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Motivation for the study. There is a gap in knowledge about vertical transmission of SARS- CoV-2 and its implications for maternal and neonatal health, despite evidence of multisystem involvement in pregnant women with COVID-19. Main findings. The study results suggest low incidence of vertical transmission during pregnancy, with only one PCR-positive case in the placenta and one asymptomatic neonate. Implications. Our results can inform strategies for prevention and management of COVID-19 in pregnant women, as well as guide the development of health policies aimed at protecting maternal and neonatal health during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to analyze the vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women with COVID-19 in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital (HNERM). Twelve pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria were included. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 were performed when each woman was admitted to the hospital, placenta samples were collected for pathological evaluation as well. The results showed that vertical transmission of the virus was rare, with an overall low positivity rate in newborns. Although the study has limitations, such as the small number of cases and the lack of electron microscope analysis, it is the first attempt to evaluate vertical transmission in Peru. It is concluded that more research is needed to better understand the relationship between COVID-19 infection and complications during pregnancy.
Se realizó un estudio en el departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) con el objetivo analizar la transmisión vertical del SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19. Se incluyeron 12 gestantes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se realizaron pruebas diagnósticas de PCR en tiempo real (RT-PCR) para SARS-CoV-2 durante la admisión de cada gestante y se recolectaron muestras de placenta para su evaluación anatomopatológica. Los resultados mostraron que la transmisión vertical del virus fue poco común, con una tasa general de positividad baja en los recién nacidos. Aunque el estudio presenta limitaciones, como el número reducido de casos y la falta de análisis con microscopio electrónico, constituye el primer intento en Perú de evaluar la transmisión vertical. Se concluye que se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor la relación entre la infección por la COVID-19 y las complicaciones durante el embarazo. Motivación para realizar el estudio. A pesar de la evidencia de una afectación multisistémica en mujeres embarazadas con la COVID-19, existe un vacío de conocimiento sobre la transmisión vertical del virus y sus implicancias en la salud materna y neonatal. Principales hallazgos. Los resultados del estudio sugieren una baja incidencia de transmisión vertical durante el embarazo, con solo un caso positivo de PCR en la placenta y un neonato asintomático. Implicancias. Este resultado pueden informar las estrategias de prevención y manejo de la COVID-19 en mujeres embarazadas, así como guiar el desarrollo de políticas sanitarias dirigidas a proteger la salud materna y neonatal durante la pandemia.
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COVID-19 , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Humanos , COVID-19/transmissão , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Feminino , Gravidez , Peru/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Adulto , Recém-Nascido , Adulto Jovem , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19RESUMO
The evaluation of the photocatalytic properties of electrospun TiO2 nanofibres (TiO2-NFs) synthesised in the same experimental conditions using two distinct precursors, tetraisopropyl orthotitanate (TTIP) and tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TNBT), with morphology and crystalline structure controlled by annealing at 460 °C for 3 h is presented. The presence of circular-shaped TiO2-NFs was corroborated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the chemical binding energies and their interactions of the TiO2 with the different incorporated impurities were determined; the most intense photoelectronic transitions of Ti 2p3/2 (458.39 eV), O 1 s (529.65 eV) and C 1 s (284.51 eV) were detected for TTIP and slightly blue-shifted for TNBT. By using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), the chemical element percentages in TiO2 were determined. Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that the annealed electrospun TiO2-NFs presented the anatase crystalline phase and confirmed by Raman scattering. Bandgap energies were determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy at room temperature. The photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide under exposure to ultraviolet light was studied using the TiO2-NFs obtained with the two molecular precursors. The results showed that the catalyst, prepared with the TTIP precursor, turned out to be the one that presented the highest photocatalytic activity with a half-life time (t1/2) of 28 min and a degradation percentage of 93%. The total organic carbon (TOC) in the solutions resulting from the 2,4-D degradation by the TiO2-NFs was measured, which showed a TOC removal of 50.67% for the TTIP sample and 36.14% for the TNBT sample. Finally, by using FTIR spectroscopy, the final chemical compounds of the degradation were identified as H2O and CO2.
