Functional Relevance of Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Long Non-Coding and Circular RNAs in Cancer Angiogenesis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are defined as subcellular structures limited by a bilayer lipid membrane that function as important intercellular communication by transporting active biomolecules, such as proteins, amino acids, metabolites, and nucleic acids, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). These cargos can effectively be delivered to target cells and induce a highly variable response. LncRNAs are functional RNAs composed of at least 200 nucleotides that do not code for proteins. Nowadays, lncRNAs and circRNAs are known to play crucial roles in many biological processes, including a plethora of diseases including cancer. Growing evidence shows an active presence of lnc- and circRNAs in EVs, generating downstream responses that ultimately affect cancer progression by many mechanisms, including angiogenesis. Moreover, many studies have revealed that some tumor cells promote angiogenesis by secreting EVs, which endothelial cells can take up to induce new vessel formation. In this review, we aim to summarize the bioactive roles of EVs with lnc- and circRNAs as cargo and their effect on cancer angiogenesis. Also, we discuss future clinical strategies for cancer treatment based on current knowledge of circ- and lncRNA-EVs.

Functional Relevance of the Long Intergenic Non-Coding RNA Regulator of Reprogramming (Linc-ROR) in Cancer Proliferation, Metastasis, and Drug Resistance.

Cancer is responsible for more than 10 million deaths every year. Metastasis and drug resistance lead to a poor survival rate and are a major therapeutic challenge. Substantial evidence demonstrates that an increasing number of long non-coding RNAs are dysregulated in cancer, including the long intergenic non-coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming (linc-ROR), which mostly exerts its role as an onco-lncRNA acting as a competing endogenous RNA that sequesters micro RNAs. Although the properties of linc-ROR in relation to some cancers have been reviewed in the past, active research appends evidence constantly to a better comprehension of the role of linc-ROR in different stages of cancer. Moreover, the molecular details and some recent papers have been omitted or partially reported, thus the importance of this review aimed to contribute to the up-to-date understanding of linc-ROR and its implication in cancer tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. As the involvement of linc-ROR in cancer is elucidated, an improvement in diagnostic and prognostic tools could promote and advance in targeted and specific therapies in precision oncology.

Cell viability and physicochemical effects of different concentrations of bismuth trioxide in a mineral trioxide aggregate cement.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of three concentrations of bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) on the biological and physicochemical properties of an experimental mineral trioxide aggregate-type (MTA-type) cement at different time points. METHODS: Three experimental groups with white Portland cement containing 15, 20, or 25 wt% of Bi2O3 were assessed. Cellular proliferation in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts was evaluated with an MTT assay. Radiopacity, dimensional stability, pH, and compressive strength were evaluated at different time points. RESULTS: Bismuth trioxide induced cell proliferation in the Bi15 and Bi25 groups in a time-dependent manner; pH was similar in all groups. Compressive strength was associated with time and bismuth concentration. Bi25 had significantly contracted at day 7 and expanded at day 14 (ANOVA P < 0.05, post hoc Tukey test P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A higher Bi2O3 concentration had a negative effect on the physical properties of the cement at all time points.

Selecting the best candidates for resurrecting extinct-in-the-wild plants from herbaria.

Resurrecting extinct species is a fascinating and challenging idea for scientists and the general public. Whereas some theoretical progress has been made for animals, the resurrection of extinct plants (de-extinction sensu lato) is a relatively recently discussed topic. In this context, the term 'de-extinction' is used sensu lato to refer to the resurrection of 'extinct in the wild' species from seeds or tissues preserved in herbaria, as we acknowledge the current impossibility of knowing a priori whether a herbarium seed is alive and can germinate. In plants, this could be achieved by germinating or in vitro tissue-culturing old diaspores such as seeds or spores available in herbarium specimens. This paper reports the first list of plant de-extinction candidates based on the actual availability of seeds in herbarium specimens of globally extinct plants. We reviewed globally extinct seed plants using online resources and additional literature on national red lists, resulting in a list of 361 extinct taxa. We then proposed a method of prioritizing candidates for seed-plant de-extinction from diaspores found in herbarium specimens and complemented this with a phylogenetic approach to identify species that may maximize evolutionarily distinct features. Finally, combining data on seed storage behaviour and longevity, as well as specimen age in the novel 'best de-extinction candidate' score (DEXSCO), we identified 556 herbarium specimens belonging to 161 extinct species with available seeds. We expect that this list of de-extinction candidates and the novel approach to rank them will boost research efforts towards the first-ever plant de-extinction.

