Enterobacter cloacae harbouring blaKPC-2 and qnrB-1 isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient: a case report.

We describe the first detection of a KPC-2- and QnrB-producing Enterobacter cloacae from a patient with cystic fibrosis. The blaKPC-2 and qnrB-1 genes were located in a 79.8-kb plasmid. The presence of blaKPC-2 and qnrB-1 genes was determined by PCR and sequencing. Mobilization of plasmid containing blaKPC2 gene was assayed by conjugation.

Identification and mapping of resistance genes to Phakopsora pachyrhizi in soybean (Glycine max L.) accession PI 594767-A.

The goal of this study was to study resistance inheritance in the soybean (Glycine max L.) accession PI 594767-A to the Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolate PPUFV02, and map the resistance gene(s) identified using microsatellite markers. Crosses between PI 594767-A and the susceptible cultivar 'Conquista' gave rise to the segregating subpopulations 26C-2 and 26C-5, which in the F2 generation were evaluated for their reactions to PPUFV02. In addition, analyses with microsatellite markers linked to the Rpp1-Rpp5 loci were also performed. The segregation pattern obtained in 26C-2 revealed that resistance was governed by a recessive gene; a 1:2:1 segregation pattern was observed in 26C-5, indicating control by a gene with partial dominance. This variability may have been caused because environmental conditions, particularly temperature, when 26C-5 was assessed were unfavorable for pathogen development, allowing the phenotypic expression of heterozygous alleles in PI 594767-A. A resistance gene was located in the soybean linkage group G, in the genomic region between Sct_187r2 and Sat_064 that contains the Rpp1 locus. Resistance in PI 594767-A is probably conferred by a new Rpp1 gene allele, because this accession has a haplotype for Sct_187r2 and Sat_064, which differs from haplotypes of accessions that also contain resistance alleles that map the Rpp1 locus. The use of Sct_187r2 and Sat_064 will facilitate the introgression of the resistance allele from PI 594767-A and its pyramiding with other resistance genes into genotypes with superior agronomic characteristics, in order to obtain cultivars with broad-spectrum resistance to P. pachyrhizi.

Genetically modified crops: Brazilian law and overview.

In Brazil, the first genetically modified (GM) crop was released in 1998, and it is estimated that 84, 78, and 50% of crop areas containing soybean, corn, and cotton, respectively, were transgenic in 2012. This intense and rapid adoption rate confirms that the choice to use technology has been the main factor in developing national agriculture. Thus, this review focuses on understanding these dynamics in the context of farmers, trade relations, and legislation. To accomplish this goal, a survey was conducted using the database of the National Cultivar Registry and the National Service for Plant Variety Protection of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply [Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA)] between 1998 and October 13, 2013. To date, 36 events have been released: five for soybeans, 18 for corn, 12 for cotton, and one for beans. From these events, 1395 cultivars have been developed and registered: 582 for soybean, 783 for corn and 30 for cotton. Monsanto owns 73.05% of the technologies used to develop these cultivars, while the Dow AgroScience - DuPont partnership and Syngenta have 16.34 and 4.37% ownership, respectively. Thus, the provision of transgenic seeds by these companies is an oligopoly supported by legislation. Moreover, there has been a rapid replacement of conventional crops by GM crops, whose technologies belong almost exclusively to four multinational companies, with the major ownership by Monsanto. These results reflect a warning to the government of the increased dependence on multinational corporations for key agricultural commodities.

Genótipos de tomateiro do banco de germoplasma de hortaliças da UFV resistentes à pinta preta / Tomato genotypes from BGH-UFV resistant to early blight

A pinta preta do tomateiro é uma das principais doenças da cultura. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar 49 subamostras de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV) quanto à pinta preta. O experimento ocorreu em Viçosa, MG, entre dezembro de 2007 e abril de 2008. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições e as testemunhas Débora, Fanny, Santa Clara e IPA-6. Realizaram-se cinco avaliações com base na severidade da doença. Com os valores de severidade calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), possibilitando uma melhor visualização dos resultados. Foi realizada a análise de variância, seguido do agrupamento das médias de AACPD pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de significância. As subamostras BGH-2109, BGH-2110, BGH-2115, BGH-2122, BGH-2134, BGH-2135 e BGH-2142 apresentaram menor média de AACPD em relação às testemunhas, podendo ser utilizadas em futuros programas de melhoramento.

