Digital Form for Assessing Dentists' Knowledge about Oral Care of People Living with HIV.

Oral lesions are usually the first sign of HIV infection. The present study aimed to determine the level of the knowledge of dentists on the dental care needs of People Living with HIV (PLWH). This cross-sectional study was conducted between February and May 2021, in the Brazilian state of Pará, during which a total of 51 dentists received an anonymous digital form (Google® Forms Platform) composed of four blocks of discursive, dichotomous, and multiple-choice questions. The questions referred to various aspects of the dental care needs of PLWH, together with data on the professional activities of the dentists. After signing the term of informed consent, the dentists were divided into six subgroups according to the time (in years) since completing their bachelor's degree in dentistry. The data were presented as descriptive statistics and percentages, and then analyzed using the Kappa test. Most (70.6%; 36 of 51) of the dentists were female, the mean age of the dentists was 32.5 years, and a majority (80.2%) were based in the city of Belem; the mean time since graduation was 8.5 years, with 22 (43.1%) having more than 5 years of professional experience, and 31 (60.8%) having graduated from a private dental college. Just over half (51%) of the 51 dentists had completed graduate courses, and the most common dental specialty was orthodontics (19.6%). Most (74.5%) of the dentists work in the private sector, 38 (74.5%) claimed to have already provided oral care to PLWH, and 43 (84.3%) had access to specialist content on the oral care needs of PLWH. In terms of the knowledge of the dentists with regard to the oral care needs of PLWH, four of the ten diagnostic questions obtained more inadequate answers than expected, whereas the final two questions (11-45.1% and 12-31.4%) demonstrated that many of the dentists adopt unnecessary modifications in their oral care protocol for PLWH, due to a fear of contamination. Overall, our results demonstrate a frequent lack of knowledge, especially with regard to the oral healthcare needs of PLWH, which may account for many of the stigmas that persist in the dental care of this vulnerable group.

Odontologia e saúde mental: experiência do PET Saúde no Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas / Odontology and mental health: experience of PET Saúde in the Center for Psychosocial Care Alcohol and Drugs

A fim de discutir a importância de experiências multiprofissionais e o papel de inovação do PET - Saúde na formação acadêmica, este artigo relata a experiência do PET - Odontologia da UFPA junto à equipe multiprofissional de um CAPS AD localizado no município de Belém/PA, além de avaliar as condições de saúde bucal dos dependentes químicos. A experiência mostrou a integração entre os diferentes profissionais e motivou o desenvolvimento de habilidades dos discentes para o planejamento de ações integradas e criativas de promoção de saúde, através de metodologias ativas, apontando novos rumos de atenção à saúde, centrado na lógica da realidade da comunidade e não somente no ambiente clínico. As atividades realizadas pela equipe de Odontologia foram integradas às oficinas e grupos desenvolvidos na unidade, como oficinas culinárias e de confecção e o cuidado de hortas, que propiciaram momentos de educação em saúde bucal. Foram realizadas dinâmicas e rodas de conversas, sendo os usuários agentes ativos no processo de construção compartilhada de conhecimento. Ocorreu o "dia D no CAPS AD", no qual os usuários participaram de atividade de escovação supervisionada e foram examinados por equipe médica e odontológica, com coleta de informações clínicas. Considera-se que a interação entre ensino, serviço e comunidade potencializada pelo PET - Saúde conduz a formação em saúde a um novo perfil, em que os profissionais se tornam mais capazes de responder às necessidades dos usuários e atuar de maneira compartilhada nos diferentes cenários (AU).