Modelo logístico de factores asociados al Síndrome de Burnout en el personal de salud / Logistic model of factors associated with Burnout Syndrome in health personnel

Introducción: La carga de trabajo excesiva en el personal de salud, debido a la pandemia del COVID-19 ha generado la presencia del Síndrome de Burnout. El propósito de este estudio fue determinar un modelo logístico para los factores asociados a las dimensiones del Síndrome de Burnout en el personal de salud, durante la pandemia COVID-19, en Trujillo - Perú. Método: Se aplicó un diseño transversal, correlacional; se utilizó el cuestionario estandarizado del inventario de Burnout de Maslach aplicado virtualmente, que mide: agotamiento emocional, despersonalización y realización personal, la muestra estuvo conformada por 143 profesionales de salud de los establecimientos de la Micro red de Trujillo y de El Seguro Social de Salud (ESSALUD), Resultados: El 24,5% de profesionales de la salud tienen un nivel de agotamiento emocional alto, 27,3% nivel de despersonalización alto y 39,9% nivel de realización personal bajo. El estado civil, ingreso familiar, tipo de institución donde labora, la edad y el número de hijos se asocian al nivel de agotamiento emocional (p<0,05). El sexo, la profesión, tipo de institución, edad y número de hijos se asocian al nivel de despersonalización (p<0,05). El tipo de institución y la edad se asocian al nivel de realización personal (p<0,05).Conclusiones: El modelo logístico ordinal propuesto indica el 69,2% de éxito en nivel de agotamiento emocional, el 60,8% de éxito para el nivel de despersonalización y el 58,7% con el modelo para nivel de realización personal. (AU)

Introduction: Excessive workload in health personnel, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, has generated the presence of Burnout Syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine a logistic model for the factors associated with the dimensions of Burnout Syndrome in health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic in Trujillo - Peru. Method: A cross-sectional, correlational design was applied. The standardized Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was used and applied virtually. It measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal fulfillment. The sample consisted of 143 health professionals from the Trujillo Micro-network and Social Health Insurance establishments (ESSALUD). Results: 24.5% of health professionals have a high level of emotional exhaustion, 27.3% a high level of depersonalization and 39.9% a low level of personal fulfillment. Marital status, family income, type of institution where they work, age and number of children are associated with the level of emotional exhaustion (p<0.05). Gender, profession, type of institution, age and number of children are associated with the level of depersonalization (p<0.05). The type of institution and age are associated with the level of personal fulfillment (p<0.05). Conclusions: The proposed ordinal logistic model indicates 69.2% success in emotional exhaustion level, 60.8% success for depersonalization level and 58.7% with the model for personal fulfillment level. (AU)

Validez e invariancia factorial del índice de bienestar general (WHO-5 WBI) en universitarios peruanos / Validity and Factorial Invariance of the General Well-Being Index (WHO-5 WBI) in Peruvian University Students / Validade e invariância fatorial do Índice Geral de Bem-Estar (WHO-5 WBI) em universitários peruanos

Resumen Introducción: actualmente, existe un mayor interés por el estudio del bienestar, debido a su importancia en el desarrollo y evaluación de políticas en salud a favor de la población en general. Por lo tanto, se hace necesaria una medición válida y confiable del bienestar. En este contexto, el estudio evaluó las evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura interna, confiabilidad e invarianza factorial por sexo del índice de Bienestar General (WHO-5 WBI). Materiales y métodos: participaron 499 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Trujillo (Perú) de sexo femenino (n = 271) y masculino (n = 228). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, confiabilidad por consistencia interna e invarianza factorial por sexo mediante un análisis multigrupo. Resultados: el análisis factorial confirmatorio indicó que el modelo unidimensional de cinco ítems con errores correlacionados de los ítems 1 y 4 presentaba un buen ajuste (X2 = 9.667 [gl = 4]; p > 0.05; X2/gl = 2.416; CFI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.053 [IC90 % : 0.006-0.097]; SRMR = 0.018). Además, se reportó una confiabilidad aceptable (ω = 0.758) e invariancia factorial por sexo. Conclusión: el WHO-5 WBI demostró evidencia empírica a favor de la validez basada en la estructura interna, confiabilidad de las puntuaciones e invariancia factorial, que permiten contar con un instrumento útil y rápido para la medición del bienestar subjetivo en estudiantes universitarios.

