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1.
Neurologia ; 19(10)Dec. 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-40090

RESUMO

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease induces alterations both motor and cognitive. Levodopa, the treatment of choice, offers initial improvement, but causes long term important complications. It is ignored if it provokes or not a similar situation in cognitive function. Two groups of idiopathic parkinsonian patients were studied. One of them was using levodopa as a regular treatment, the other had de novo patients. A group of healthy controls was also studied. The levodopa group was evaluated when levodopa plasma concentration was maximum and when it was minimum. A cognitive battery was used in order to assess the cognitive status of all subjects. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups of patients and the healthy controls were found when the treated group had a maximum plasmatic concentration of levodopa. There were also significant differences when they had a minimum concentration in comparison with the healthy controls. The performances of the patients taking levodopa varied between both conditions...(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antiparkinsonianos/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Cognitivos/induzido quimicamente , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 19(10): 710-718, dic. 2004.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-37031

RESUMO

Introducción. La enfermedad de Parkinson idiopática causa alteraciones tanto en el plano motor como en el cognitivo. La levodopa, fármaco de primera elección para su tratamiento, aunque introduce mejorías motoras inciales, provoca importantes complicaciones a largo plazo. Se desconoce si en el plano cognitivo se produce o no una situación similar. Método. Se estudiaron dos grupos de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson idiopática que se diferenciaban sólo por la ingestión o no de levodopa y un grupo de controles sanos. A los tres grupos se les aplicó una batería de diferentes pruebas cognitivas en las condiciones de máxima y mínima concentración plasmática del fármaco. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de pacientes y los controles sanos cuando el grupo medicado tenía una máxima concentración plasmática de levodopa; igualmente hubo diferencias significativas cuando tenía una mínima concentración en comparación con los controles sanos. Además, las evoluciones de los pacientes medicados con levodopa variaban entre sí de una condición a otra. Conclusiones. La enfermedad de Parkinson provoca alteraciones sobre una amplia variedad de funciones cognitivas, lo que relaciona los ganglios basales con una función más general dentro de la cognición humana relativa al aprendizaje, almacenamiento y suministro a la corteza cerebral de programas motores y cognitivos. La levodopa ejerce un efecto diferente sobre distintas funciones cognitivas, pudiendo incluso fluctuar los beneficios que provoca entre los períodos de máxima y mínima concentración plasmática del fármaco. En algunas funciones aisladas puede causar empeoramiento cuando su concentración es máxima. Este hecho llama la atención acerca de que el uso prolongado de la levodopa puede introducir fluctuaciones más drásticas en el funcionamiento cognitivo general del paciente (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Levodopa , Transtornos Cognitivos , Antiparkinsonianos , Doença de Parkinson , Testes Neuropsicológicos
3.
Neurologia ; 19(10): 710-8, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15568168

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Idiopathic Parkinson's disease induces alterations both motor and cognitive. Levodopa, the treatment of choice, offers initial improvement, but causes long term important complications. It is ignored if it provokes or not a similar situation in cognitive function. METHOD: Two groups of idiopathic parkinsonian patients were studied. One of them was using levodopa as a regular treatment, the other had de novo patients. A group of healthy controls was also studied. The levodopa group was evaluated when levodopa plasma concentration was maximum and when it was minimum. A cognitive battery was used in order to assess the cognitive status of all subjects. RESULTS: Significant differences between the two groups of patients and the healthy controls were found when the treated group had a maximum plasmatic concentration of levodopa. There were also significant differences when they had a minimum concentration in comparison with the healthy controls. The performances of the patients taking levodopa varied between both conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Parkinson's disease provokes a wide variety of cognitive alterations, therefore basal ganglia can be related to a more general function as learning and storing cognitive and motor programs. Levodopa influences in a different way different cognitive functions differently and its influence varies between highest and lowest plasmatic concentrations periods. These results allow us to draw important conclusions about the cognitive alterations caused by the natural course of Parkinson's disease, the introduction of treatment with levodopa and the relationship between basal ganglia and human cognition.


Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Cognitivos/induzido quimicamente , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Antiparkinsonianos/sangue , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Levodopa/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos
4.
Rev Neurol ; 39(6): 521-4, 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15467988

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular disease can cause different memory disorders depending on the area of the brain involved. More specifically, ischemic lesions in the frontal region can be associated to short-term verbal memory disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two groups of subjects were studied, 10 of whom were patients who presented a frontal cerebral infarction and 10 healthy controls. They were administered a memory task involving word recognition. While they were performing the task the electrical activity of their brains was recorded in order to examine event-related potentials (ERP). RESULTS: The patients' performance of the task was poorer than that of the healthy control subjects. Likewise, while the latter displayed a predominantly frontal distribution of ERPs, in the patients the frontal activity diminished and was seen to be chiefly temporoparietooccipital. CONCLUSIONS: These findings allow important conclusions to be drawn about the characteristics of the memory disorder presented by these patients.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatologia , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória/diagnóstico , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia , Memória de Curto Prazo/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Desempenho Psicomotor
5.
Rev Neurol ; 39(6)Sept. 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | CUMED | ID: cum-40098

RESUMO

Cerebrovascular disease can cause different memory disorders depending on the area of the brain involved. More specifically, ischemic lesions in the frontal region can be associated to short-term verbal memory disorders. Two groups of subjects were studied, 10 of whom were patients who presented a frontal cerebral infarction and 10 healthy controls. They were administered a memory task involving word recognition. While they were performing the task the electrical activity of their brains was recorded in order to examine event-related potentials (ERP). The patients' performance of the task was poorer than that of the healthy control subjects. Likewise, while the latter displayed a predominantly frontal distribution of ERPs, in the patients the frontal activity diminished and was seen to be chiefly temporoparietooccipital. These findings allow important conclusions to be drawn about the characteristics of the memory disorder presented by these patients(AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/complicações , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatologia , Transtornos da Memória/etiologia
6.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(6): 521-524, 16 sept., 2004. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-35794

RESUMO

Introducción. La enfermedad cerebrovascular puede causar alteraciones de la memoria diferentes en función del área cerebral afectada. Las lesiones isquémicas en la región frontal pueden asociarse a alteraciones de la memoria verbal a corto plazo, específicamente. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron dos grupos de sujetos, 10 de ellos pacientes que presentaban un infarto cerebral frontal, y 10 controles sanos. Se les aplicó una tarea de memoria de reconocimiento de palabras. Durante su realización se recogió la actividad eléctrica cerebral para el registro de los potenciales relacionados con eventos (PRE). Resultados. Los pacientes tuvieron una ejecución deficitaria en la tarea en comparación con los controles sanos. Igualmente, mientras éstos mostraban una distribución predominantemente frontal de los PRE, en los pacientes la activación frontal disminuía y era de preferencia temporoparietoccipital. Conclusiones. Estos resultados permiten extraer importantes conclusiones sobre las características de la alteración de la memoria presentada por los pacientes (AU)


Introduction. Cerebrovascular disease can cause different memory disorders depending on the area of the brain involved. More specifically, ischemic lesions in the frontal region can be associated to short-term verbal memory disorders. Patients and methods. Two groups of subjects were studied, 10 of whom were patients who presented a frontal cerebral infarction and 10 healthy controls. They were administered a memory task involving word recognition. While they were performing the task the electrical activity of their brains was recorded in order to examine event-related potentials (ERP). Results. The patients’ performance of the task was poorer than that of the healthy control subjects. Likewise, while the latter displayed a predominantly frontal distribution of ERPs, in the patients the frontal activity diminished and was seen to be chiefly temporoparietooccipital. Conclusions. These findings allow important conclusions to be drawn about the characteristics of the memory disorder presented by these patients (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Potenciais Evocados , Desempenho Psicomotor , Memória de Curto Prazo , Transtornos da Memória , Eletroencefalografia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Testes Neuropsicológicos
7.
Rev Neurol ; 38(3): 229-33, 2004.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14963849

