Copaiba oil minimizes inflammation and promotes parenchyma re-epithelization in acute allergic asthma model induced by ovalbumin in BALB/c mice.

Introduction: Asthma is a condition of airflow limitation, common throughout the world, with high mortality rates, especially as it still faces some obstacles in its management. As it constitutes a public health challenge, this study aimed to investigate the effect of copaiba oil (e.g., Copaifera langsdorffii), as a treatment resource, at doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg on certain mediators of acute lung inflammation (IL-33, GATA3, FOXP3, STAT3, and TBET) and early mechanisms of lung remodeling (degradation of elastic fiber tissues, collagen deposition, and goblet cell hyperplasia). Methods: Using an ovalbumin-induced acute allergic asthma model in BALB/c mice, we analyzed the inflammatory mediators through immunohistochemistry and the mechanisms of lung remodeling through histopathology, employing orcein, Masson's trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff staining. Results: Copaiba oil treatment (CO) reduced IL-33 and increased FOXP3 by stimulating the FOXP3/GATA3 and FOXP3/STAT3 pathways. Additionally, it upregulated TBET, suggesting an additional role in controlling GATA3 activity. In the respiratory epithelium, CO decreased the fragmentation of elastic fibers while increasing the deposition of collagen fibers, favoring epithelial restructuring. Simultaneously, CO reduced goblet cell hyperplasia. Discussion: Although additional research is warranted, the demonstrated anti-inflammatory and re-epithelializing action makes CO a viable option in exploring new treatments for acute allergic asthma.

Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second Quotient (FEV1Q) as a Prognostic Factor in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Comparing Its Predictive Value to Other Lung Function Measurements.

INTRODUCTION: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the first and second motor neurons. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) have conventionally served as indicators of respiratory muscle strength. Recently, FEV1Q (FEV1 divided by the sex-specific first percentile values of absolute FEV1 in adults with lung disease) has been suggested as a predictor of mortality. While FVC has been utilized as a prognostic factor, FEV1Q has not yet been examined. METHODS: This retrospective unicenter study evaluated FEV1Q as a predictor of mortality in ALS patients, comparing its predictive efficacy with other measurements, including FEV1, FVC, sniff nasal inspiratory pressure, and maximal inspiratory pressure. The study utilized univariate analysis for each variable employing the Cox proportional hazards model to determine the statistical significance and predictive power of each measurement. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were included, female predominant (60%) and an average age at diagnosis of 69.2 ± 11 years. Almost all (95%) met the criteria for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and initiated (93%) during the study period, a mean of 137 days after diagnosis. The mortality rate observed was 57%, occurring at a median of 398 days post-diagnosis. On average, patients underwent 1.7 pulmonary function tests, revealing a decline in various parameters, including FEV1, FEV1Q, and FVC. However, only FEV1Q was a statistically significant predictor of mortality (p < 0.0083) in a Cox regression analysis. A negative coefficient for FEV1Q indicated that higher values were associated with a reduced mortality risk, with an average FEV1Q of 2.68 observed at the time of death. CONCLUSION: FEV1Q emerged as the only statistically significant predictor of mortality among the evaluated respiratory measurements in ALS patients. This study is the first to focus on applying FEV1Q in the clinical evaluation of ALS, marking an initial step in understanding its potential role in patient follow-up. However, further studies are needed before these findings can be incorporated into clinical practice.

The Effects of Benralizumab on Lung Volumes and Airway Resistance in Severe Eosinophilic Asthma: A Real-World Study.