In order to discuss the importance of multiprofessional experiences and the innovation role of the PET - Saúde in academic training, this article reports on the experience PET - Odontology of UFPA with the multi-professional team of a CAPS AD located in the city of Belém / PA, besides evaluating the oral health conditions of chemical dependents. The experience showed the integration among the different professionals and motivated the development ofthe students' abilities to the planning of integrated and creative actions of health promotion, through active methodologies, pointing out new directions of health care, centered on the logic of the community reality and not only in the clinical environment. The activities carried out by the Dentistry team were integrated with the workshops and groups developed at the unit, such as cooking and cooking workshops and garden care, which provided moments of education in oral health. Was made dynamics and wheels of conversations, and the users are active agents in the process of shared knowledge construction. "D-day at CAPS AD" occurred, in which users participated in supervised brushing activity and were examined by medical and dental staff, collecting clinical information. It is considered that the interaction between teaching, service and community enhanced by PET ­ Saúde leads health education to a new profile in which professionals become better able to respond to users' needs and act in a shared way in different scenarios (AU).

Absence of cytomegalovirus in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in HIV-1 patients in Northern Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the progression of chronic periodontitis in HIV patients is poorly investigated. METHODS: ELISA was used for anti-CMV antibody IgG titer measurements and real-time polymerase chain reaction for qualitative and quantitative CMV detection. Data on the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and plasma HIV viral load were obtained from patient records. RESULTS: CMV DNA was detected in samples of subgingival biofilm in only three individuals, two of them with chronic periodontitis (4%) and one with gingivitis (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of CMV is very low both in HIV-1 patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.

Absence of cytomegalovirus in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis in HIV-1 patients in Northern Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION The influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the progression of chronic periodontitis in HIV patients is poorly investigated. METHODS ELISA was used for anti-CMV antibody IgG titer measurements and real-time polymerase chain reaction for qualitative and quantitative CMV detection. Data on the CD4 + T lymphocyte count and plasma HIV viral load were obtained from patient records. RESULTS CMV DNA was detected in samples of subgingival biofilm in only three individuals, two of them with chronic periodontitis (4%) and one with gingivitis (3.3%). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of CMV is very low both in HIV-1 patients with gingivitis and chronic periodontitis.

Analysis of FHS community health agents knowledge about oral health / Análise do conhecimento sobre saúde bucal de agentes comunitários de saúde da ESF

The community health agents (CHA) are considered health promoters in Brazilian communities teaching them about health promotion and disease prevention, including oral health. According to the Ministry of Health, CHAs must know about seven major oral health issues in Brazil. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the oral health knowledge level of CHAs in the city of Belem, Pará State, Brazil. The study was based on a self-guided script, through a pre-prepared questionnaire containing 16 multiple- choice questions related to oral health knowledge. The survey was conducted with 94 agents from seven Family Health stations featuring oral health teams in Belem. It was concluded that community agents should be better prepared about oral care, as not all oral health issues were known by the CHAs oral health teams in Belem.

Os agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) são considerados promotores de saúde nas comunidades brasileiras instruindo-as sobre promoção de saúde e prevenção de doenças, inclusive em saúde bucal. De acordo com o Ministério da Saúde, os ACS's devem conhecer sete principais agravos bucais no Brasil. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos ACS's em Belém, Estado do Pará, Brasil sobre saúde oral. O estudo foi baseado em um roteiro auto gerenciado, por meio de um questionário pré-elaborado, contendo 16 questões objetivas referentes ao conhecimento sobre saúde bucal. A pesquisa foi realizada com 94 agentes em sete Unidades de Saúde da Família com equipes de saúde bucal do município de Belém. E concluiu-se, portanto, que os agentes comunitários devem ser melhor preparados acerca dos cuidados bucais, pois não são todos os agravos em saúde bucal que são conhecidos pelos ACS's das equipes de saúde bucal em Belém.

