RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Aluminium (ALUM) is used as experimental and clinical adjuvant for parenteral vaccine formulation. It is also contained in anti-acid drugs like sucralfate (SUC). These anti-acids have been shown to cause sensitization to food proteins via elevation of the gastric pH. The aim of this study was to assess the oral adjuvant properties of ALUM, alone or contained in SUC, in a BALB/c mouse model. METHODS: Mice were fed SUC plus ovalbumin (OVA) and compared with groups where ALUM or proton pump inhibitors (PPI) were applied as adjuvants. The humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed on antigen-specific antibody and cytokine levels. The in vivo relevance was investigated in skin tests. RESULTS: The highest OVA-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgE antibody levels were found in mice fed with OVA/SUC, followed by OVA/ALUM-treated animals, indicating a T helper 2 (Th2) shift in both groups. Antibody levels in other groups revealed lower (OVA/PPI-group) or baseline levels (control groups). Positive skin tests confirmed an allergic response in anti-acid or adjuvant-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show for the first time that ALUM acts as a Th2-adjuvant via the oral route. This suggests that orally applied SUC leads to an enhanced risk for food allergy, not only by inhibiting peptic digestion but also by acting as a Th2-adjuvant by its ALUM content.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Compostos de Alúmen/efeitos adversos , Antiácidos/efeitos adversos , Hipersensibilidade Alimentar/etiologia , Sucralfato/efeitos adversos , Administração Oral , Animais , Feminino , Determinação da Acidez Gástrica , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Interferon gama/biossíntese , Interleucina-5/biossíntese , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Ovalbumina/imunologia , Testes Cutâneos , Células Th2/imunologiaRESUMO
Between 1969 and 1990, 119 patients underwent operations for aneurysmatic disease of the thoracic aorta in our department: 63 patients suffered from an aneurysm of the ascending aorta, 32 from an acute dissection (26 Type A, 6 Type B), 2 from an isolated aneurysm of the arch, 10 from an aneurysm of the descending aorta and 12 had a traumatic rupture of the aorta. The death rate due to operations for aneurysms of the thoracic aorta and acute type A dissections was clearly lowered. In case of an acute type A dissection emergency intervention is indicated; in acute type B dissection primarily conservative treatment.