INTRODUCTION: Add-on biological monoclonal antibodies such as benralizumab (anti-IL-5Ra) are recommended by international guidelines to reduce exacerbations in severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA). However, few studies have assessed the impact of these therapies on lung function-related outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of benralizumab on lung function, including lung volumes and airway resistance, in SEA patients in Portugal. METHODS: This was a real-world, observational, prospective, multicentric study including adult patients diagnosed with SEA (January-June 2023). Spirometry and plethysmography were performed at baseline (T0) and after six months of treatment (T6) with benralizumab to assess: total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), mean forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (mFEF-25/75), intrathoracic gas volume (ITGV), and respiratory airway resistance (Raw). Descriptive statistics (with categorical variables described as frequencies and continuous values as mean and standard deviation (SD)) and paired t-test and Cohen's d effect size were calculated (analyses performed in StataCorp v.15.1; StataCorp LLC, TX, USA). RESULTS: Overall, 30 SEA patients were evaluated, mostly women (n=18, 60.0%), with atopy (n=22, 73.3%), a mean age of 58.4 years (SD 11.7), and assisted by pulmonology (n=19, 63.3%) or immunology-allergology (n=11, 36.7%) services. Mean eosinophilia at baseline was 1103.57 cells/mcL (SD 604.88; minimum-maximum 460-2400); after the use of benralizumab, the count dropped to zero. After six months of treatment, a significant increase (p<0.0001) in FVC (15.3%), FEV1 (22.6%), and mFEF-25/75 (17.7%) were observed from baseline (Cohen's d between 0.78 and 1.11). ITGV, RV, RV/TLC, and Raw significantly decreased (p<0.0001) during the study period (-17.3%, -29.7%, -8.9%, and -100.6%, respectively) (Cohen's d between -0.79 and -1.06). No differences in TLC were obtained (p=0.173). No differences between sexes were observed for any measure. Patients with more significant eosinophilia (>900 cells/mcL count; n=15) presented better responses in FEV1 (p=0.001) and mFEF-25/75 (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: A notable eosinophil depletion with add-on benralizumab led to significant improvements in SEA patients' respiratory function (static lung volumes and airway resistance) in real-world settings after six months. The significant deflating effect of benralizumab on patients' hyperinflated lungs led to enhanced expiratory flow (increased FEV1 and mFEF-25/75) and air trapping (decreased RV/TLC), suggesting this antibody improves bronchial obstruction, lung hyperinflation, and airway resistance. Further studies in a larger population are required to confirm these findings.

El impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los nuevos casos de tuberculosis en pacientes hospitalizados / The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on New Active Tuberculosis in Hospitalized Patients

Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global fight against Tuberculosis, although its impact is not fully known. We aimed to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis and hospital care of tuberculosis patients. Material and Method: We conducted a retrospective study in a Portuguese 804-bed hospital between March 2019 and March 2021. We compared the number of new diagnoses of active Tuberculosis in hospitalized patients in the 12-month period before (group A) and after (group B) the surge of COVID-19 in Portugal (March 2020), as well as patients’ clinical characteristics. Results: There were a total of 24.675 hospital admissions, of which 158 were due to new active tuberculosis. There were 60 new diagnoses of active tuberculosis in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (group B), compared to 98 in the previous year (group A) (0.5% vs. 0.8%, respectively, p=0.004). Gender distribution, age, symptoms at presentation and affected organs were similar in both groups. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant median 3-day delay in diagnosis after hospital admission (p=0.047) and a total of 18% of tuberculosis cases were co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the first month of antituberculosis therapy. Conclusion: During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitalised patients were 37% less likely to have a diagnosis of new active TB, compared to the previous year. Our study highlights the concern about underdiagnosis and diagnostic delay of active TB during the COVID-19 pandemic and the need for studies and policies addressing this matter. (AU)

Objetivos: Analizar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el diagnóstico y la atención hospitalaria de los pacientes con tuberculosis. Método: Estudio retrospectivo en un hospital portugués de 804 camas entre marzo de 2019 y marzo de 2021. Comparamos el número de nuevos diagnósticos de tuberculosis activa en pacientes hospitalizados en el período de 12 meses antes y después el repunte de la COVID-19 en Portugal (marzo 2020), así como las características clínicas de los pacientes. Resultados: Se incluyeron 24.675 ingresos hospitalarios, de los cuales 158 fueron por tuberculosis activa nueva. Se observó 60 nuevos diagnósticos de tuberculosis activa en el primer año de la pandemia COVID-19 (grupo B), frente a los 98 del año anterior (grupo A) (p=0,004). La distribución por género, edad, presentación y órganos afectados fueron similares. Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, hubo una mediana de retraso significativo de 3 días en el diagnóstico después del ingreso hospitalario (p=0,047) y un total del 18 % de los casos de tuberculosis se infectaron con SARS-CoV-2 en el primer mes de terapia antituberculosa. Conclusión: Durante el primer año de la pandemia COVID-19, los pacientes hospitalizados tuvieron 37% menos de probabilidad de tener un diagnóstico nuevo de TB. Nuestro estudio destaca la preocupación por el infradiagnóstico y el retraso en el diagnóstico de la TB activa durante la pandemia COVID-19 y la necesidad de estudios y políticas que aborden este tema. (AU)

Combination of Iron and Zinc Enhanced the Root Cell Division, Mitotic Regularity and Nucleolar Activity of Hexaploid Triticale.