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Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético , Nanofibras , Titânio , Titânio/química , Nanofibras/química , Ácido 2,4-Diclorofenoxiacético/química , CatáliseRESUMO
The EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the use of high-expansion foam for stunning and killing pigs and poultry. A dossier was provided by the applicant as the basis for an assessment of the extent to which the method is able to provide a level of animal welfare at least equivalent to that ensured by the currently allowed methods for pigs and poultry. According to legislation, to be approved in the EU, new stunning methods must ensure (1) the absence of pain, distress or suffering until the onset of unconsciousness, and (2) that the animal remains unconscious until death. An ad hoc Working Group set up by EFSA performed the assessment as follows: (1) The data provided were checked against the criteria laid down in the EFSA Guidance (EFSA, 2018), and was found to partially fulfil those criteria; (2) extensive literature search; (3) data extraction for quantitative assessment; (4) qualitative exercise based on non-formal expert elicitation. The assessment led to conclude that it is more likely than not (certainty > 50%-100%) that high-expansion foam for stunning and killing pigs and poultry, named NEFS in container (Nitrogen Expansion Foam Stunning in container), provides a level of welfare at least equivalent to one or more of the currently allowed methods listed in Annex I of Council Regulation (EC) No 1099/2009. The overall assessment of EFSA is valid only under the technical conditions described in this Opinion for laying hens, broiler chickens of all age and pigs weighing 15-41 kg in situations other than slaughter. The overall assessment of EFSA is that NEFS can be suitable for depopulation using containers for pig and poultry farms respecting the technical conditions and the categories and types of animals defined in this Scientific Opinion.
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Sheep and goats of different ages may have to be killed on-farm for purposes other than slaughter (where slaughter is defined as killing for human consumption) either individually (i.e. on-farm killing of unproductive, injured or terminally ill animals) or on a large scale (i.e. depopulation for disease control purposes and for other situations, such as environmental contamination and disaster management) outside the slaughterhouses. The purpose of this opinion was to assess the hazards and welfare consequences associated with the on-farm killing of sheep and goats. The whole killing procedure was divided into Phase 1 (pre-killing) - that included the processes (i) handling and moving the animals to the killing place and (ii) restraint of the animals before application of the killing methods and Phase 2 - that included stunning and killing of the animals. The killing methods for sheep and goats were grouped into three categories: (1) mechanical, (2) electrical and (3) lethal injection. Welfare consequences that sheep and goats may experience during each process were identified (e.g. handling stress, restriction of movements and tissue lesions during restraint) and animal-based measures (ABMs) to assess them were proposed. During application of the killing method, sheep and goats will experience pain and fear if they are ineffectively stunned or if they recover consciousness. ABMs related to the state of consciousness can be used to indirectly assess pain and fear. Flowcharts including ABMs for consciousness specific to each killing method were included in the opinion. Possible welfare hazards were identified for each process, together with their origin and related preventive and corrective measures. Outcome tables linking hazards, welfare consequences, ABMs, origins, preventive and corrective measures were developed for each process. Mitigation measures to minimise welfare consequences were proposed.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether adenomyosis is present in the cornual portion of hysterectomies of symptomatic sterilization device users and in patients hysterectomized for different benign causes and who presented with pelvic pain and/or menstrual alterations. METHODS: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional, single-center, retrospective cohort study was conducted in a secondary level hospital. Cohort 1 consisted of women who had Essure® hysteroscopic sterilization devices inserted between 2009 and 2017, who developed gynecologic symptoms (pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, and/or abnormal uterine bleeding) and who underwent a hysterectomy for explantation of the devices. Cohort 2 consisted of women with the same gynecologic symptoms, who underwent a hysterectomy for other benign causes. All surgeries were performed by the gynecology team between 2018 and 2022. A descriptive and comparative analysis of sociodemographic, clinical characteristics, and pathologic findings between cohorts was made. RESULTS: In total, 96 patients were studied (cohort 1 included 34 women, cohort 2 included 62 women). Pelvic pain was found to be more frequent in the cohort of Essure users (76.47% vs. 50%, P = 0.012), with a ratio of three times higher in this group (odds ratio 3.25, 95% confidence interval 1.27-8.28). Adenomyosis was more frequently found in the Essure group, both at corporal and cornual portions, the latter being five times higher in this cohort (relative risk = 5.47; 95% confidence interval 1.17-25.64). CONCLUSIONS: The present study may be the first to describe cornual adenomyosis related to Essure devices. These devices may play a role in the development of adenomyosis and, consequently, pelvic pain. However, causality is difficult to establish.