Abstract Introduction: Owing to its importance in the development and evaluation of health policies in favor of the general population, there is currently a greater interest in the study of well-being. Therefore, a valid and reliable measurement of well-being is necessary. In this context, this study evaluated the evidence of validity based on the internal structure, reliability, and factor invariance by sex of the General Well-Being Index (WHO-5 WBI). Materials and Methods: A total of 499 university students (female = 271; male = 228) from the city of Trujillo, Peru, participated in the study. A confirmatory factor analysis, reliability by internal consistency, and factor invariance by sex were performed using a multigroup analysis. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the 5-dimensional model with 5 correlated errors of items 1 and 4 presented a good fit (X2 =9.667 [gl = 4], p > 0.05; X2/gl = 2.416; CFI = 0.994; RMSEA = 0.053 [IC90% 0.006-0.097]; SRMR = 0.018). In addition, acceptable reliability (ω = 0.758) and factor invariance by sex were reported. Conclusion: The WHO-5 WBI demonstrated empirical evidence in favor of validity based on internal structure, reliability of scores, and factor invariance that allow for a useful and rapid instrument for measuring subjective well-being in university students.

Resumo Introdução: atualmente existe um maior interesse pelo estudo do bem-estar, devido à sua importância no desenvolvimento e avaliação de políticas em saúde a favor da população em geral. Portanto, se faz necessária uma medição válida e confiável do bem-estar. Neste contexto, o estudo avaliou as evidências de validade baseada na estrutura interna, confiabilidade e invariância fatorial por sexo do Índice Geral de Bem-Estar (WHO-5 WBI). Materiais e métodos: participaram 499 estudantes universitários da cidade de Trujillo (Peru) de sexo feminino (n = 271) e masculino (n = 228). Se realizou uma análise fatorial confir-matória, confiabilidade por consistência interna e invariância fatorial por sexo mediante uma análise multigrupo. Resultados: a análise fatorial confirmatória indicou que o modelo unidimensional de cinco itens com erros correlacionados dos itens 1 e 4, apresentava um bom ajuste (X2 = 9,667 [gl = 4], p > 0,05; X2/gl = 2,416; CFI = 0,994; RMSEA = 0,053 [IC90% 0,006-0,097]; SRMR = 0,018). Além disso, se reportou uma confiabilidade aceitável (ω = 0,758) e invariância fatorial por sexo. Conclusão: se conclui que o WHO-5 WBI demostrou evidência empírica a favor da validade baseada na estrutura interna, confiabilidade das pontuações e invariância fatorial que permitem contar com um instrumento útil e rápido para a medição do bem-estar subjetivo em estudantes universitários.

Evidencias psicométricas de una versión breve de la Coping Humor Scale en adultos mayores peruanos / Psychometric evidence of a brief version of the Coping Humor Scale in elderly peruvians

Introducción: El humor tiene un papel importante en la promoción de un envejecimiento exitoso y saludable. Sin embargo, su estudio científico es aún limitado, en parte debido a la ausencia de medidas validadas para su uso en el ámbito latinoamericano. El objetivo del estudio fue traducir al español y examinar las evidencias de fiabilidad y validez basadas en la estructura interna, convergente y discriminante de la versión peruana de la Coping with Humor Scale-5 ítems. Materiales y métodos: Los participantes fueron 236 adultos mayores peruanos (78,4% mujeres y 21,6% hombres) con un promedio de edad de 72,8 años (DE = 6,90). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio, análisis de correlación (r) y fiabilidad (alfa; alfa de cronbach y omega; omega). Resultados: El modelo unidimensional presentó un ajuste adecuado de los datos (χ2 = 7,72, df = 5, p = 0,17, χ2/df = 1,54, GFI =0,988, CFI =0,996, NFI = 0,988; RMSEA = 0,048 [IC90% 0,000, 0,111]; y SRMR = 0,016). Los índices de fiabilidad son adecuados (alfa= 0,86 [IC95%: 0,82-0,89] y omega = 0,89 [IC95%: 0,87-0,91]). Se observa una correlación positiva entre la puntuación promedio de la CHS-5 y la satisfacción con la vida, y negativa con la depresión. Conclusiones: La CHS-5 presenta excelentes propiedades psicométricas, siendo una medida que brinda interpretaciones válidas y confiables para ser utilizada en adultos mayores peruanos