Hexaploid triticale results from crosses between durum wheat and rye. Despite its high agronomic potential, triticale is mainly used for livestock feed. Triticale surpasses their parental species in adaptability and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, being able to grow in acidic soils where a high amount of iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) is typical. On the other hand, high amounts of these essential trace elements can be cytotoxic to bread wheat. The cytotoxicity induced by seed priming with a high concentration of Fe and Zn impaired root cell division and induced nucleolar changes in bread wheat. Such cytogenetic approaches were expedited and successfully determined cytotoxic and suited micronutrient dosages for wheat nutripriming. With this study, we intended to analyse the hexaploid triticale cv 'Douro' root mitotic cell cycle and nucleolar activity after seed priming performed with aqueous solutions of iron (Fe) and/or zinc (Zn), containing a concentration that was previously considered cytotoxic, to bread wheat and to infer the higher tolerance of triticale to these treatments. The overall cytogenetic data allowed us to conclude that the Fe + Zn treatment enhanced the root mitotic index (MI), mitosis regularity and nucleolar activity of 'Douro' relative to the control and the individual treatments performed with Fe or Zn alone. The Fe + Zn treatment might suit triticale biofortification through seed priming.

Analysis of the correlation between climatic variables and Dengue cases in the city of Alagoinhas/BA.

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of dengue and is a synanthropic insect and due to its anthropophilic nature, it has specific reproductive needs. In addition to that, it also needs tropical regions that provide climate-prone conditions that favor vector development. In this article, we propose the cross-correlation analysis between the climatic variables air temperature, relative humidity, weekly average precipitation and dengue cases in the period from 2017 to early 2021 in the municipality of Alagoinhas, Bahia, Brazil. To do so, we apply the trend-free cross-correlation, [Formula: see text], being a generalization of the fluctuation analysis without trend, where we calculate the cross correlation between time series to establish the influence of these variables on the occurrence of dengue disease. The results obtained here were a moderate correlation between relative humidity and the incidence of dengue cases, and a low correlation for relative air temperature and precipitation. However, the predominant factor in the incidence of dengue cases in the city of Alagoinhas is relative humidity and not air temperature and precipitation.

The barriers dentists face to communicate cancer diagnosis: self-assessment based on SPIKES protocol

Background: This study aimed to characterize the barriers faced by Brazilian dentists to deliver bad news (DBN) about oral and oropharyngeal cancer diagnoses to patients by using a questionnaire based on the guidelines of the SPIKES protocol. Material and methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study. The questionnaire contained 27 questions based on the SPIKES protocol, which were answered in the SurveyMonkey platform. Results: A total of 186/249 dentists answered the questionnaire. The main specialties reported were 36.02% oral medicine, 21.5% oral pathology, and 9.13% oral and maxillofacial surgery. A total of 44.6% expressed concern about the patient's emotional reactions, and 46.24% of respondents had never participated in any specific training to communicate bad news. Conclusions: The lack of training and low confidence in dealing with patients' emotional reactions dentists were considered the greatest barriers to DBNs. Moreover, most dentists who participated in the survey believe that a protocol to guide the communication of bad news would be useful for clinical practice. For those protocols to be used by dentists, training is critical for these protocols to be incorporated by professionals. (AU)

Patient's perceptions of oral and oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis disclosure: communication aspects based on SPIKES protocol.

OBJECTIVE: Breaking bad medical news is a complex task of clinical practice. The manner in which this is done has a significant impact on patients. This study aimed to assess patient's perceptions regarding oral and oropharyngeal cancer diagnosis disclosure according to the "SPIKES" protocol. STUDY DESIGN: This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire with 21 SPIKES-based items. The questionnaire was administered to 100 patients with recently diagnosed oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma who evaluated each item according to their preference and experience. RESULTS: Nineteen items showed a significant difference between patient's preference and recalled experience. Eighteen of these items showed lower experience scores primarily related to the amount of information desired by patients, presence of a companion, time to express feelings, and summary of information. Most patients preferred receiving as much information as possible about the diagnosis. However, only 35% reported that they had obtained sufficient information. Patients who were aware of cancer diagnostic suspicion had better communication experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Protocols may be useful to guide health professionals to support patient-centered strategies to disclose oral cancer diagnoses.

Short-Finned Pilot Whale Strandings Associated with Pilot Whale Morbillivirus, Brazil.

Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) causes illness and death in cetaceans worldwide; the CeMV strains circulating in the Southern Hemisphere are poorly known. We detected a pilot whale CeMV strain in 3 short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) stranded in Brazil during July-October 2020. Our results confirm this virus circulates in this species.

