m2 in males with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Results: the correlation of SMM and SMI between the C3 and L3 regions was R2 = 0.876 and R2 = 0.805, respectively. Moreover, there was a positive association (86.49%) in terms of the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia according to both regions. In total, eleven pre-sarcopenic patients (29.37%) were identified; three of them being overweight (27.27%) and two of them being obese (18.18%). Conclusion: a single sectional cross at the level of C3 can be used for the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia. This new method avoids unnecessary irradiation, saves hospital costs and detects malnutrition before starting radiotherapy treatment in cancer patients who have lack of CT abdominal imaging

Propósito: el propósito de este estudio fue diagnosticar la presarcopenia en pacientes con cáncer que no disponen de imágenes por tomografía computarizada (TC) a nivel abdominal mediante un método novedoso basado en cortes a nivel cervical. Material y métodos: se analizaron y se compararon mediante unidades la masa muscular y la masa muscular esquelética en 37 pacientes con cáncer de pulmón y neoplasias del aparato digestivo superior que incluían cortes en la TC de planificación a nivel de C3 y L3. La presarcopenia se identificó de acuerdo con los puntos de corte establecidos actualmente: ≤ 41 cm2/m2 para mujeres, ≤ 43 cm2/m2 en hombres con un IMC ≤ 25 kg/m2 y ≤ 53 cm2/m2 en hombres con IMC > 25 kg/m2. Resultados: la correlación de la masa muscular y el índice musculoesquelético entre las regiones C3 y L3 fue R2 = 0.876 y R2 = 0.805, respectivamente. Además, hubo una asociación positiva (86,49%) en términos del diagnóstico de presarcopenia según ambas regiones. En total, se identificaron once pacientes con presarcopenia (29,37%); tres de ellos con sobrepeso (27,27%) y dos con obesidad (18,18%). Conclusión: un solo corte transversal a nivel de la vértebra C3 puede diagnosticar la presarcopenia. Este nuevo método evita la irradiación innecesaria, ahorra costos hospitalarios y detecta la desnutrición antes de iniciar el tratamiento de radioterapia en pacientes con cáncer que no disponen de imágenes a nivel abdominal

Diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia from a single selectional crosscut at C3 region, using CT scans before radiotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: Purpose: the main purpose of this study was to diagnose pre-sarcopenia in cancer patients who had lack of computed tomography (CT) abdominal images, with a newly discovered method based on cervical images. Material and methods: a sample of 37 patients with either lung cancer or a cancer that affected the upper digestive system underwent radiotherapy computed simulation which included measurements at C3 and L3 regions. Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were determined by Hounsfield units and compared in both regions. Pre-sarcopenia was identified according to the cut-points currently established: ≤ 41 cm2/m2 in females, ≤ 43 cm2/m2 in males with a BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2, and ≤ 53 cm2/m2 in males with a BMI > 25 kg/m2. Results: the correlation of SMM and SMI between the C3 and L3 regions was R2 = 0.876 and R2 = 0.805, respectively. Moreover, there was a positive association (86.49%) in terms of the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia according to both regions. In total, eleven pre-sarcopenic patients (29.37%) were identified; three of them being overweight (27.27%) and two of them being obese (18.18%). Conclusion: a single sectional cross at the level of C3 can be used for the diagnosis of pre-sarcopenia. This new method avoids unnecessary irradiation, saves hospital costs and detects malnutrition before starting radiotherapy treatment in cancer patients who have lack of CT abdominal imaging.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Propósito: el propósito de este estudio fue diagnosticar la presarcopenia en pacientes con cáncer que no disponen de imágenes por tomografía computarizada (TC) a nivel abdominal mediante un método novedoso basado en cortes a nivel cervical. Material y métodos: se analizaron y se compararon mediante unidades la masa muscular y la masa muscular esquelética en 37 pacientes con cáncer de pulmón y neoplasias del aparato digestivo superior que incluían cortes en la TC de planificación a nivel de C3 y L3. La presarcopenia se identificó de acuerdo con los puntos de corte establecidos actualmente: ≤ 41 cm2/m2 para mujeres, ≤ 43 cm2/m2 en hombres con un IMC ≤ 25 kg/m2 y ≤ 53 cm2/m2 en hombres con IMC > 25 kg/m2. Resultados: la correlación de la masa muscular y el índice musculoesquelético entre las regiones C3 y L3 fue R2 = 0.876 y R2 = 0.805, respectivamente. Además, hubo una asociación positiva (86,49%) en términos del diagnóstico de presarcopenia según ambas regiones. En total, se identificaron once pacientes con presarcopenia (29,37%); tres de ellos con sobrepeso (27,27%) y dos con obesidad (18,18%). Conclusión: un solo corte transversal a nivel de la vértebra C3 puede diagnosticar la presarcopenia. Este nuevo método evita la irradiación innecesaria, ahorra costos hospitalarios y detecta la desnutrición antes de iniciar el tratamiento de radioterapia en pacientes con cáncer que no disponen de imágenes a nivel abdominal.

Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy plus bevacizumab after response to bevacizumab plus irinotecan as a rescue treatment for high-grade gliomas.

AIM: To evaluate the possibility of implementing a new scheme of rescue treatment after relapse or progression of high-grade glioma (HGG) treated at the first-line with bevacizumab and irinotecan (BVZ+CPT11), evaluating the response and toxicity of associating BVZ and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (BVZ+FSRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data from 59 patients with relapse of HGG. Nine patients with HGG relapse after treatment using the Stupp protocol that were treated with BVZ+CPT11 for progression between July 2007 and August 2012, after which the response was assessed according to the Revised Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria. BVZ was administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg and FSRT up to a prescribed dose of 30 Gy, 500 cGy per fraction, three days a week. The median follow-up was 38 months. RESULTS: The treatment was well-tolerated by all patients. The response after nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3-6 months was progression in two patients, stable disease in four, and three patients had a partial response. The median overall survival (OS) from diagnosis until death or the last control was 36.8 months. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10.8 months. The results from tumour sub-group analysis indicated that the PFS was not statistically significant although it seemed that it was higher in grade-III. The OS was higher in grade-III gliomas. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of BVZ+FSRT as a second-line HGG relapse rescue treatment is well-tolerated and seems to offer promising results. We believe that multi-centre prospective studies are needed to determine the long-term efficacy and toxicity of this therapeutic approach.