Seroprevalence, Prevalence, and Genomic Surveillance: Monitoring the Initial Phases of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Betim, Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented need for epidemiological monitoring using diverse strategies. We conducted a project combining prevalence, seroprevalence, and genomic surveillance approaches to describe the initial pandemic stages in Betim City, Brazil. We collected 3239 subjects in a population-based age-, sex- and neighborhood-stratified, household, prospective; cross-sectional study divided into three surveys 21 days apart sampling the same geographical area. In the first survey, overall prevalence (participants positive in serological or molecular tests) reached 0.46% (90% CI 0.12-0.80%), followed by 2.69% (90% CI 1.88-3.49%) in the second survey and 6.67% (90% CI 5.42-7.92%) in the third. The underreporting reached 11, 19.6, and 20.4 times in each survey. We observed increased odds to test positive in females compared to males (OR 1.88 95% CI 1.25-2.82), while the single best predictor for positivity was ageusia/anosmia (OR 8.12, 95% CI 4.72-13.98). Thirty-five SARS-CoV-2 genomes were sequenced, of which 18 were classified as lineage B.1.1.28, while 17 were B.1.1.33. Multiple independent viral introductions were observed. Integration of multiple epidemiological strategies was able to adequately describe COVID-19 dispersion in the city. Presented results have helped local government authorities to guide pandemic management.

Antinociceptive effect of lupeol: evidence for a role of cytokines inhibition.

The present study investigates the antinociceptive properties of lupeol in models of inflammatory and post-operative pain, as well as its mechanisms of action. The effects of lupeol were tested against acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin test, carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, and post-operative pain model. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISA. Mice motor performance was evaluated in the rota rod and open-field tests. Pre-treatment of mice with lupeol (5-100 mg/kg IP) produced a dose-related inhibition of writhing in mice. The maximal antinociception produced by lupeol (60 mg/kg) was unaffected in mice pre-treated with yohimbine (α2 adrenoceptor antagonist; 2 mg/kg IP), L-arginine (substrate for nitric oxide synthase; 600 mg/kg IP), glibenclamide (the KATP-channel blocker; 2 mg/kg IP), and methysergide maleate (serotoninergic receptors antagonist; 5 mg/kg IP). Furthermore, lupeol (25-100 mg/kg) inhibited the late phase of formalin test. Pre-treatment with lupeol (50 and 100 mg/kg) inhibited the hyperalgesia and the local increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) levels induced by carrageenan. In contrast, lupeol did not inhibit the post-operative pain. Lupeol-treated mice did not show any motor performance alterations or apparent systemic toxicity. Our results demonstrate that lupeol has consistent antinociceptive properties during inflammatory pain, but not post-operative pain, acting through the inhibition of IL-1ß and TNF-α production.

Anemia hemolítica autoimune induzida por ceftriaxona: relato de caso e breve revisão da literatura / Ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolysis: case report and a concise review of the literature

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: As cefalosporinas de segunda e terceira geração têm sido descritas como a causa mais comum de anemia hemolítica (HA) induzida por fármacos. A AH causada por ceftriaxona apesar de ser um evento raro, vem sendo descrita tanto em crianças quanto em adultos sendo estes a maioria idosa, acima de 60 anos. A apresentação clínica da AH induzida pelo ceftriaxona é usualmente abrupta com palidez, taquipneia,parada cardiorrespiratória e choque. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de AH autoimune associada ao ceftriaxona com evolução fatal e breve revisão da literatura. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo feminino, 55 anos, com diagnóstico de infecção urinária apresentou AH autoimune intravascular com hemoglobina de 4,5 g/dL, após infusão de ceftriaxona não sobrevivendo ao evento apesar de todo o suporte intensivo. CONCLUSÃO: O ceftriaxona é um fármaco comumente usado e pode causar AH fatal; o reconhecimento precoce da AH e a instituição de suporte intensivo são fundamentais para a tentativa de um prognóstico mais favorável.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The second and third generation cephalosporins have been reported as the most common cause of drug-induced hemolytic anemia (HA). The ceftriaxone-induced HA despite being a rare event, has been described both in children and adults and these mostly elderly above 60 years. The clinical presentation of ceftriaxone-induced HA isusually abrupt with pallor, tachypnea, cardio-respiratory arrestand shock. We report here a ceftriaxone-induced HA case withfatal outcome and a concise review of the literature. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 55 years, with urinary infection had HA autoimmune intravascular resulting in hemoglobinof 4.5 g/dL, after ceftriaxone infusion, not surviving the event despite all the intensive care. CONCLUSION: Ceftriaxone is a drug commonly used and can cause fatal HA; early recognition of HA and the institution of intensive support are essential for attempting a more favorable prognosis.

Avaliação clínica de restaurações com compômero em dentes decíduos: estudo retrospectivo / Clinical evaluation of compomers restorations in primary teeth: retrospective study

Este estudo avaliou a eficácia do uso dos compômeros em restaurações de dentes decíduos de crianças atendidas na clínica de odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia de Pernambuco -FOP/UPE no período enttre 1999 e 2001, mediante um estudo clínico retrospectivo com 41 crianças. Foi verificado o desempenho clínico das restaurações, presentes na cavidade bucal há 12 e 24 meses, buscando-se verificar a retenção e integridade das restaurações. Os dentes foram classificados quanto ao sucesso e insucesso do material, sendo considerados os escores 0 e 1 como sucesso e os 2 e 3, com insucesso. Da amostra total de 88 dentes, 9 foram eliminados por estarem ausentes no momento do exame, restando 79 dentes. Os resultados revelaram que o percentual de sucesso do tratamento foi de 73,4 por cento e que os melhores resultados foram apresentados pelos elementos que constituíam a região posterior (1° e 2° molares decíduos)com 75,4 por cento e os do arco superior, com 79,5 por cento...