Perfil mercadológico digital de empreendimentos de profissionais de enfermagem divulgados via Instagram / Digital marketing profile of nursing professional ventures published via Instagram / Perfil de marketing digital de emprendimientos de profesionales de enfermería divulgados a través de Instagram

Objetivo: identificar o perfil mercadológico digital de empreendimentos de profissionais de enfermagem divulgados via Instagram. Método: estudo netnográfico, realizado no Instagram, sendo esta uma rede social de acesso público. A amostra foi composta por 15 perfis de empreendedores digitais, sendo estes profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de março e maio de 2022 por meio de hashtags como estratégia de busca. Resultados: houve prevalência de livros digitais (30,0%), seguido de cursos online (26,6%). As áreas empreendidas e os conteúdos produzidos foram sobre cicatrização de feridas e curativos; capacitações gerais do campo da enfermagem; direito na enfermagem; empreendedorismo para enfermeiros; furo de orelha; atendimento obstétrico; atendimentos gerais de enfermagem; e preparatório para concurso. Conclusão: houve um aumento considerável de produtos divulgados via Instagram por profissionais da enfermagem repercutindo em uma maior visibilidade, autonomia e independência da categoria profissional

Objectives: to identify the digital marketing profile of nursing professionals' ventures disclosed via Instagram. Method: netnographic study, conducted on Instagram, which is a social network of public access. The sample was composed of 15 profiles of digital entrepreneurs, which were nursing professionals. Data collection was performed between March and May 2022 using hashtags as a search strategy. Results: there was a prevalence of digital books (30,0%), followed by online courses (26,6%). The areas undertaken and the content produced were about wound healing and dressings; general training in the nursing field; law in nursing; entrepreneurship for nurses; ear piercing; obstetric care; general nursing care; and exam preparation. Conclusion: there was a considerable increase in products disseminated via Instagram by nursing professionals, resulting in greater visibility, autonomy, and independence of the professional category

Objetivos: identificar el perfil mercadológico digital de los negocios de profesionales de enfermería divulgados a través de Instagram. Método: estudio netnográfico, realizado en el instagram, siendo esta una red social pública. Muestra compuesta por 15 perfiles de empresarios digitales, siendo estos profesionales de enfermería. La recopilación de datos se realizó entre marzo y mayo de 2022 por medio de hashtags. Resultados: predominan los libros digitales (30,0%), seguidos de los cursos en línea (26,6%). Las áreas emprendidas y los contenidos elaborados fueron sobre curación de heridas y vendajes; formación general en el ámbito de la enfermería; derecho en la enfermería; espíritu empresarial para enfermeras; perforación de orejas; cuidados obstétricos; cuidados generales de enfermería; y preparación de exámenes. Conclusión: se ha producido un aumento considerable de los productos difundidos a través de Instagram por profesionales de enfermería, lo que se traduce en una mayor visibilidad, autonomía e independencia de la categoría profesional

Damage-responsive neuro-glial clusters coordinate the recruitment of dormant neural stem cells in Drosophila.

Recruitment of stem cells is crucial for tissue repair. Although stem cell niches can provide important signals, little is known about mechanisms that coordinate the engagement of disseminated stem cells across an injured tissue. In Drosophila, adult brain lesions trigger local recruitment of scattered dormant neural stem cells suggesting a mechanism for creating a transient stem cell activation zone. Here, we find that injury triggers a coordinated response in neuro-glial clusters that promotes the spread of a neuron-derived stem cell factor via glial secretion of the lipocalin-like transporter Swim. Strikingly, swim is induced in a Hif1-α-dependent manner in response to brain hypoxia. Mammalian Swim (Lcn7) is also upregulated in glia of the mouse hippocampus upon brain injury. Our results identify a central role of neuro-glial clusters in promoting neural stem cell activation at a distance, suggesting a conserved function of the HIF1-α/Swim/Wnt module in connecting injury-sensing and regenerative outcomes.

Therapeutic sequencing in the era of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations, a novel challenge in patients with metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations have reshaped the treatment landscape of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. As four regimens are now approved in the first-line setting, including nivolumab plus ipilimumab in intermediate and poor-risk patients, and pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib, nivolumab plus cabozantinib and pembrolizumab plus axitinib in all-comers, the choice of subsequent therapies is becoming a novel challenge for physicians. Such choices now rely on several compounds used as monotherapy which have demonstrated sustained activity after previous immune checkpoint or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Future strategies may lie in novel targets, including hypoxia-inducible factor inhibitors, as well as further exploration of combinations in more advanced settings. Here we review the current evidence regarding treatment activity after immune checkpoint inhibitor combinations, the underlying biological and clinical challenges that may impact patient selection and the optimal sequencing strategies for clinical practice.