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cerebrovascular disease causes different cognitive alterations. There is a need to develop tools that are capable of diagnosing them. One of them could be event related potentials. These provide an indicator of cognitive processing in real time. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A study was conducted of 10 patients with cerebral infarction in the frontal region and 10 paired healthy controls. Evaluation of the patients was performed a week after the stroke. A continuous performance test was applied to both groups together with the recording of the electrical activity in the brain in order to obtain the P300 component. The results were submitted to the non-parametric Student's t test, and the Bayesian model averaging method (BMAM) was employed to calculate the sources generating the electrical activity recorded on the electroencephalogram. RESULTS: Patients displayed significantly poorer performances compared to the healthy controls in the attention test. The BMAM showed that the P300 component was related to the right hand temporal structures in healthy controls, whereas the left temporoparietal regions were also involved in the patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the existence of subclinical disorders affecting sustained attention and that they can only be detected by very sensitive tools; furthermore, they also have implications for the brain circuits regulating sustained attention and the P300 component.


Assuntos
Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/diagnóstico , Potenciais Evocados P300/fisiologia , Potenciais Evocados , Lobo Temporal/fisiopatologia , Atenção/fisiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/psicologia , Dominância Cerebral , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Lobo Frontal/irrigação sanguínea , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Desempenho Psicomotor , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
8.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 38(3): 229-233, 1 feb., 2004. tab, graf
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-29991

RESUMO

Introducción. La enfermedad cerebrovascular causa alteraciones cognitivas disímiles. Es preciso desarrollar herramientas capaces de diagnosticarlas, y una de ellas podría ser los potenciales relacionados con eventos. Éstos brindan un indicador en tiempo real del procesamiento cognitivo. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 10 pacientes con infarto cerebral en la región frontal y 10 controles sanos pareados. La evaluación de los pacientes se realizó una semana después de presentar el infarto. A ambos grupos se les aplicó un test de ejecución continua asociado al registro de la actividad eléctrica cerebral para la obtención del componente P300. Los resultados obtenidos se sometieron a la prueba no paramétrica t de Student, y el electroencefalograma, al método de promediación de modelos bayesianos (MPMB) para el cálculo de las fuentes generadoras de la actividad eléctrica registrada. Resultados. Los pacientes tuvieron ejecuciones significativamente más pobres que los controles sanos en la prueba de atención. El MPMB mostró que el componente P300 se relaciona con las estructuras temporales derechas en los controles sanos, mientras que en los pacientes se suman las zonas temporoparietales izquierdas. Conclusiones. Estos resultados indican la existencia de alteraciones subclínicas de la atención sostenida, y que sólo herramientas más sensibles pueden detectarlas; además, tienen implicaciones para los circuitos cerebrales reguladores de la atención sostenida y del componente P300 (AU)


Introduction. Cerebrovascular disease causes different cognitive alterations. There is a need to develop tools that are capable of diagnosing them. One of them could be event-related potentials. These provide an indicator of cognitive processing in real time. Patients and methods. A study was conducted of 10 patients with cerebral infarction in the frontal region and 10 paired healthy controls. Evaluation of the patients was performed a week after the stroke. A continuous performance test was applied to both groups together with the recording of the electrical activity in the brain in order to obtain the P300 component. The results were submitted to the non-parametric Student’s t test, and the Bayesian model averaging method (BMAM) was employed to calculate the sources generating the electrical activity recorded on the electroencephalogram. Results. Patients displayed significantly poorer performances compared to the healthy controls in the attention test. The BMAM showed that the P300 component was related to the right-hand temporal structures in healthy controls, whereas the left temporoparietal regions were also involved in the patients. Conclusions. These findings indicate the existence of subclinical disorders affecting sustained attention and that they can only be detected by very sensitive tools; furthermore, they also have implications for the brain circuits regulating sustained attention and the P300 component (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Potenciais Evocados , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Lobo Temporal , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Desempenho Psicomotor , Atenção , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares , Dominância Cerebral , Eletroencefalografia , Lobo Frontal
9.
Rev Neurol ; 36(11): 1015-8, 2003.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12808494