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The isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv) from clinical samples is the gold standard for confirming cases of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, an important cause of infertility in cattle and a potential public health concern. Furthermore, isolation is also necessary for the development of autologous vaccines, characterization of strains for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, etc. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of culture methods is usually low, and there is no standardized protocol to maximize the recovery of Cfv from clinical samples. The aim of the current study is to design a protocol for the culture of Cfv from preputial samples by evaluating the combination of different transport, enrichment and culture media considering the impact of certain factors (time between collection and enrichment, temperature, and use of filters). The use of modified Lander's transport medium and storing the sample for 24 h at 21 ± 2 °C led to the highest recovery of Cfv CFUs. In contrast, the storage of the samples during 24-48 h in PBS and Thomann rarely allowed the recovery of Cfv regardless of the temperature. The enrichment medium yielding the best results was Preston (significantly higher recovery than Brucella medium), while Cfv could not be isolated with Bolton. Regarding our diagnostic assay (using Lander as transport medium and Preston as enrichment medium), the best protocol in terms of maximizing Cfv recovery as well as limiting contaminations is to culture the samples in i) solid media Preston or Skirrow, and ii) using 0.65 µm filters and incubating plates at 37 °C in microaerophilic conditions.
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Infecções por Campylobacter , Campylobacter fetus , Meios de Cultura , Temperatura , Animais , Bovinos , Meios de Cultura/química , Campylobacter fetus/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Infecções por Campylobacter/veterinária , Infecções por Campylobacter/microbiologia , Infecções por Campylobacter/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Bovinos/microbiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/diagnóstico , Fatores de Tempo , Manejo de Espécimes/veterinária , Manejo de Espécimes/métodos , Técnicas Bacteriológicas/veterináriaRESUMO
We recorded current-time (i-t) profiles for oxidizing ferrocyanide (FCN) while spherical yeast cells of radius (rc ≈ 2 µm) collided with disk ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) of increasing radius (re ≈ 12-45 µm). Collision signals appear as minority steps and majority blips of decreased current overlayed on the i-t baseline when cells block ferrocyanide flux (JFCN). We assigned steps to adsorption events and blips to bouncing collisions or contactless passages. Yeast cells exhibit impact signals of long duration (Δt ≈ 15-40 s) likely due to sedimentation. We assume cells travel a threshold distance (T) to generate collision signals of duration Δt. Thus, T represents a distance from the UME surface, at which cell perturbations on JFCN blend in with the UME noise level. To determine T, we simulated the UME current, while placing the cell at increasing distal points from the UME surface until matching the bare UME current. T-Values at 90°, 45°, and 0° from the UME edge and normal to the center were determined to map out T-regions in different experimental conditions. We estimated average collision velocities using the formula T/Δt, and mimicked cells entering and leaving T-regions at the same angle. Despite such oversimplification, our analysis yields average velocities compatible with rigorous transport models and matches experimental current steps and blips. We propose that single-cells encode collision dynamics into i-t signals only when cells move inside the sensitive T-region, because outside, perturbations of JFCN fall within the noise level set by JFCN and rc/re (experimentally established). If true, this notion will enable selecting conditions to maximize sensitivity in stochastic blocking electrochemistry. We also exploited the long Δt recorded here for yeast cells, which was undetectable for the fast microbeads used in early pioneering work. Because Δt depends on transport, it provides another analytical parameter besides current for characterizing slow-moving cells like yeast.