Prevalência de pacientes notificados com hanseníase no município de São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020 / Prevalencia de pacientes notificados con lepra en el municipio de São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020 / Prevalence of leprosy patients notified in the municipality of São Luís, Maranhão, from 2010 to 2020

Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de pacientes notificados com hanseníase em São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo, transversal, quantitativo, realizado no Banco de Dados público do DATASUS cuja coleta ocorreu em agosto de 2021. A amostra foi composta por 9.387 pacientes notificados com Hanseníase. Resultados: observa-se prevalência amostral em maio de 2012, sexo masculino, faixa etária entre 30-39 anos, Ensino Médio completo, pardos, casos multibacilares, avaliação de incapacidade física e de cura no estágio Grau 0, apresentaram mais que cinco lesões, baciloscopia negativa, episódios sem reação,sendo abordados como casos novos cuja forma prevalente foi a dimorfa, tendo como esquema terapêutico mais prescrito a poliquimioterapia durante 12 meses e prevalência de cura. Conclusão: houve uma prevalência dos casos de hanseníase em homens jovens com bom grau de instrução escolar. Apesar da alta prevalência de casos novos, o tratamento foi efetivo de modo a levá-los à cura.(AU)

Objective: to identify the prevalence of patients notified with leprosy in São Luís, Maranhão, during 2010-2020. Method: descriptive, exploratory, retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted in the public database of the DATASUS whose collection occurred in August 2021. The sample was composed of 9,387 patients notified with Leprosy. Results: sample prevalence was observed in May 2012, male gender, age range 30-39 years, complete High School, brown, multibacillary cases, evaluation of physical disability and cure in Grade 0 stage, presented more than five lesions, negative bacilloscopy, episodes without reaction, being addressed as new cases whose prevalent form was the dimorphic, having as the most prescribed therapeutic scheme the polychemotherapy for 12 months and prevalence of cure. Conclusion: there was a prevalence of leprosy cases in young men with good schooling. Despite the high prevalence of new cases, the treatment was effective in order to lead them to cure(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de pacientes con lepra notificados en São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2010-2020. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en la base de datos pública DATASUS, la cual fue recolectada en agosto de 2021. La muestra estuvo conformada por 9.387 pacientes reportados con lepra. Resultados: se tiene una muestra de prevalencia en mayo de 2012, sexo masculino, grupo etario entre 30-39 años, bachillerato completo, pardos, casos multibacilares, valoración de incapacidad física y curación en la etapa Grado 0, presentaba más de cinco lesiones, baciloscopía negativa , episodios sin reacción, siendo abordados como casos nuevos cuya forma prevalente fue borderline, siendo el régimen terapéutico más prescrito la polimedicación durante 12 meses y prevalencia de cura.Conclusión: había una prevalencia de casos de lepra en hombres jóvenes con buena escolaridad. A pesar de la alta prevalencia de casos nuevos, el trataminto fue eficaz de manera que los curará(AU)

Perfil de usuários da atenção primária acerca do serviço de eletrocardiograma com laudo por telecardiologia / Perfil de usuarios de atención primaria sobre el servicio de electrocardiograma con informes de telecardiología / Profile of primary care users about the electrocardiogram service with telecardiology reports

Objetivo: identificar o perfil dos usuários da Atenção Primária acerca do serviço de eletrocardiograma com laudo por telecardiologia. Método: trata-se de um artigo oriundo de um trabalho de conclusão de curso (monografia), estudo descritivo, exploratório, documental, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 31 pacientes de um município de Minas Gerais que realizaram eletrocardiograma com laudo por telecardiologia em uma Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A busca dos dados foi realizada durante o 1º semestre de 2018, entre os meses de março e maio. Os dados foram discutidos conforme epidemiologia descritiva simples uni-variada não paramétrica e não probabilística. Resultados: houve prevalência do sexo feminino, idade média de 49,8 anos e sobrepeso. As comorbidades autorreferidas mais prevalentes foram a hipertensão e o histórico familiar. A dor torácica, queimação, pontadas, formigamento e pressão arterial descompensada foram as principais queixas para a realização do ame e o diagnóstico mais prevalente foi a normalidade. Conclusão: apesar da maior parte dos exames não terem evidenciado alterações, as variáveis socioeconômicas, metabólicas e genéticas constituem fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares.(AU)

Objective: to identify the profile of primary care users about the electrocardiogram service with telecardiology reports. Method: this is an article originated from a course conclusion work (monograph), this is a descriptive, exploratory, documentary study with a quantitative approach, conducted with 31 patients from a city from Minas Gerais who underwent electrocardiogram with telecardiology report in a Family Health Strategy. The data search was conducted during the 1st semester of 2018, between the months of March and May. The data were discussed according to simple descriptive epidemiology univariate non-parametric and non-probabilistic. Results: There was a prevalence of female gender, mean age of 49.8 years and overweight. The most prevalent self-reported comorbidities were hypertension and family history. Chest pain, burning, pricking, tingling and decompensated blood pressure were the main complaints for the exam and the most prevalent diagnosis was normality. Conclusion: despite the fact that most of the exams showed no alterations, socioeconomic, metabolic and genetic variables are risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases(AU)