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The cognitive disorders presented by patients with Parkinson s disease (PD) have drawn attention to the role played by the basal ganglia in cognition. It has been suggested that through a system of cortico subcortical circuits they monitor the work done by the frontal regions by guiding the anterior and posterior attentional systems, whose functioning is necessary for the so called executive functions to be carried out. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 10 patients with PD in developmental stages I and II according to the scale of Hoehn and Yahr, and 10 healthy paired controls. All of them were administered a test for simple sustained attention, complex sustained attention and attentional shift. RESULTS: In the simple sustained attention task there were no significant differences between groups. In the complex sustained attention test the patients committed more mistakes, and in the attentional shift task they committed more omissions and there was a significant increase in reaction time. CONCLUSIONS: Even in the early stages of the disease, patients suffering from Parkinson present cognitive disorders. These are concentrated in the detection and evaluation of new information, in the capability to shift attention between different spatial regions in a flexible manner and in choosing, inhibiting and activating motor programmes. In order to detect these alterations more sensitive and complex tests must be used.


Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Testes Neuropsicológicos
10.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 36(11): 1015-1018, 1 jun., 2003.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27645

RESUMO

Introducción. Los trastornos cognitivos que presentan los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) han llamado la atención sobre la función de los ganglios basales en la cognición. Se ha propuesto que monitorizan el trabajo de las regiones frontales mediante un sistema de circuitos cortico subcorticales, al guiar a los sistemas atencionales anterior y posterior, cuyo funcionamiento se necesita para el desarrollo de las llamadas funciones ejecutivas. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron 10 pacientes con EP en estadios evolutivos I y II según la escala de Hoehn yYahr y 10 controles sanos pareados. A todos se les aplicó una prueba de atención sostenida simple, atención sostenida compleja y de cambio atencional. Resultados. En la prueba de atención sostenida simple no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos. En la de atención sostenida compleja los pacientes cometieron una mayor cantidad de errores, y en la de cambio atencional cometieron más omisiones y aumentaron significativamente su tiempo de reacción. Conclusiones. Los pacientes parkinsonianos que se encuentran en estadios tempranos de la enfermedad presentan alteraciones cognitivas. Éstas se concentran en la detección y evaluación de nueva información, en la posibilidad de cambiar de manera flexible la atención entre regiones espaciales diferentes y en elegir, inhibir y activar programas motores. Para detectar estas alteraciones se precisa de pruebas más sensibles y complejas (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Doença de Parkinson , Atenção , Transtornos Cognitivos , Testes Neuropsicológicos
11.
Rev Neurol ; 34(12): 1105-9, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12134271

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Event related potentials, and especially the component P300, can be used to achieve greater precision and sensitivity in the cognitive evaluation of patients. They also enable us to obtain more accurate information about deficiencies in sustained attention, which is a cognitive function associated with the generation of the above mentioned component. Furthermore, the study of disorders triggered off by cerebrovascular disease must be given priority because of the high incidence with which they occur. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied four groups of individuals divided according to the localization of the lesion and the etiopatogenic mechanism involved (10 patients with right parietal atherothrombotic infarction, 10 patients with left parietal atherothrombotic infarction, 10 patients with lacunar infarction, 10 paired healthy controls). They were administered a classic test for obtaining P300, which evaluates sustained attention. RESULTS: Patients with cerebral infarction in the right hemisphere presented alterations in the functions evaluated, since they showed more omissions, gave fewer correct answers, the values for latency were significantly increased in Fz derivation and amplitude values were reduced in Pz, as compared to healthy controls. Individuals with left cerebral infarction, however, showed no significant differences with regard to the controls. People with lacunar infarction made less mistakes and omissions, and scored more correct answers than those that had suffered right or left infarction. Their amplitude values were also higher than the values of the individuals with a right lesion in Pz derivation but showed no differences as regards the controls. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide new data on the cognitive mechanisms that are affected during a right parietal lesion and demonstrate the sensitivity of P300 in detecting alterations in sustained attention in individuals that differ as regards not only the localization of the lesion but also the type of etiopathogenic mechanism involved.