Investigação do vírus Epstein-Barr em pacientes com Periodontite Crônica / Investigation of the Epstein-Barr virus in patients with chronic periodontitis

Introdução: Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de estudos sugere a participação dos herpesvírus na doença periodontal. Objetivo: Este trabalho investiga a relação entre a presença do herpesvírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) e a infecção periodontal em pacientes com periodontite crônica. Metodologia: Foram coletadas amostras de biofilme subgengival de sítios com profundidades de sondagem de 4 a 6 mm e > 7 mm, de 28 pacientes com periodontite crônica. Como controles, foram incluídos 16 indivíduos, sistemicamente saudáveis e sem doença periodontal. Adicionalmente, parâmetros clínicos de profundidade de sondagem (PS), nível clínico de inserção (NCI) e índice de sangramento à sondagem (SS) foram registrados. Resultado: Os resultados demonstraram médias de 2,7 mm PS, 1,7 mm NCI e 0,3% dos sítios apresentaram SS. A investigação do EBV no biofilme subgengival dos grupos foi realizada por meio da reação em cadeia da polimerase com primer espécie-específico. Os resultados da análise viral indicaram ausência de EBV em todas as amostras subgengivais analisadas. Conclusão: A partir destes resultados, não foi encontrada relação entre a presença do herpesvírus Epstein-Barr e a periodontite crônica.

Introduction: In recent years, a growing number of studies have suggested the participation of the herpes virus in periodontal disease. Objective: this study investigates the relationship between the presence of the Epstein-Barr herpes virus and periodontal infection in patients with chronic periodontitis. Methodology: subgingival biofilm samples were collected of subgingival sites with probing depths of 4 mm to 6 mm, and > 7 of 28 patients with chronic periodontitis. The control group consisted of 16 healthy subjects without clinical evidence of chronic periodontitis. Additionally, clinical parameters of probing depth, attachment level and Bleeding index were recorded. Result: the results showed averages of 2 mm probing depth, 1, 7 mm attachment level and 0.3 % bleeding on probing. Investigation of the herpes virus in the subgingival biofilm of the groups was performed using polymerase chain reaction with species-specific primer. Results of viral analysis indicated the absence of EBV in all subgingival samples analyzed. Conclusion: these results found no relationship between the presence of the Epstein-Barr herpes virus and chronic periodontitis.

A clinical report of Type III dens invaginatus: relevant aspects of a combined therapeutic approach.

Dens invaginatus is a developmental abnormality that alters dental morphology; as a result, treating this condition is a challenge for endodontic practices. This article describes how a combination of nonsurgical and surgical therapies was utilized to treat a maxillary central incisor with Type III dens invaginatus and vital pulp. The treatment plan included using computed tomography (CT) for a detailed analysis of the dental anatomy and periapical area, endodontic and surgical procedures, and a 4-year follow-up period that included periodic clinical and radiographic examinations. The follow-up examinations revealed a regression of the apical lesion and no other signs or symptoms. Based on the present case report, the authors concluded that this combination of surgical and nonsurgical approaches was effective and that CT is a valuable auxiliary tool for the study of dental anatomy.

Recobrimento radicular pela técnica de Zucchelli e De Sanctis / Root covering by the technical Zucchelli and De Sanctis

A recessão gengival é encontrada com certa frequência na periodontia. Clinicamente, apresenta-se pela exposição radicular causada por um deslocamento apical da posição da gengiva em relação à junção cemento/esmalte. A recessão pode ser localizada, afetando apenas um dente ou grupo de dentes ou generalizada, ocorrendo em toda a boca. Sua etiologia está relacionada a vários fatores, incluindo placa bacteriana, posição dos dentes na arcada, escovação errônea, oclusão traumática, inserção alta de freios ou inserções musculares, área de gengiva estreita e pressão labial, entre outros. Uma meta do tratamento periodontal é regenerar a perda do aparelho de inserção dos dentes. Portanto, tornou--se evidente, durante a última década, que diversos procedimentos regenerativos têm potencial para corrigir não só a recessão gengival, pelo aumento da largura e altura da gengiva inserida ou queratinizada, como também obter recobrimento radicular parcial ou completo. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um relato de caso de recobrimento radicular de múltiplas recessões em áreas estéticas pela técnica de Zucchelli e De Sanctis.