Tomato early blight is one of the most important diseases of this crop. The aim of this study was to characterize 49 tomato sub-samples of the Vegetable Germoplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV) for early blight. The assay was carried out in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between December 2007 and April 2008. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block with three replications and the controls Débora, Fanny, Santa Clara and Ipa-6. There were 5 evaluationsbased on the disease severity. With the severity values, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated, enabling a better visualization of the results. Variance analysis was performed, followed by the grouping of the AUDPC averages by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% significance level. The sub-samples BGH-2109, BGH-2110, BGH-2115, BGH-2122, BGH-2134, BGH-2135 and BGH-2142 had a lower AUDPC average in relation to the controls, and could be used in future breeding programs.

Distribution and factors associated with Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in the south of Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Fasciolosis is a disease that affects the liver parenchyma and bile ducts of numerous animals, including humans, which causes economic losses and threatens public health. The present work aimed at reporting the distribution and factors connected with Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in ten municipalities in southern Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. During this period, 50 rural properties in ten cities were analyzed and fecal samples from 10 percent of the cattle on each farm were collected. Of the 717 samples analyzed, 154 (21.33 percent) presented Fasciola hepatica eggs. As for the 50 rural properties studied, 32 (64 percent) had animals positive for fasciolosis. Throughout the evaluation, it was observed that 42 (84 percent) rural properties had flooded areas, 33 (66 percent) were located at altitudes less than 226 meters, in 36 (72 percent) mollusks were found, 47 (94 percent) had other definitive hosts (horses, sheep, goats) and 25 (50 percent) had previous cases of bovine fasciolosis. The present results showed a high rate of bovine fasciolosis in the analyzed region whereas infected animals are present in all the municipalities. Based on statistical analysis, it was concluded that there was an association between the presence of flooded areas and other definitive hosts in rural properties where bovine fasciolosis was detected.

Distribution and factors associated with Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in the south of Espírito Santo State, Brazil

Fasciolosis is a disease that affects the liver parenchyma and bile ducts of numerous animals, including humans, which causes economic losses and threatens public health. The present work aimed at reporting the distribution and factors connected with Fasciola hepatica infection in cattle in ten municipalities in southern Espírito Santo, Brazil, between 2008 and 2009. During this period, 50 rural properties in ten cities were analyzed and fecal samples from 10 percent of the cattle on each farm were collected. Of the 717 samples analyzed, 154 (21.33 percent) presented Fasciola hepatica eggs. As for the 50 rural properties studied, 32 (64 percent) had animals positive for fasciolosis. Throughout the evaluation, it was observed that 42 (84 percent) rural properties had flooded areas, 33 (66 percent) were located at altitudes less than 226 meters, in 36 (72 percent) mollusks were found, 47 (94 percent) had other definitive hosts (horses, sheep, goats) and 25 (50 percent) had previous cases of bovine fasciolosis. The present results showed a high rate of bovine fasciolosis in the analyzed region whereas infected animals are present in all the municipalities. Based on statistical analysis, it was concluded that there was an association between the presence of flooded areas and other definitive hosts in rural properties where bovine fasciolosis was detected.(AU)

GENÓTIPOS DE TOMATEIRO DO BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA DE HORTALIÇAS DA UFV RESISTENTES À PINTA PRETA

ABSTRACT Tomato early blight is one of the most important diseases of this crop. The aim of this study was to characterize 49 tomato sub-samples of the Vegetable Germoplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV) for early blight. The assay was carried out in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, between December 2007 and April 2008. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block with three replications and the controls Débora, Fanny, Santa Clara and Ipa-6. There were 5 evaluationsbased on the disease severity. With the severity values, the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated, enabling a better visualization of the results. Variance analysis was performed, followed by the grouping of the AUDPC averages by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% significance level. The sub-samples BGH-2109, BGH-2110, BGH-2115, BGH-2122, BGH-2134, BGH-2135 and BGH-2142 had a lower AUDPC average in relation to the controls, and could be used in future breeding programs.

RESUMO A pinta preta do tomateiro é uma das principais doenças da cultura. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar 49 subamostras de tomateiro do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (BGH-UFV) quanto à pinta preta. O experimento ocorreu em Viçosa, MG, entre dezembro de 2007 e abril de 2008. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições e as testemunhas Débora, Fanny, Santa Clara e IPA-6. Realizaram-se cinco avaliações com base na severidade da doença. Com os valores de severidade calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), possibilitando uma melhor visualização dos resultados. Foi realizada a análise de variância, seguido do agrupamento das médias de AACPD pelo teste de Scott-Knott, a 5% de significância. As subamostras BGH-2109, BGH-2110, BGH-2115, BGH-2122, BGH-2134, BGH-2135 e BGH-2142 apresentaram menor média de AACPD em relação às testemunhas, podendo ser utilizadas em futuros programas de melhoramento.