Assuntos
Atenção/fisiologia , Isquemia Encefálica/fisiopatologia , Infarto Cerebral/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Adulto , Idoso , Infarto Cerebral/patologia , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos
12.
Rev Neurol ; 34(11): 1017-20, 2002.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12134297

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Ischemic cerebrovascular disease causes cognitive disorders among survivors, which may range from vascular dementia to alterations of a sub clinical nature. These are not easily detected using conventional diagnostic tools. Some of the most frequent disorders after a cerebral infarction are those affecting sustained attention or vigilance. The event related potential (ERP) P300 or P3 could be a valuable diagnostic indicator of this type of disorder and its evolution. AIMS. The evaluation and diagnosis of sub clinical disorders of sustained attention in patients with cerebral infarction by using ERP as a method of diagnosis and follow up. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 13 patients with cerebral infarction located in the left parietal lobe, 13 with infarction in the right parietal lobe and 26 healthy control subjects, who were paired by gender, age and educational level. All subjects were submitted to a computerized continuous performance test, associated with the recording of electrical brain activity. RESULTS: Patients with right parietal lesions made more mistakes due to omission, answered fewer questions correctly and had a lower attention index than the rest of the patients and healthy controls. Although there were no significant differences in the P3 amplitude values, patients with right lesion presented significantly increased latencies in the F7, Fz and Cz derivations. After five months there was a significant improvement in performance in the attentional test. The value of the latency in the Cz derivation, nine days after the occurrence of the cerebral infarction, was related with the number of mistakes made by the subjects five months later in the attention test. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with an ischemic lesion in the right parietal lobe presented disorders in sustained attention, which were only diagnosed adequately by use of computerized tests associated with ERP recordings. This shows that evoked potentials are valuable in cognitive diagnosis, and also demonstrates the relation that exists between the capacity to hold the attention on a stimulus over a period of time and the structures of the right parietal lobe. Five months later, these disorders of a sub clinical nature can disappear. The value of the latency in Cz, nine days after the occurrence of the event, acts as a predictor of this recovery. Cognitive rehabilitation plans could benefit from the use of these diagnostic tools.


Assuntos
Atenção , Isquemia Encefálica/diagnóstico , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Isquemia Encefálica/complicações , Transtornos Cognitivos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Cognitivos/etiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Lobo Parietal/irrigação sanguínea , Escalas de Wechsler
13.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(11): 1017-1020, 1 jun., 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27757

