The Saudi urological association guidelines on urolithiasis.

Aims: The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines are a set of recommendations for diagnosing, evaluating, and treating urolithiasis in the Saudi population. These guidelines are based on the latest evidence and expert consensus to improve patient outcomes and optimize care delivery. They cover the various aspects of urolithiasis, including risk factors, diagnosis, medical and surgical treatments, and prevention strategies. By following these guidelines, health-care professionals can improve care quality for individuals with urolithiasis in Saudi Arabia. Panel: The Saudi Urolithiasis Guidelines Panel consists of urologists specialized in endourology with expertise in urolithiasis and consultation with a guideline methodologist. All panelists involved in this document have submitted statements disclosing any potential conflicts of interest. Methods: The Saudi Guidelines on Urolithiasis were developed by relying primarily on established international guidelines to adopt or adapt the most appropriate guidance for the Saudi context. When necessary, the panel modified the phrasing of recommendations from different sources to ensure consistency within the document. To address areas less well covered in existing guidelines, the panel conducted a directed literature search for high quality evidence published in English, including meta analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective nonrandomized comparative studies. The panel also searched for locally relevant studies containing information unique to the Saudi Arabian population. The recommendations are formulated with a direction and strength of recommendation based on GRADE terminology and interpretation while relying on existing summaries of evidence from the existing guidelines.

Acute Vasitis clinical picture mimicking inguinal hernia: Case report and review.

Acute Vasitis a rare condition, but one that can present with a diagnostic dilemma, if not recognized and managed appropriately, may lead to unnecessary surgical interventions with consequent morbidity for the patient. A 27 year old healthy male, presented with left scrotal pain associated with inguinoscrotal swelling. Physical examination revealed left scrotum tenderness and swelling extended along left inguinal area. CT showed multi loculated cystic fluid collection within left seminal vesicle. Acute Vasitis is a rare differential diagnosis for acute scrotum and This case report summarizes the importance of identifying it and how imaging can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention.

Case report of a rare urinary bladder tumor variant (carcinosarcoma).

Carcinosarcoma of the bladder is a rare and aggressive variant of bladder tumor. The causes are not clear for this bladder tumor variant. Early diagnosis with immediate surgical resection is the most accepted management as reported so far in the literature, but the optimal management is unknown to date. Here, we report a case of a 62-year-old woman with bladder carcinosarcoma who presented with macroscopic hematuria.

Prediction of High-Grade Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Based on Plasma mRNA Profiles in Patients with Localized Pathologic T1N0M0 Stage Disease.

A high nuclear grade is crucial to predicting tumor recurrence and metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs). We aimed to compare the mRNA profiles of tumor tissues and preoperative plasma in patients with localized T1 stage ccRCCs, and to evaluate the potential of the plasma mRNA profile for predicting high-grade ccRCCs. Data from a prospective cohort (n = 140) were collected between November 2018 and November 2019. Frozen tumor tissues and plasma were used to measure PBRM1, BAP1, SET domain-containing 2 (SETD2), KDM5C, FOXC2, CLIP4, AQP1, DDX11, BAIAP2L1, and TMEM38B mRNA levels, and correlation with the Fuhrman grade was investigated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant association between high-grade ccRCC and SETD2 and DDX11 mRNA levels in tissues (odds ratio (b) = 0.021, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001-0.466, p = 0.014; b = 6.116, 95% CI: 1.729-21.631, p = 0.005, respectively) and plasma (b = 0.028, 95% CI 0.007-0.119, p < 0.001; b = 1.496, 95% CI: 1.187-1.885, p = 0.001, respectively). High-grade ccRCC prediction models revealed areas under the curve of 0.997 and 0.971 and diagnostic accuracies of 97.86% and 92.86% for the frozen tissue and plasma, respectively. SETD2 and DDX11 mRNA can serve as non-invasive plasma biomarkers for predicting high-grade ccRCCs. Studies with long follow-ups are needed to validate the prognostic value of these biomarkers in ccRCCs.

Migration of malleable penile prosthesis.

Penile prosthesis migration is rare. Most reported cases are migration of inflatable penile prosthesis reservoirs. We reported a case of rectal migration of malleable penile prosthesis passed out as hard bowel motion without patient recognition.