Gingival recession is a common finding in periodontics. Clinically, it consists of root exposure caused by apical displacement of the gingival margin in the cement-enamel junction. Recession may be localized, affecting only a tooth or group of teeth, or widespread, affecting the entire mouth. Its etiology is related to several factors, such as bacterial plaque, position of the teeth in the arch, incorrect brushing, traumatic occlusion, high frenum insertion or muscle insertions, narrow gingival area and lip pressure, among others. The goal of periodontal treatment is to regenerate the periodontium. Therefore, it became evident during the last decade that several procedures have the potential to regenerate not only gingival recession by increasing the width and height of the inserted or keratinized gums, but also to achieve partial or full root coverage. In this context, the objective of this work is to present a case report of the coverage of multiple recessions in aesthetic areas by the Zucchelli and De Sanctis technique.

Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais e extratos de plantas da região amazônica sobre cepa de Candida albicans / In vitro evaluation of the anti-fungii activity of essential oils and plant extracts present in the amazon region about the strain of Candida albicans

A candidíase é uma doença fúngica oportunista causada pela proliferação de espécies de Candida, principalmente Candida albicans, sendo esta a espécie mais patogênica em humanos. Muitos antifúngicos existentes no mercado apresentam efeitos colaterais indesejáveis ou podem induzir a resistência fúngica, principalmente em indivíduos imunodeprimidos. Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro a atividade antifúngica de óleos e extratos vegetais extraídos de plantas da região Amazônica e determinar a concentração inibitória mínima das espécies que apresentaram atividade antifúngica frente à cepa padrão de Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). A atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais Copaifera multijuga, Carapa guianenses, Piper aduncum e Piper hispidinervum foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido em diluições de 32 a 2%, para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima. Os extratos de Annona glabra, Azadiractha indica, Bryophyllum calycinum, Eleutherine plicata, Mammea americana, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum foram testados nas concentrações de 500, 250, 125 e 62,5 mg.mL-1 e a atividade antifúngica foi verificada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido, utilizando-se discos de papel filtro. Os óleos testados não apresentaram efeito antifúngico sobre a cepa de Candida albicans e, dos extratos testados, somente os de Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum apresentaram atividade antifúngica, com concentração inibitória mínima, respectivamente, de 250, 125 e 62,5 mg.mL-1. A partir dos resultados apresentados, verificou-se que os extratos de Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum apresentam potencial efeito inibitório para crescimento de Candida albicans, servindo de guia para a seleção de plantas com atividades antifúngicas para futuros trabalhos de âmbito toxicológico e farmacológico.

Candidiasis is an opportunistic fungus disease caused by the proliferation of Candida species, mainly Candida albicans, what seems to be the most pathogenic one to humans. Several anti-fungii drugs available in the market present undesirable side effects or develop resistance, mainly in immune-depressed individuals. Hence, the aim of this paper was to evaluate in vitro the anti-fungii activity of vegetal oils and extracts present in the Amazon region and to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration of such species that have presented anti-fungii activity against the pattern strain of Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). The anti-fungii activity of the essential oils Copaifera multijuga, Carapa guianenses, Piper aduncum and Piper hispidinervum was determined through the method of difusion in a solid means and in dilutions of 32 to 2% in order to determine its minimal inhibitory concentration. The extracts Annona glabra, Azadiractha indica, Bryophyllum calycinum, Eleutherine plicata, Mammea americana, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum have been tested under the concentrations of 500, 250, 125 and 62,5 mg.mL-1 and the anti-fungii activity was determined through the method of difusion in a solid means using discs of flter paper. The tested oils did not present any anti-fungii effect on the strain of Candida albicans and, from the extracts tested, only Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum have presented anti-fungii activity with minimal inhibitory concentrations, respectively, 250, 125 and 62,5 mg.mL-1. With the results presented, the extracts of Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava and Syzygium aromaticum present a potential inhibitory effect to the growth of Candida albicans, acting as a guide for the selection of plants with anti-fungii activities for further papers on a toxicologic and pharmacologic.