RESUMO

Introducción. La enfermedad cerebrovascular isquémica provoca afectaciones cognitivas entre los sobrevivientes, que pueden ir desde la demencia vascular hasta alteraciones de carácter subclínico. Éstas no se detectan fácilmente mediante las herramientas diagnósticas convencionales. Entre las alteraciones más frecuentes después de un infarto cerebral se encuentran las de la atención sostenida o vigilancia. El potencial relacionado con eventos (PRE) P300 o P3 podría constituir un indicador diagnóstico útil de este tipo de alteraciones y de su evolución. Objetivos. Evaluar y diagnosticar las alteraciones subclínicas de la atención sostenida en los pacientes con infarto cerebral, con la utilización de PRE como método de diagnóstico y seguimiento. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudió a 13 pacientes con infarto cerebral localizado en el lóbulo parietal izquierdo, 13 con infarto en el parietal derecho y 26 controles sanos, pareados por sexo, edad y escolaridad. A todos se les aplicó un test computadorizado de ejecución continua, asociado a la recogida de la actividad eléctrica cerebral. Resultados. Los pacientes con lesión parietal derecha cometen una mayor cantidad de errores por omisión, tienen menos respuestas correctas y un menor índice de atención que el resto de los pacientes y los controles sanos. Mientras que no hay diferencias significativas en los valores de amplitud del P3, los pacientes con lesión derecha presentan latencias significativamente aumentadas en las derivaciones F7, Fz y Cz. Después de cinco meses se produjo una mejoría significativa en la ejecución en el test atencional. El valor de la latencia en la derivación Cz, nueve días después de ocurrido el infarto cerebral, se relacionaba con la cantidad de errores que cinco meses más tarde cometían los sujetos en el test de atención. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con lesión isquémica en el lóbulo parietal derecho presentan alteraciones de la atención sostenida, que sólo se diagnosticaron adecuadamente mediante el uso de pruebas computadorizadas asociadas al registro de PRE. Esto demuestra la utilidad de los potenciales evocados en el diagnóstico cognitivo, así como la relación existente entre la capacidad de mantener la atención sobre un estímulo a lo largo del tiempo y las estructuras del lóbulo parietal derecho. Cinco meses después, estas alteraciones de carácter subclínico pueden desaparecer. El valor de la latencia en Cz, a los nueve días de haber ocurrido el evento, constituye un predictor de esta recuperación. Los planes de rehabilitación cognitiva podrían beneficiarse de la utilización de estas herramientas diagnósticas (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Atenção , Escalas de Wechsler , Lobo Parietal , Transtornos Cognitivos , Eletroencefalografia , Seguimentos , Isquemia Encefálica
14.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 34(12): 1105-1109, 16 jun., 2002.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-27776

RESUMO

Introducción. Los potenciales relacionados con eventos, especialmente el componente P300, pueden utilizarse para la evaluación cognitiva de los pacientes con el fin de lograr una mayor precisión y sensibilidad en el examen cognitivo, además de obtener información más precisa sobre las deficiencias en la atención sostenida, función cognitiva relacionada con la generación de dicho componente. El estudio de las afectaciones provocadas por la enfermedad cerebrovascular constituye, por otra parte, una prioridad debido a la alta incidencia de esta patología. Pacientes y métodos. Se estudiaron cuatro grupos de individuos, reunidos según la localización de la lesión y el mecanismo etiopatogénico involucrado (10 pacientes con infarto aterotrombótico parietal derecho, 10 pacientes con infarto aterotrombótico parietal izquierdo, 10 pacientes con infarto lacunar, 10 controles sanos pareados). Se les aplicó un test clásico para la obtención de la P300, que evalúa la atención sostenida. Resultados. Los pacientes con infarto cerebral en el hemisferio derecho presentaron alteraciones en las funciones evaluadas, pues mostraron una mayor cantidad de omisiones, una menor cantidad de respuestas correctas, valores de latencia significativamente aumentados en la derivación Fz y reducidos de la amplitud en Pz que los controles sanos, mientras que los individuos con infarto cerebral izquierdo no mostraron diferencias significativas con respecto a los controles. Las personas con un infarto lacunar cometían menos errores y omisiones y obtenían más respuestas correctas que las que habían sufrido un infarto derecho o izquierdo. Sus valores de amplitud eran igualmente superiores a los valores de los individuos con una lesión derecha en la derivación Pz, sin embargo, no mostraron diferencias en relación con los controles. Conclusiones. Estos resultados proporcionan nuevos datos sobre los mecanismos cognitivos afectados durante una lesión parietal derecha, y muestran la sensibilidad de la P300 para detectar alteraciones de atención sostenida en individuos que difieren no sólo en relación con la localización de la lesión, sino también con el mecanismo etiopatogénico involucrado (AU)


Assuntos
Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Idoso , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Potenciais Evocados P300 , Atenção , Infarto Cerebral , Circulação Cerebrovascular , Transtornos Cognitivos , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Isquemia Encefálica
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