Introduction: Humour plays an important role in promoting successful and healthy aging. However, its scientific study is still limited, partly due to the absence of validated tools for use in Latin America. The objective of this study was to translate the 5-item Coping with Humor Scale (CHS-5) from English to Spanish and examine the evidence of reliability and validity based on the internal, convergent, and discriminant structure of the Peruvian version of the scale. Materials and method: The participants were 236 elderly Peruvian adults (78.4% A confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of correlation (r), and reliability (alfa, Cronbach's alpha and omega, omega) was performed. Results: The one-dimensional model presented an adequate fit of the data (χ2 = 7.72, df =5, P=.17, χ2 / df = 1.54, GFI = 0.988, CFI = 0.996, NFI = 0.988, RMSEA =0. 048 [95% CI; 0.000-0.111]; and SRMR = 0.016). The reliability indexes were adequate (alfa= 0.86 [95% CI: 0.82-0.89] and omega = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.87-0.91]). A positive correlation was observed between the mean score of CHS-5 and satisfaction with life, and was negative with depression. Conclusions: The CHS-5 has excellent psychometric properties, being a measure that provides valid and reliable interpretations to be used in elderly Peruvians with depression

Gradientes de idoneidad para impulsar la mejora continua de campos clínicos utilizados en programas de Especialidades Médicas en México / Suitability of a gradient scale to promote for continuous improvement in clinical sites used in Mexican Medical Specialties

OBJETIVO: Desarrollar una metodología de evaluación de campos clínicos mediante la percepción de los médicos residentes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se identificaron 20 variables, que se agruparon en cuatro categorías: 1) profesor tutor; 2) organización hospitalaria; 3) complementos educativos, y 4) opinión global. RESULTADOS: Se diseñó y validó una herramienta y escala de gradientes de idoneidad, encontrando el nivel de idoneidad aceptable en el 55% de los campos clínicos, en contraste con un 45% ubicado en el nivel no aceptable. CONCLUSIÓN: Esta herramienta permitió medir y comparar por gradientes la calidad de los campos clínicos para entrenamiento de los médicos residentes

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for the evaluation of clinical sites through the perspective of medical residents. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A set of 20 variables were selected and grouped into the following categories: (I) teaching staff; (II) hospital organisation; (III) educational program, and (IV)overall opinion. RESULTS: A gradient scale of the suitability of the clinical site was designed, and validated, with 55% of the clinical sites being at an acceptable level and 45% being unacceptable below. CONCLUSION: This tool permitted the quality of the clinical sites used by the medical residents to be measured using a gradient scale

[Psychometric evidence of a brief version of the Coping Humor Scale in elderly peruvians]. / Evidencias psicométricas de una versión breve de la Coping Humor Scale en adultos mayores peruanos.

INTRODUCTION: Humour plays an important role in promoting successful and healthy aging. However, its scientific study is still limited, partly due to the absence of validated tools for use in Latin America. The objective of this study was to translate the 5-item Coping with Humor Scale (CHS-5) from English to Spanish and examine the evidence of reliability and validity based on the internal, convergent, and discriminant structure of the Peruvian version of the scale. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The participants were 236 elderly Peruvian adults (78.4% A confirmatory factor analysis, analysis of correlation (r), and reliability (α, Cronbach's alpha and ω, omega) was performed. RESULTS: The one-dimensional model presented an adequate fit of the data (χ2 = 7.72, df =5, P=.17, χ2 / df = 1.54, GFI = 0.988, CFI = 0.996, NFI = 0.988, RMSEA =0. 048 [95% CI; 0.000-0.111]; and SRMR = 0.016). The reliability indexes were adequate (α= 0.86 [95% CI: 0.82-0.89] and ω = 0.89 [95% CI: 0.87-0.91]). A positive correlation was observed between the mean score of CHS-5 and satisfaction with life, and was negative with depression. CONCLUSIONS: The CHS-5 has excellent psychometric properties, being a measure that provides valid and reliable interpretations to be used in elderly Peruvians with depression.