Objetivo: identificar el perfil de usuarios de atención primaria sobre el servicio de electrocardiograma con informe de telecardiología. Método: este es un artículo resultante de un trabajo de finalización de curso (monografía), estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, documental, con enfoque cuantitativo, realizado con 31 pacientes de una ciudad de Minas Gerais a los que se les realizó electrocardiograma con informe de telecardiología en una Estrategia de Salud de la Familia. La búsqueda de datos se realizó durante el 1er semestre de 2018, entre los meses de marzo y mayo. Los datos se analizaron según la epidemiología descriptiva simple uni-variante no paramétrica y no probabilística. Resultados: hubo prevalencia de sexo femenino, edad media de 49,8 años y sobrepeso. Las comorbilidades autorreferidas más prevalentes fueron la hipertensión y la historia familiar. El dolor torácico, ardor, pinchazo, hormigueo y descompensación de la presión arterial fueron las principales quejas para realizar el examen y el diagnóstico más prevalente fue la normalidad. Conclusión: aunque la mayoría de los exámenes no mostraron cambios, las variables socioeconómicas, metabólicas y genéticas constituyen un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares.(AU)

COVID-19 impact on anxiety and depression in head and neck cancer patients: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the coronavirus disease 2019 has increased anxiety, depression, and distress levels in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, RT-HNC patients were surveyed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for anxiety and depression and the distress thermometer (DT) for distress. HADS scores were compared with data pre-COVID-19. Additionally, we evaluated the COVID-19 impact on daily routines, treatment, and cancer care through a questionnaire. RESULTS: Fifty patients were included. The HADS mean score and estimated rates were 4.34 (±4.06)/22% for anxiety and 5.08 (±4.82)/22% for depression; in comparison, our historical control had 4.04 (±3.59)/20% for anxiety (p = .79) and 4.03 (±3.62)/17% for depression (p = .49). Mean DT score was 3.68 (±2.77). Responders were aware of COVID-19, afraid of having medical complications, believed it was life-threatening, did not miss appointments, believed their treatment was not impacted, and felt safe at the hospital amid the pandemic. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that anxiety, depression, and distress levels found in RT-HNC patients did not increase during the pandemic. Patients were afraid of being infected by COVID-19; however, they complied with their cancer treatment.

Extraoral photobiomodulation for prevention of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis in head and neck cancer patients: interim analysis of a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of prophylactic extraoral photobiomodulation (PBM) for the prevention of oral and oropharyngeal mucositis (OM) on clinical outcomes and survival in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OOPSCC). METHODS: OOPSCC patients who received radiotherapy (RT) were prospectively randomized to two groups: prophylactic extraoral PBM and placebo. OM grade (NCI), pain (VAS), analgesia, and anti-inflammatory prescriptions were assessed weekly. Quality of life questionnaires (QoL) were performed at the first and last day of RT. Following RT, participants were evaluated quarterly for oncological outcomes follow-up. RESULTS: Fifty-five patients met the inclusion criteria. The first occurrence of OM was observed at week 1, for the placebo group (p = 0.014). Later, OM onset and severity was observed for the PBM group, with first occurrence at week 2 (p = 0.009). No difference in severe OM incidence was observed (p > 0.05). Lower mean pain score was noted at week 7 for the PBM group (2.1) compared to placebo group (4.5) (p = 0.009). Less analgesics (week 3; p = 0.009/week 7; p = 0.02) and anti-inflammatory prescription (week 5; p = 0.0346) were observed for the PBM group. Better QoL scores were observed for the PBM group at last day of RT (p = 0.0034). No difference in overall survival among groups was observed in 1 year of follow-up (p = 0.889). CONCLUSION: Prophylactic extraoral PBM can delay OM onset, reduce pain, and reduce analgesic and anti-inflammatory prescription requirements. Extraoral PBM was associated with better QoL. There was no evidence of PBM impact on oncological outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: TRN:RBR-4w4swx (date of registration: 01/20/2020).

