Selection of suppliers using crisp gradual means integral in conjunction with clustering algorithms.

It is important for companies to select the right suppliers to deal with in order to avoid any disruptions. Considerable research has been conducted to find the solution for this problem. Previous attempts were made to account for uncertainties and disruptions in decision-making in order to rank suppliers based on different criteria of interest and select the desired resources as needed. This study addresses this issue by grouping suppliers in groups based on their similarities in terms of decision-making standards (criteria). Crisp Gradual Means Integral used in fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is used in conjunction with the clustering technique. By grouping suppliers into clusters, several advantages can be gained by the decisions' maker firms. For example, a firm can determine the level of similarity between different suppliers when taking into consideration all variables of interest to its decision-makers. When computing this similarity, the decision-makers can substitute any of the suppliers with other supplier from the same group in the event of the occurrence of a negative event that prevents the original selected supplier from fulfilling their obligations. •The crisp gradual means integral is a well know approach used in the fuzzy analytics hierarchy processes.•The proposed methodology adapts the crisp means integral and clustering algorithms.•The resulted outcomes group suppliers into groups to help the decision makers select the best supplier.

Effect of electrode parameters in the electro-production of reactive oxidizing species via boron-doped diamond under batch mode.

Ozone and hydroxyl radicals (• OH) are powerful reactive oxidizing species (ROS) that are commonly utilized in water disinfection. The electrochemical advanced oxidation process (EAOP) is often used to generate such oxidants, whereas optimizing its experimental setup and electrode parameters plays a crucial role in its performance. This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's active area, type of electrode substrates (mesh or sheet), type of mesh substrate (rolled and unrolled), and number of anodes and cathodes are examined. The results showed that the use of two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode and one long-rolled mesh as a cathode gives the optimal performance of electrolysis process at 15 V potential and 3 min. These results will provide a start for developing a cost accepted, health-safe, household disinfection device that reduces susceptibility to human life-threatening waterborne diseases. PRACTITIONER POINTS: This research aims to find the optimal setup for ROS generation process from tap water via the boron-doped diamond. The effect of electrode's parameters on the electro-production of ROS is examined. The best performance is achieved using rolled mesh electrodes. Two long-rolled BDD/Nb meshes as anode electrodes and one long-rolled mesh cathode electrode give the optimal electrolysis process performance.

Preparation, characterization, nanostructures and bio functional analysis of sonicated protein co-precipitates from brewers' spent grain and soybean flour.

This investigation was performed to assess the effects of sonication on the structure of protein, extractability of phenolics, and biological properties of isolated proteins and protein co-precipitates prepared from brewers' spent grain and soybean flour. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that the sonicated protein isolates and co-precipitates had different microstructures with fewer aggregates and smaller particles down to the nanometer scale compared to non-sonicated samples. However, the levels of free and bound phenolics extracted from non-sonicated protein isolates and protein co-precipitates increased compared to sonicated samples. The bound phenolics extracted after acid hydrolysis of sonicated protein co-precipitates showed improved ACE inhibitory activity and diminished antioxidant potency compared to non-sonicated samples. However, the free phenolics extracted from sonicated protein co-precipitates showed decreased ACE inhibitory activity and increased antioxidant activities compared to non-sonicated samples. The free and bound phenolics extracted from sonicated protein co-precipitates showed increased alpha-amylase inhibitory activity compared to non-sonicated samples.