Evidencias psicométricas iniciales de la escala de autoeficacia para envejecer (EAEE) en adultos mayores peruanos / Evidence psychometric initial of the scale of self-efficacy for aging (EAEE) in peruvian elderly

Resumen El estudio examina las evidencias psicométricas de la Escala de Autoeficacia para Envejecer (EAEE) en una muestra de 400 adultos mayores (75.2% mujeres y 24.8% hombres) de la ciudad de Trujillo (Perú) con una edad promedio de 73.37 años (DE = 7.86). Los participantes completaron la EAEE junto con medidas de satisfacción con la vida y depresión. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), reveló que la EAEE presentaba una estructura factorial unidimensional. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), mostró que el modelo unidimensional tenía un ajuste aceptable (S-Bχ2 = 54.02, df = 345 p = .001; S-Bχ2/df = 1.54; CFI = .97; RMSEA = .052 [IC90% .021, .078]; y SRMR = .049; AIC= 118.96) y una confiabilidad adecuada (ω = .88 [IC95% .84 - .91]; α = .88 [IC95%: .84 - .91]). Los puntajes de la EAEE se correlacionaron de manera positiva con la satisfacción con la vida (r = .56, p< .01 [IC95%: .46, .79]) y negativa con la depresión (r = -.48, p< .01 [IC95%: -.37, -.73]). Los resultados sugieren que la EAEE presenta evidencias de validez basada en la estructura interna, convergente y discriminante, así como una adecuada confiabilidad.

Abstract The study examines the psychometric evidences of the Self-Efficacy Scale for Aging (EAEE) in a sample of 400 older adults (75.2% women and 24.8% men) from the city of Trujillo (Peru) with an average age of 73.37 years (DE = 7.86). The participants completed the EAEE along with measures of life satisfaction and depression. The exploratory factor analysis (AFE) revealed that the EAEE presented a one-dimensional factorial structure. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the one-dimensional model had an acceptable fit (S-Bχ2 = 54.02, df = 345 p = .001; S-Bχ2/df = 1.54; CFI = .97; RMSEA = .052 [IC90% .021, .078]; y SRMR = .049; AIC= 118.96) and an adequate reliability (ω = .88 [IC95% .84 - .91]; α = .88 [IC95%: .84 - .91]). EAEE scores correlated positively with satisfaction with life (r = .56, p< .01 [IC95%: .46, .79]) and negative with depression (r = -.48, p< .01 [IC95%: -.37, -.73]). The results suggest that the EAEE presents evidence of validity based on the internal structure, convergent and discriminant, as well as an adequate reliability.

Evaluación de la calidad de campos clínicos para la enseñanza en pregrado en México / Assessment of the quality of clinical fields for undergraduate medical education in Mexico

INTRODUCCIÓN: La formación del alumno de medicina es dinámica y multifactorial, requiere de entrenamiento constante con los recursos necesarios bajo la tutela de un profesor clínico que le guíe a desarrollar su máximo potencial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar y validar un instrumento que permita conocer la percepción de los alumnos sobre la calidad de los campos clínicos donde participan en sus rotaciones. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal. La población participante fueron los 148 alumnos del quinto año de la carrera de medicina de una universidad privada al norte de México. Se elaboró una herramienta de 30 ítems que evalúa la calidad de los campos clínicos en tres variables: estructura, tutoría, y proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, en una escala Likert de 4 niveles que va desde 1, totalmente en desacuerdo, a 5, totalmente de acuerdo. Para el estudio se considera el análisis de ítem para evaluar la consistencia interna, así como la prueba ANOVA, prueba Tukey, y estadística descriptiva para estudiar las tendencias por factores y por servicio. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvo un alfa de Cronbach de 0,9549. La media del factor de estructura fue 3,64, la media de tutoría fue 4,03 y la de proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, 4,18. El servicio que recibió una evaluación más favorable fue Pediatría, obteniendo una diferencia significativa en los elementos de estructura (p = 0,008) y tutoría (p = 0,003). DISCUSIÓN: Aunque la media observada en la percepción de los alumnos indica un nivel adecuado de la tutoría y el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, al hacer un análisis por sede se observa una amplia variación de la calidad de enseñanza ofrecida. Como instituciones educativas esto es un foco de atención porque significa que los alumnos no adquieren ni desarrollan sus competencias de igual manera en todos los campos clínicos