Análise da prevalência de óbitos maternos em São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2008-2018 / Análisis de la prevalencia de muertes maternas en São Luís, Maranhão, durante 2008-2018 / Analysis of the prevalence of maternal deaths in São Luís, Maranhão, during 2008-2018

Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de óbitos maternos ocorridos entre 2008 e 2018. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no município de São Luís, Maranhão. A amostra foi composta por 161 óbitos maternos cujos dados epidemiológicos foram disponibilizados publicamente por meio do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada no 1º semestre de 2021, entre os meses de abril e maio. O tratamento dos dados se deu por meio de análise uni-variada. Resultados: prevalência de mulheres entre 20-29 anos, solteira, de 8-11 anos de estudos e pardas. Quanto ao mês e ano de notificação, houve prevalência em abril e em 2010. A causa mais prevalente foi a eclampsia. Destaca-se que estes óbitos foram mais recorrentes durante o puerpério, até 42 dias. Conclusão: houve redução significativa dos óbitos maternos em um período de 10 anos, porém aumentaram-se os fatores de risco, principalmente cardiovasculares, em mulheres jovens, sendo necessárias as ações de identificação e controle das complicações.(AU)

Objective: to investigate the prevalence of maternal deaths that occurred between 2008 and 2018. Method: descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, conducted in the municipality of São Luís, Maranhão. The sample was composed of 161 maternal deaths whose epidemiological data were publicly available through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System. Data collection was conducted in the 1st half of 2021, between the months of April and May. Data were treated using univariate analysis. Results: prevalence of women aged 20-29 years, single, 8-11 years of schooling, and mixed race. As for the month and year of notification, there was prevalence in April and in 2010. The most prevalent cause was eclampsia. It is noteworthy that these deaths were more recurrent during the puerperium, up to 42 days. Conclusion: there was a significant reduction in maternal deaths over a 10-year period, but risk factors increased, especially cardiovascular factors in young women, requiring actions to identify and control complications(AU)

Objetivo: investigar la prevalencia de las muertes maternas ocurridas entre 2008 y 2018. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en São Luís, Maranhão. La muestra fue compuesta por 161 muertes maternas cuyos datos epidemiológicos fueran disponibles públicamente a través del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud. La recogida de datos se llevó a cabo en el primer semestre de 2021, entre los meses de abril y mayo. El tratamiento de los datos se realiza mediante un análisis univariable. Resultados: prevalencia de mujeres entre 20-29 años, soltera, de 8-11 años de estudios y pardas. En cuanto a los meses y años de notificación, la prevalencia fue en abril y en 2010. La causa más frecuente fue la eclampsia. Destaca que estos óbitos fueron más recorridos durante el puerperio, hasta los 42 días. Conclusión: hube reducción significativa de los óbitos maternos en un período de 10 años, pero aumentó los factores de riesgo, principalmente cardiovasculares, en las mujeres jóvenes, siendo necesarias las acciones de identificación y control de las complicaciones.(AU)

Gerenciamento hospitalar e auditoria das anotações de enfermagem: revisão integrativa / Gestión hospitalaria y auditoría de las notas de enfermería: revisión integradora / Hospital management and audit of nursing notes: integrative review

Objetivo: investigar o gerenciamento hospitalar quanto à auditoria das anotações de enfermagem. Método: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas Bases de Dados da SCIELO e da LILACS cuja coleta foi realizada entre maio e julho de 2021. Após a utilização dos critérios de elegibilidade, a amostra do estudo foi composta por 13 artigos científicos publicados entre os anos de 2011 e 2021. Resultados: os estudos abordam as funcionalidades da auditoria e o seu impacto para o cliente e para a instituição. Os registros de enfermagem completos diminuem o risco de não conformidades que possam ser detectadas pela auditoria respaldando legalmente o profissional pelos procedimentos registrados evitando glosas e gerando lucro. Conclusão: a efetivação da auditoria de enfermagem facilita a avaliação da assistência oferecida, sendo que as anotações de enfermagem têm um papel fundamental e representam uma das fontes de dados de investigação na sua execução e lucro hospitalar.(AU)

Objective: to investigate hospital management regarding the audit of nursing notes. Method: this is an integrative review conducted in the SCIELO and LILACS databases, which were collected between May and July 2021. After using the eligibility criteria, the study sample was composed of 13 scientific articles published between the years 2011 and 2021. Results: the studies address the functionalities of auditing and its impact for the client and the institution. Complete nursing records reduce the risk of noncompliance that can be detected by the audit, legally supporting the professional for the procedures recorded, avoiding disallowances and generating profit. Conclusion: the effectiveness of the nursing audit facilitates the evaluation of the assistance offered, and the nursing notes have a fundamental role and represent one of the sources of investigation data in its execution and hospital profit.(AU)

