RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is a rare disease. Not all FTMHs can be closed by primary surgical intervention. OBJECTIVE: This work aims to characterize a large patient population with FTMHs and to detect possible predictive factors for anatomical treatment success. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprises a retrospective analysis of all consecutive idiopathic macular holes between March 2008 and June 2019 at the University Eye Hospital Cologne. Epidemiologic data, preoperative parameters (size of the FTMH), and surgical technique were examined in relation to the closure rate following primary surgery. RESULTS: The anatomical closure rate for idiopathic FTMH after primary surgery was 83.6%. No association between age, gender, and lens status and closure rate could be shown. Regarding anatomical surgical success, the favorable prognostic factors identified were a small FTMH size, short symptom duration, performance of transconjunctival 23-gauge vitrectomy, and application of the inverted flap technique of the internal limiting membrane (ILM). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment represents a valuable treatment option for patients with macular holes due to good prospects of success. Prompt intervention after diagnosis using 23-gauge vitrectomy and an ILM flap with gas tamponade seems to result in the most favorable outcomes.
RESUMO
The aim of this study is to characterize profiles of maternal care in a sample of Brazilian mothers, using a culturalbiological perspective. Participants were 315 women who had at least one child younger than six years-old. They were selected from six Brazilian states. In each state, two groups of mothers were studied, one from the capital and one from a small city. They were interviewed and answered scales on allocentrism, social support, adult attachment, and practices of childcare. Mothers characteristics, the type of context (capital vs. small city), and reported childcare practices were used in a Tree analysis. A Correspondence analysis was performed using the four clusters obtained and mothers answers regarding their youngest child. Univariate GLM analyses were performed to compare mothers in the four clusters in terms of their scores on the different scales. Four maternal profiles presenting distinctive patterns of association between mothers characteristics and care practices displayed to the youngest child were identified. We conclude that maternal care is a multi-determined phenomenon and that the method employed in this study can give insights into how the combination of diverse social-biological factors can result in a set of childcare practices (AU)
El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar los perfiles de atención materna en una muestra de madres brasileñas, desde una perspectiva cultural-biológica. Las participantes fueron 315 mujeres que tenían al menos un hijo menor de seis años. Fueron seleccionadas en seis estados brasileños. En cada estado, se estudiaron dos grupos de madres, uno de la capital y otro de una ciudad pequeña. Fueron entrevistadas y se les administró la escala de alocentrismo, la de apoyo social, la de apego en adultos, y la de prácticas de cuidado en niños. Las características maternas, el tipo de contexto (la capital vs. ciudad pequeña), y la información aportada sobre prácticas de cuidado en niños, fueron utilizados en un árbol de decisión. Utilizando los cuatro grupos obtenidos y las respuestas de las madres sobre sus hijos más pequeños, se realizó un análisis de correspondencias. Para comparar a las madres en los cuatro grupos, en función de sus puntuaciones en las diferentes escalas, se utilizaron análisis univariados mediante el procedimiento GLM. Fueron identificados cuatro perfiles maternos que presentan patrones distintivos de asociación entre las características maternas y las prácticas de cuidado que se dispensan a los niños más pequeños. Llegamos a la conclusión de que la atención materna es un fenómeno multi-determinado y que el método empleado en este estudio puede proporcionarnos mayor información sobre cómo puede resultar la combinación de diversos factores sociobiológicos, en un conjunto de prácticas de cuidado infantil (AU)