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Ferrocianetos/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Microeletrodos , OxirreduçãoRESUMO
Selecting appropriate diagnostic methods that take account of the type of vaccine used is important when implementing a vaccination programme against highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). If vaccination is effective, a decreased viral load is expected in the samples used for diagnosis, making molecular methods with high sensitivity the best choice. Although serological methods can be reasonably sensitive, they may produce results that are difficult to interpret. In addition to routine molecular monitoring, it is recommended to conduct viral isolation, genetic sequencing and phenotypic characterisation of any HPAI virus detected in vaccinated flocks to detect escape mutants early. Following emergency vaccination, various surveillance options based on virological testing of dead birds ('bucket sampling') at defined intervals were assessed to be effective for early detection of HPAIV and prove disease freedom in vaccinated populations. For ducks, virological or serological testing of live birds was assessed as an effective strategy. This surveillance could be also applied in the peri-vaccination zone on vaccinated establishments, while maintaining passive surveillance in unvaccinated chicken layers and turkeys, and weekly bucket sampling in unvaccinated ducks. To demonstrate disease freedom with > 99% confidence and to detect HPAI virus sufficiently early following preventive vaccination, monthly virological testing of all dead birds up to 15 per flock, coupled with passive surveillance in both vaccinated and unvaccinated flocks, is recommended. Reducing the sampling intervals increases the sensitivity of early detection up to 100%. To enable the safe movement of vaccinated poultry during emergency vaccination, laboratory examinations in the 72 h prior to the movement can be considered as a risk mitigation measure, in addition to clinical inspection; sampling results from existing surveillance activities carried out in these 72 h could be used. In this Opinion, several schemes are recommended to enable the safe movement of vaccinated poultry following preventive vaccination.
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Paratuberculosis (PTB) and tuberculosis (TB) are two mycobacterial diseases with a severe economic and health impact on domestic ruminants. The ante mortem diagnosis of PTB is hampered, among other factors, by the limited sensitivity of all the available diagnostic techniques. Since TB-infected goats subjected to the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT) may experience a booster effect on their antibody titer and a potential enhancement to the sensitivity of humoral techniques for tuberculosis, in the present study we aimed to evaluate this diagnostic strategy on the humoral diagnosis of PTB in serum and milk samples collected from a caprine herd that was TB free and PTB infected. The results from 120 goats indicated a significant increase (p < 0.001) in the quantitative response detected using an ELISA technique, conducted using serum and milk samples taken 15 and 30 days after performing a CITT (day 0 of the study); although, it did not translate into a significant increase in the number of reactors during any of the testing events (0, 3,15, 30 and 60 days post-CITT). Additionally, the number of ELISA-positive animals was higher for the serum versus the milk samples at both 15 and 30 days post-CITT. The increase in the quantitative ELISA result suggested a diagnostic strategy that maximizes ELISA sensitivity, mainly using serum samples, in PTB-infected herds; although, it may depend on individual differences and the interpretation criteria.
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INTRODUCTION: Although a number of pathophysiological aspects of childhood obesity have been reported, few information are available on obesity-related cardiac organ damage. AIM: The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of anthropometric, blood pressure (BP) and metabolic variable on cardiac structure and function in youth. METHODS: In 78 subjects aged 5-16 years attending the outpatient clinic of cardiovascular risk (Valencia, Spain) anthropometric and metabolic variables, clinic and ambulatory BP and echocardiographic parameters were assessed. Subjects were also classified according to the presence of insulin resistance. RESULTS: Subjects mean age (± SD) amounted to 12.03 ± 2.4 years and males to 53.8%. Ten subjects were normoweight, 11 overweight, 39 obese, and 18 severely obese. No significant difference in office and ambulatory BP was detected among different bodyweight groups. A significant direct correlation was observed between left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and obesity markers [body mass index (BMI): r = 0.38, waist circumference (WC): r = 0.46, P < 0.04 for both]. Left ventricular hypertrophy, relative wall thickness and left atrial diameter were significantly related to BMI and WC. In contrast, office and ambulatory BP were unrelated to other variables, and differences in LVMI among different BP phenotypes were not significant. When partitioning the population by insulin resistance, LVMI, adjusted for confounders, was significantly greater in the insulin-resistant group. CONCLUSIONS: In children and adolescents characterized by different body weight patterns, weight factors "per se" and the related insulin resistance state appear to represent the main determinants of LVMI and left ventricular hypertrophy, independently on BP values and BP phenotypes.