Objetivo: investigar la gestión hospitalaria en cuanto a la auditoría de las cuotas de enfermería. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora realizada en las Bases de Datas dei SCIELO y dei LILACS cuya coleta se realizá entre mayo y julio de 2021. Tras utilizar los criterios de elegibilidad, la muestra dei estudio estuvo compuesta por 13 artículos científicos publicados entre 2011 y 2021. Resultados: los estudios abordan las funcionalidades de la auditoría y su impacto para el cliente y la institución. Los registros de enfermería completos disminuyen el riesgo de que las no conformidades puedan ser detectadas por la auditoría respaldando legalmente ai profesional por los procedimientos registrados evitando las pérdidas y obteniendo beneficias. Conclusión: la realización de la auditoría de enfermería facilita la evaluación de la asistencia prestada, ya que las anotaciones de enfermería tienen un papel fundamental y representan una de las fuentes de datas de investigación en su ejecución y beneficio hospitalario.(AU)

Perfil epidemiológico dos casos confirmados de infecção por COVID-19 no estado de Minas Gerais / Epidemiological profile of confirmed cases of covid-19 infection in the state of Minas Gerais

Objetivo: identificar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos confirmados de infecção por COVID-19 no Estado de Minas Gerais. Método: trata-se de um estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizada em um banco de dados público da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Minas Gerais. A amostra foi composta por 275 pacientes notificados durante o 1º trimestre de 2020, os quais foram confirmados com COVID-19 em Minas Gerais. Resultados: observou-se prevalência de infecção na cidade de Belo Horizonte (59,3%), seguido das cidades de Juiz de Fora (8,4%) e Nova Lima (7,3%). Com relação ao sexo e idade, foram acometidos em sua maioria adultos jovens com prevalência do sexo masculino (59,6%) e idade entre 20 e 59 anos (80,7%). Conclusão: o coronavírus apresentou alta transmissibilidade, bem como alta difusibilidade, em um curto espaço de tempo no território mineiro, sendo os adultos jovens os principais veículos carreadores para os idosos.(AU)

Objective: to identify the epidemiological profile of confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection in the state of Minas Gerais. Method: this is a descriptive, exploratory, retrospective study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in a public database of the Minas Gerais State Department of Health. The sample was composed of 275 patients notified during the 1st quarter of 2020, who were confirmed with COVID-19 in Minas Gerais. Results: prevalence of infection was observed in the city of Belo Horizonte (59.3%), followed by the cities of Juiz de Fora (8.4%) and Nova Lima (7.3%). Regarding sex and age, most young adults were affected, with a prevalence of males (59.6%) and ages between 20 and 59 years (80.7%). Conclusion: the coronavirus showed high transmissibility, as well as high diffusibility, in a short period of time in the territory of Minas Gerais, young adults being the main carriers for the elderly.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar el perfil epidemiológico de casos confirmados de infección por COVID-19 en Minas Gerais. Método: se trata de un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, cuantitativo, realizado en una base de datos pública de la Secretaría de Salud del Estado de Minas Gerais. La muestra se compone de 275 pacientes notificados durante el primer trimestre de 2020, que fueron confirmados con COVID-19 en Minas Gerais. Resultados: la prevalencia de infección se observó en la ciudad de Belo Horizonte (59,3%), seguida de Juiz de Fora (8,4%) y Nova Lima (7,3%). En cuanto al género y la edad, la mayoría de los adultos jóvenes estaban afectados, con una prevalencia de varones (59,6%) y con edades comprendidas entre los 20 y los 59 años (80,7%). Conclusión: el coronavirus presentó una alta transmisibilidad y difusibilidad, en un corto espacio de tiempo en el territorio minero, siendo los adultos jóvenes los principales vehículos para los ancianos. (AU)

Clinical and Laboratory Profile of People Living with HIV/AIDS with Oral Kaposi Sarcoma.

The aim of this article was to evaluate the clinical and laboratory profile of people with oral Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) associated with AIDS (KS-AIDS), followed-up at a public university hospital in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, in the past 10 years. We identified patients diagnosed with KS-AIDS, presenting oral manifestation from January 2007 to December 2017. We searched, in the hospital information systems, the patient demographics, diagnostic data, treatment, image studies, and oral photographic records. Of the 39 cases of KS-AIDS identified at the institution, 14 (22.8%) presented oral lesions. There was a predominance of black men, with a mean age of 32.5 years. Most cases (85.1%) manifested signs of KS simultaneously with the diagnosis of HIV infection, with extremely low initial CD4 T cell counts (average of 52.6 cells/mm2) and visceral involvement (64.3%). The palate (32.1%) and gingiva (21.4%) were the most affected oral sites. Histologically, the tumors exhibited proliferation of spindle cells between vascular clefts and extravasated erythrocytes. Oral KS-AIDS was frequent in young black adult men, with severe immunosuppression and high viral load counting, mostly with lesions manifested in the same period of diagnosis of infection by the HIV.