INTRODUCTION: Medical student training is dynamic and multifactorial. It requires continuing education and training under the tutelage of a clinic professor, who will guide the student to develop optimal potential. The objective of this study was to design and validate a tool to measure student perception on the learning quality of clinical rotations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is quantitative, observational, descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional. The study sample was consisted of 148 fifth-year medical students from a private university in northern Mexico. A 30 item questionnaire was developed to assess quality of clinical stewardships in three variables: structure, tutoring, and teaching-learning process. A five-level Likert scale from 1, absolutely disagree, to 5, absolutely agree, was used. The study used item analysis to estimate internal consistency, as well as ANOVA, Tukey and descriptive statistics to assess the tendencies by factors and stewardship. RESULTS: Cronbach alpha was 0.9549. The structure factor mean was 3.64, tutoring 4.03, and teaching-learning process 4.18. Paediatrics received the most favourable evaluation by obtaining a significant difference in the element structure (P=.008) and tutoring (P=.003). DISCUSSION: Even though the mean observed among tutoring and teaching-learning process indicates an adequate level of student perception, under the analysis per field, a significant variation was found in the quality of learning experience. As an academic institution, this is a concern because students are not acquiring or developing the same level of skills in all stewardships

Psychometric Evidence of the Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale in Peruvian Elderly / Evidencia Psicométrica de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de Diener en adultos mayores peruanos / Evidência psicométrica da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida de Diener em Pessoas Idosas Peruanas

Abstract Introduction: In recent years, satisfaction with life has aroused the interest of gerontological research, thus being one of the most used concepts to measure subjective well-being, in addition to being an indicator of successful aging. Materials and methods: The psychometric properties of the Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale were assessed in Peruvian elderly individuals. The instrument was applied to 236 elderly from the city of Trujillo (78.4 % female and 21.6 % male), with an average age of 72.8 years old, and their standard deviation = 6.90. In order to obtain convergent and discriminant validity, the tests Single Item of Satisfaction with Life Scale, Brief Resilient Coping Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale were conducted. Results: Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale shows a one-dimensional structure (χ2 = 10.960, df = 5, p = .05, χ2/ά/ = 2.192, GFI = .983, CFI = .994, NFI = .988; RMSEA = .071 [ci 90 % .000, .129]; and SRMR = .013), presenting positive correlations with resilience and negative correlations with depression. Moreover, it presents a high reliability index estimated by the method of internal consistency with the Cronbach's Alpha Test (α = .93), Omega coefficient (ω = .93; ci 95 %: .92 -.95) and GLB = .94. Conclusion: For purposes of research -among other-, we recommend the use of the Diener's Satisfaction with Life Scale for Peruvian elderly persons.

Resumen Introducción: en los últimos años, la satisfacción con la vida ha despertado el interés de la investigación gerontológica, siendo uno de los conceptos más utilizados para medir el bienestar subjetivo, además de constituir un indicador del envejecimiento exitoso. Materiales y métodos: se evaluaron las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida de Diener en adultos mayores peruanos. Participaron 236 personas (78.40 % mujeres; 21.60 % hombres). La edad promedio fue de 72.8 años y su desviación estándar = 6.90 (desviación standard). Para obtener evidencia de validez convergente y discriminante se aplicaron la prueba de Ítem Único de Satisfacción con la Vida, la Brief Resilient Coping Scale y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica. Resultados: se encuentra que la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida muestra una estructura unidimensional (χ2 = 10.960, df = 5, p = .05, x2/df = 2.192, GFI = .983, CFI = .994, NFI = .988; RMSEA = .071 [IC 90 % .000, .129]; y SRMR = .013), se relaciona positivamente con la resiliencia y negativamente con la depresión. Además, presenta altos índices de consistencia interna (alfa = .93; ic 95 %: .90-.94; omega = .93; ic 95 %: .92-.95 y GLB =.94). Conclusión: cuando menos, para propósitos de investigación se recomienda uso de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida en adultos mayores peruanos.