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Pressão Sanguínea , Índice de Massa Corporal , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda , Resistência à Insulina , Obesidade Infantil , Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Feminino , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Obesidade Infantil/diagnóstico , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Obesidade Infantil/complicações , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/fisiopatologia , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/diagnóstico por imagem , Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda/etiologia , Pré-Escolar , Fatores Etários , Espanha/epidemiologia , Função Ventricular Esquerda , Remodelação Ventricular , Circunferência da Cintura , Medição de Risco , Fatores de Risco , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Caprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. TB eradication programs in goats are based on the single and comparative intradermal tuberculin tests (SITT and CITT, respectively). Antibody-based diagnostic techniques have emerged as potential diagnostic tools for TB. P22 ELISA has been previously evaluated using samples collected after the intradermal tuberculin tests to maximize the sensitivity, a phenomenon known as booster effect. However, there is no information available on whether the use of this diagnostic strategy could lead to a decrease of its specificity (Sp). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the interference effect of a recent CITT on the Sp of the P22 ELISA in serum and milk samples collected at different times after the CITT from a TB-free herd (n = 113). The number of reactors to P22 ELISA was significantly higher (p < 0.01) on serum samples collected 15 days post-CITT compared to day 0, showing a decrease in Sp from 99.1% (95% CI; 95.2-99.8%) to 88.5% (95% CI; 81.3-93.2%). The number of reactors and the quantitative values of P22 ELISA were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in serum samples compared to milk. No significant (p > 0.05) changes in the Sp of the P22 ELISA were observed throughout the different time samplings using milk No significant (p > 0.05) changes were observed on days 30 and 60 post-CITT. In conclusion, the booster effect strategy may significantly decrease the Sp of P22 ELISA in TB-free herds when serum samples are used but not when milk is tested.
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OBJECTIVES: While an increase in the levels of MDR in Salmonella enterica sevorar Choleraesuis has been reported in Europe, little is known about the situation in Spain. Therefore, we first aimed to assess the phenotypic resistance profile and to determine the presence of genetic determinants of resistance of S. Choleraesuis isolates collected in animal and human. Our second objective was to identify and characterize clusters of highly related isolates. METHODS: We analysed 50 human and 45 animal isolates retrieved from 2006 to 2021 using the disc diffusion method and performed WGS followed by analyses of genetic determinants and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: All isolates were of ST145 and corresponded to the variant Kunzendorf. Swine isolates harboured a significantly higher number of antimicrobial resistance genes than human isolates, and often carried plasmid replicons of the IncHI2/IncHI2A type (42% of all animal isolates). In addition, we identified several MDR S. Choleraesuis strains circulating in humans and swine between 2006 and 2021. The phylogenetic analyses identified four clades associated with specific patterns of resistance genes and plasmid replicons. The clades also included isolates that differed in terms of year and region of isolation as well as host of origin. CONCLUSIONS: This One Health approach highlights that reducing human MDR S. Choleraesuis infections may require the adoption of strategies that not only seek to prevent cases in humans but also to characterize and reduce the infection burden in swine.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Salmonelose Animal , Salmonella enterica , Salmonella , Humanos , Suínos , Animais , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Sorogrupo , Filogenia , Salmonelose Animal/epidemiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genéticaRESUMO
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are considered a relevant cause of non-specific reactions to the most widely applied bovine tuberculosis (bTB) test, the intradermal tuberculin test. In order to establish which NTM species might act as a potential source of such diagnostic interference, a collection of 373 isolates obtained from skin test positive cows from 359 officially tuberculosis-free (OTF) herds, culled in the framework of the bTB eradication campaign in Spain, were identified at the species level through PCR and Sanger sequencing of the 16S rDNA, hsp65 and rpoB genes. Of the 308 isolates for which a reliable identification was achieved, 32 different mycobacterial species were identified, with certain species being most represented: among M. avium complex members (n = 142, 46.1%), M. avium subsp. hominissuis (98; 69.0%) was the most abundant followed by M. avium subsp. avium (33, 23.2%), and M. intracellulare (7, 4.9%). Among non-MAC members (n = 166, 53.9%), M. nonchromogenicum (85; 27.6%) and M. bourgelatii (11; 5.6%) were the predominant species. In addition, mixed results were obtained in 53 isolates presenting up to 30 different genotypes, which could be indicative of new mycobacterial species. Our results represent a first step toward characterizing the diversity of NTM species that could interfere with official diagnostic tests for bTB eradication in Spain.
