Prevalence of daily family meals among children and adolescents from 43 countries.

Prevalence studies about family meals, including large and representative samples of children and adolescents on this topic, are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: first, to determine the prevalence of daily family meals in large and representative samples of school-going children and adolescents from 43 countries, and second, to identify the sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES), family structure, immigrant status and parental labour market status inequalities associated with this prevalence. Using data from the 2017/2018 wave of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, a total of 179,991 participants from 43 countries were involved in this cross-sectional study. Family meals were assessed by the following question: 'How often do you and your family usually have meals together?'. Participants had five different response options: 'every day', 'most days', 'about once a week', 'less often', and 'never'. The meta package was utilized for conducting a meta-analysis of single proportions, specifically applying the metaprop function. The analysis involved pooling the data using a random-effects model and presenting the outcomes through a forest plot generated using the inverse variance method. Moreover, we applied generalized linear mixed models to explore the relationships between the studied sociodemographic factors as fixed effects, country as a random effect and the status of daily family meals as an outcome. Overall, the prevalence of daily family meals was 49.12% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.00-53.25). A greater probability of having daily family meals was identified for children aged 10-12 years (61.55%; 95% CI: 57.44%-65.49%), boys (61.55%, 95% CI: 57.44%-65.49%), participants with high SES (64.66%, 95% CI: 60.65%-68.48%), participants with both parents at home (65.05%, 95% CI: 61.16%-68.74%) and those with both unemployed parents (61.55%, 95% CI: 57.44%-65.49%). In the present study, which included large representative samples of school-going children and adolescents from 43 countries, more than half of the participants did not have daily family meals.

Situs inversus totalis: a propósito de 2 casos clínicos / Situs inversus totalis: 2 case reports

Introducción: El situs inversus totalis es un hallazgo poco común. Sólo un pequeño porcentaje presentará cardiopatías asociadas, por lo que el diagnóstico suele realizarse de forma casual. Objetivo: Destacar las claves diagnósticas del situs inversus totalis y la importancia de un diagnóstico temprano. Caso clínico: Presentamos dos pacientes pediátricos de 9 y 14 años que fueron diagnosticados de forma incidental. El primer caso fue estudiado por dolor precordial, en la auscultación cardíaca se escuchaba aumento de ruidos cardíacos en precordio derecho y atenuados en el izquierdo. El electrocardiograma (ECG) mostró eje QRS y onda P de +150°, QRS estrecho de voltaje atenuado en precordiales V3-V6 y ondas T negativas en V1-V4 y aVL. La radiografía de tórax confirmó dextrocardia, además se apreció burbuja gástrica a la derecha y sombra hepática a la izquierda. La ecocardiografía evidenció dextrocardia especular clásica sin malformaciones asociadas. En el segundo caso se encontró incidentalmente dextrocardia en radiografía solicitada para evaluación de escoliosis. El ECG objetivó eje QRS +120°, eje onda P +150°, QRS estrecho de voltaje atenuado en precordiales izquierdas. La ecocardiografía doppler confirmó dextrocardia especular sin anomalías asociadas. En ecografía abdominal el hígado se encontró en hipocondrio izquierdo y el bazo en hipocondrio derecho. Conclusión: El diagnóstico temprano del situs inversus totalis es importante, dado que el abordaje quirúrgico torácico y abdominal es diferente y determinadas patologías pueden presentarse con clínica inusual. Además, tras el diagnóstico de situs inversus se puede estudiar la presencia de patologías asociadas como discinesia ciliar primaria (Síndrome de Kartagener).

Introduction: Situs inversus totalis is a rare find and only a small percentage are associated with heart disease; its diagnosis is usually made incidentally. Objective: To discuss the diagnostic features of situs inversus totalis and the importance of early diagnosis. Case reports: Two pediatric patients aged 9 and 14 years who were incidentally diagnosed are reported. The first case presented chest pain and during cardiac auscultation, increased heart sounds were heard on the right precordium and attenuated on the left. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed P wave and QRS axis equal to +150°, narrow QRS voltage attenuated in V3-V6 precordial leads, and negative T waves in leads V1-V4 and aVL. Chest radiography confirmed dextrocardia, and gastric bubble was on the right and hepatic shadow on the left. Echocardiography showed classic mirror dextrocardia without associated malformations. In the second case, dextrocardia was found incidentally after radiography was requested for the evaluation of scoliosis. ECG showed QRS of +120°, P wave axis of +150° and narrow QRS voltage axis attenuated on left precordial leads. Doppler echocardiography confirmed dextrocardia without associated anomalies. Abdominal ultrasound found the liver in left upper quadrant and the spleen in right upper quadrant. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of situs inversus totalis is important because the thoracic and abdominal surgical approach is different and certain diseases could be presented with unusual characteristics. Also, after the diagnosis of situs inversus, the presence of associated pathologies such as primary ciliary dyskinesia can be studied (Kartagener syndrome).

[Situs inversus totalis - 2 case reports]. / Situs inversus totalis. A propósito de 2 casos clínicos.

INTRODUCTION: Situs inversus totalis is a rare find and only a small percentage are associated with heart disease; its diagnosis is usually made incidentally. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the diagnostic features of situs inversus totalis and the importance of early diagnosis. CASE REPORTS: Two pediatric patients aged 9 and 14 years who were incidentally diagnosed are reported. The first case presented chest pain and during cardiac auscultation, increased heart sounds were heard on the right precordium and attenuated on the left. An electrocardiogram (ECG) showed P wave and QRS axis equal to +150°, narrow QRS voltage attenuated in V3-V6 precordial leads, and negative T waves in leads V1-V4 and aVL. Chest radiography confirmed dextrocardia, and gastric bubble was on the right and hepatic shadow on the left. Echocardiography showed classic mirror dextrocardia without associated malformations. In the second case, dextrocardia was found incidentally after radiography was requested for the evaluation of scoliosis. ECG showed QRS of +120°, P wave axis of +150° and narrow QRS voltage axis attenuated on left precordial leads. Doppler echocardiography confirmed dextrocardia without associated anomalies. Abdominal ultrasound found the liver in left upper quadrant and the spleen in right upper quadrant. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of situs inversus totalis is important because the thoracic and abdominal surgical approach is different and certain diseases could be presented with unusual characteristics. Also, after the diagnosis of situs inversus, the presence of associated pathologies such as primary ciliary dyskinesia can be studied (Kartagener syndrome).