Resumo Introdução: nos últimos anos, a satisfação com a vida tem despertado o interesse da investigação gerontológica, sendo um dos conceitos mais utilizados para medir o bem-estar subjetivo, para além de construir um indicador do envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Materiais e métodos: avaliaram-se as propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida de Diener em idosos peruanos. Participaram 236 pessoas (78.40% mulheres; 21.60% homens). A idade média foi de 72.8 anos e Desvio padrão = 6.90. para obter evidência de validez convergente e discriminante, se aplicaram a prova de Item Único de Satisfação com a Vida, o Brief Resilient Coping Scale e a Escala de Depressão Geriátrica. Resultados: encontra-se que a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida mostra uma estrutura unidimensional (χ2 = 10.960, df = 5, p = .05, x2/df = 2.192, GFI = .983, CFI = .994, NFI = .988; RMSEA = .071 [ic90 2% .000, .129]; e SRMR = .013), se relaciona positivamente com a resiliência e negativamente com a depressão. Para além disso, apresenta altos índices de consistência interna (alfa = .93; ic 95 %:.90-.94; omega=.93; ic 95 %: .92-.95 e GLB = .94). Conclusão: pelo menos para propósitos de pesquisa, recomenda-se o uso da Escala de Satisfação com a Vida em idosos peruanos.

Prevalence of Malocclusion and Distribution of Occlusal Characteristics in 13- to 18-year-old Adolescents Attending Selected High Schools in the Municipality of San Juan, PR (2012-2013).

OBJECTIVE: A cross-sectional study was conducted (2012-2013) to evaluate the prevalence of 1) malocclusion and 2) occlusal characteristics in 13- to 18-yearold adolescents in San Juan, Puerto Rico (PR) from selected high schools in the municipality of San Juan. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 155 adolescents. The University of Puerto Rico's IRB approved the study and consent and assent were completed for or by each participant, as applicable. A calibrated dentist performed a single-visit dental evaluation at each school. Occlusal characteristics were measured and recorded according to the criteria reported in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) and included overjet, overbite, anterior and posterior crossbites, incisor irregularity, maxillary midline diastema and Angle's classification. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed using SAS statistical software. RESULTS: The mean age of the study subjects was 16 (±1.2) years; all subjects (100%) presented at least 1 abnormal occlusal trait. The most frequent anomaly noted was maxillary malalignment (83%), followed by lower incisor irregularity and excessive overbite (79%) and excessive overjet (63%); the least common occlusal trait was open bite (1.9%). Compared by gender, no statistically significant difference was observed for any variable (p = 0.05). Seventy-three percent (73%) of the subjects presented with Class I malocclusion, 7.1% with Class II malocclusion and 19.4% with Class III malocclusion. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of malocclusion was observed in this group of adolescents, highlighting the need to implement preventive measures to improve oral health in this population.

Grading recommendations in clinical practice guidelines: randomised experimental evaluation of four different systems.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of presenting a recommendation in a clinical practice guideline using different grading systems to determine to what extent the system used changes the clinician's eventual response to a particular clinical question. DESIGN: Randomised experimental study. SETTING: Clinician offices and academic settings. PARTICIPANTS: Paediatricians and paediatric residents in private and public practice in Mexico. INTERVENTION: Case notes of a child with diarrhoea and a question about clinician preference for using racecadotril. The same evidence was provided in a clinical recommendation but with different presentations according to the following grading systems: NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence), SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network), GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) and CEBM (Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Oxford). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Mean change in direction from baseline response (measured on a 10 cm visual scale and a Likert scale) and among groups. RESULTS: 216 subjects agreed to participate. Most participants changed their decision after reading the clinical recommendations (mean difference 0.7 cm, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.0; p<0.001). By groups, mean change (95% CI) from baseline was 0.04 (-0.68 to 0.77) for NICE, 0.31 (-0.41 to 1.05) for SIGN, 2.18 (1.48 to 2.88) for GRADE and 0.08 (-0.52 to 0.69) for CEBM (p=0.007 between groups). In a final survey, a small difference was noted regarding the clarity of the results presented with the GRADE system. CONCLUSION: The clinician's decision to use a therapy was influenced most by the GRADE system. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT00940290.