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In people living with HIV, Kaposi Sarcoma (KS), a vascular neoplasm caused by KS herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8), remains one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Individuals living with HIV, receiving otherwise effective antiretroviral therapy, may present with extensive disease requiring chemotherapy. Hence, new therapeutic approaches are needed. The Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) protein is overexpressed and associated with poor prognosis in several hematologic and solid malignancies and has shown promise as an immunotherapeutic target. We found that WT1 was overexpressed in >90% of a total 333 KS biopsies, as determined by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Our largest cohort from ACTG, consisting of 294 cases was further analyzed demonstrating higher WT1 expression was associated with more advanced histopathologic subtypes. There was a positive correlation between the proportion of infected cells within KS tissues, assessed by expression of the KSHV-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA), and WT1 positivity. Areas with high WT1 expression showed sparse T-cell infiltrates, consistent with an immune evasive tumor microenvironment. We show that major oncogenic isoforms of WT1 are overexpressed in primary KS tissue and observed WT1 upregulation upon de novo infection of endothelial cells with KSHV. KSHV latent viral FLICE-inhibitory protein (vFLIP) upregulated total and major isoforms of WT1, but upregulation was not seen after expression of mutant vFLIP that is unable to bind IKKÆ´ and induce NFκB. siRNA targeting of WT1 in latent KSHV infection resulted in decreased total cell number and pAKT, BCL2 and LANA protein expression. Finally, we show that ESK-1, a T cell receptor-like monoclonal antibody that recognizes WT1 peptides presented on MHC HLA-A0201, demonstrates increased binding to endothelial cells after KSHV infection or induction of vFLIP expression. We propose that oncogenic isoforms of WT1 are upregulated by KSHV to promote tumorigenesis and immunotherapy directed against WT1 may be an approach for KS treatment.
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Infecções por HIV , Herpesvirus Humano 8 , Sarcoma de Kaposi , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 8/fisiologia , Proteína Reguladora de Apoptosis Semelhante a CASP8 e FADD/metabolismo , Proteínas WT1/genética , Proteínas WT1/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
Se realizó un estudio en el departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Re-bagliati Martins (HNERM) con el objetivo analizar la transmisión vertical del SARS-CoV-2 en mujeres embarazadas con COVID-19. Se incluyeron 12 gestantes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Se realizaron pruebas diagnósticas de PCR en tiempo real (RT-PCR) para SARS-CoV-2 durante la admi-sión de cada gestante y se recolectaron muestras de placenta para su evaluación anatomopatológica. Los resultados mostraron que la transmisión vertical del virus fue poco común, con una tasa general de posi-tividad baja en los recién nacidos. Aunque el estudio presenta limitaciones, como el número reducido de casos y la falta de análisis con microscopio electrónico, constituye el primer intento en Perú de evaluar la transmisión vertical. Se concluye que se necesita más investigación para comprender mejor la relación entre la infección por la COVID-19 y las complicaciones durante el embarazo.
