[Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and metabolic syndrome in over 50-year-olds in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain]. / Prevalencia de obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia y síndrome metabólico en adultos mayores de 50 años de Sanlúcar de Barrameda.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish province of Cádiz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Cádiz. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were women. Overall, 46% of men and 61.7% of women were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were obese; 29.4% and 26.1% had diabetes; 45% and 52.4% had hypertension; 40.9% and 45.1% had hypercholesterolemia; and 58.8% and 57% had metabolic syndrome as defined by NCEP/ATP-III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and obesity in men and between educational level and diabetes and metabolic syndrome in women. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanlúcar de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings.

Prevalencia de obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia y síndrome metabólico en adultos mayores de 50 años de Sanlúcar de Barrameda / Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and metabolic syndrome in over 50-year-olds in Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Spain

Introducción y objetivos. Cádiz es una de las provincias con los marcadores socioeconómicos más desfavorables y la mayor morbimortalidad cardiovascular de España. Se estudia la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población adulta de Sanlúcar de Barrameda. Métodos. Estudio poblacional con selección aleatoria de una muestra representativa constituida por 858 individuos con edades entre 50 y 75 años. Descripción de la prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular principales ajustada por edad y sexo. Resultados. La media de edad de los pacientes era 61,5 años, con un 53,6% de mujeres. La prevalencia de sujetos sin estudios en varones y mujeres fue del 46 y el 61,7%; de tabaquismo activo, el 23,7 y el 7,9%; de sedentarismo, el 30,9 y el 44,8%; de obesidad, el 54 y el 55,9%; de diabetes, el 29,4 y el 26,1%; de hipertensión, el 45 y el 52,4%; de hipercolesterolemia, el 40,9 y el 45,1%, y de síndrome metabólico (NCEP/ATP-III), el 58,8 y el 57%. Con excepción del tabaquismo, la prevalencia de todos los factores de riesgo aumentó con la edad. Se aprecia una asociación significativa e inversa del nivel de estudios con la obesidad en varones, y con la diabetes y el síndrome metabólico en mujeres. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en adultos de 50 a 75 años de Sanlúcar de Barrameda es extraordinariamente elevada. Las prevalencias de obesidad, diabetes y síndrome metabólico se encuentran entre las más elevadas de las que se ha comunicado hasta el momento en España. Un nivel de estudios muy bajo puede estar en relación con un perfil de riesgo tan elevado (AU)

Introduction and objectives. The Spanish province of Cadiz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanlucar de Barrameda in Cadiz. Methods. This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. Results. The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were women. Overall, 46% of men and 61.7% of women were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were obese; 29.4% and 26.1% had diabetes; 45% and 52.4% had hypertension; 40.9% and 45.1% had hypercholesterolemia; and 58.8% and 57% had metabolic syndrome as defined by NCEP/ATP-III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and obesity in men and between educational level and diabetes and metabolic syndrome in women. Conclusions. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanlucar de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings (AU)

Does diagnosis of metabolic syndrome predict the likelihood of peripheral arterial disease as defined by a low ankle-brachial index?

BACKGROUND: There is limited information about whether a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MS) predicts peripheral arterial disease independently of diabetes. This study assessed whether MS adds prognostic information beyond that relating to diabetes in the identification of a low ankle-brachial index (ABI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study of people aged 50-75 years. METHODS: Eight hundred and fifty-eight participants were randomly selected. The likelihood of low ABI (<0.90) was calculated according to MS status before and after excluding diabetes. The National Cholesterol Education Panel and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions of MS were used. RESULTS: The prevalence of National Cholesterol Education Panel-defined and IDF-defined MS, and low ABI was 57.8, 61.1 and 7.5%, respectively. When there were participants with three or more criteria for MS, participants with only three criteria, and participants with four or five criteria were compared with participants without MS, the odds ratio for low ABI was 1.89 (95% confidence interval, 1.08-3.30), 1.34 (0.70-2.60) and 2.70 (1.45-5.03), respectively. The association of MS and low ABI lost statistical significance after excluding diabetes. No difference was observed using the IDF definition of MS. CONCLUSION: Screening of participants with MS does not improve the identification of abnormal ABI provided by diabetes.