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças InfecciosasRESUMO
We describe a case of a 57-year-old woman with a history of gastric MALT lymphoma and interstitial nephritis attributed to chemotherapy. In the study of chronic diarrhea, we found an atrophic pancreas, with elastase deficiency. Autoimmune pancreatitis is suspected. A significant elevation of serum IgG4 was observed. With these data, a review of the renal biopsy performed 10 months earlier was carried out. Immunohistochemistry reveals a significant number of IgG4-producing plasma cells. In the lungs, the patient has nodules, adenopaties and infiltrates. The diagnosis we arrived at is IgG4-related disease. (AU)
Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 57 años con antecedentes de linfoma MALT gástrico y nefritis intersticial atribuida a la quimioterapia. En el estudio de diarrea crónica encontramos un páncreas atrófico, con deficiencia de elastasa. Se sospecha pancreatitis autoinmune. Se comprueba una elevación importante de IgG4 sérica. Con estos datos, se procede a la revisión de la biopsia renal realizada 10 meses antes. La inmunohistoquímica revela un número significativo de células plasmáticas productoras de IgG4. En los pulmones, la paciente tiene nódulos, adenopatías e infiltrados. El diagnóstico al que llegamos es Enfermedad relacionada con IgG4. (AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Relacionada a Imunoglobulina G4/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Relacionada a Imunoglobulina G4/diagnóstico , Doença Relacionada a Imunoglobulina G4/terapia , /diagnóstico por imagem , /diagnóstico , /terapia , Nefrite Intersticial/diagnóstico por imagem , Nefrite Intersticial/diagnóstico , Nefrite Intersticial/terapia , Linfonodos , Nódulos Pulmonares MúltiplosRESUMO
Infection with Gyrodactylus salaris was assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular, the criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as laid down in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to infection with G. salaris. The assessment was performed following the ad hoc method for data collection and assessment previously developed by AHAW panel and already published. The outcome reported is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with an uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether infection with G. salaris can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33-70% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that Infection with G. salaris does not meet the criteria in Section 1 and 3 (Category A and C; 1-5% and 10-33% probability of fulfilling the criteria, respectively) and it is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 2, 4 and 5 (Categories B, D and E; 33-80%, 33-66% and 33-80% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for infection with G. salaris according to Article 8 criteria are provided.
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Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) was assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular the criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as laid out in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to BKD. The assessment was performed following the ad hoc method on data collection and assessment developed by AHAW Panel and already published. The outcome reported is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with an uncertain outcome. According to this assessment, BKD can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (66-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that BKD does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2 and 3 (Categories A, B and C; 1-5%, 33-66% and 33-66% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) but meets the criteria in Sections 4 and 5 (Categories D and E; 66-90% and 66-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for BKD according to Article 8 criteria are provided.
RESUMO
Infection with salmonid alphavirus (SAV) was assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular the criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as laid out in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to infection with SAV. The assessment was performed following the ad hoc method on data collection and assessment developed by AHAW Panel and already published. The outcome reported is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with an uncertain outcome. According to the assessment, it was uncertain whether infection with salmonid alphavirus can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (50-80% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that infection with salmonid alphavirus does not meet the criteria in Section 1 (Category A; 5-10% probability of meeting the criteria) and it is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 (Categories B, C, D and E; 50-90%, probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for infection with SAV according to Article 8 criteria are provided.
RESUMO
Spring Viraemia of Carp (SVC) was assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular the criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9 and Article 8 for listing animal species related to SVC. The assessment was performed following the ad hoc method for data collection and assessment previously developed by the AHAW panel and already published. The outcome reported is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with an uncertain outcome. According to the assessment performed here, it is uncertain whether SVC can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (45-90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that SVC does not meet the criteria in Section 1 (Category A; 5-33% probability of meeting the criteria) and it is uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Sections 2, 3, 4 and 5 (Categories B, C, D and E; 33-66%, 10-66%, 45-90% and 45-90% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively). The animal species to be listed for SVC according to Article 8 criteria are provided.