A century of statistical Ecology.

As data and computing power have surged in recent decades, statistical modeling has become an important tool for understanding ecological patterns and processes. Statistical modeling in ecology faces two major challenges. First, ecological data may not conform to traditional methods, and second, professional ecologists often do not receive extensive statistical training. In response to these challenges, the journal Ecology has published many innovative statistical ecology papers that introduced novel modeling methods and provided accessible guides to statistical best practices. In this paper, we reflect on Ecology's history and its role in the emergence of the subdiscipline of statistical ecology, which we define as the study of ecological systems using mathematical equations, probability, and empirical data. We showcase 36 influential statistical ecology papers that have been published in Ecology over the last century and, in so doing, comment on the evolution of the field. As data and computing power continue to increase, we anticipate continued growth in statistical ecology to tackle complex analyses and an expanding role for Ecology to publish innovative and influential papers, advancing the discipline and guiding practicing ecologists.

Amount of Dentifrice and Fluoride Concentration Affect the pH and Inorganic Composition of Dual-Species Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.

This work assessed the influence of the amount of dentifrice and fluoride (F) concentration in the product on the pH and inorganic components of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans dual-species biofilms. The biofilms were treated with suspensions of fluoride dentifrices containing 550 or 1100 ppm of F (550 F or 1100 F, respectively) administered at comparable intensities: (i-1) 550 F/0.08 g or 1100 F/0.04 g; (i-2) 550 F/0.16 g or 1100 F/0.08 g; and (i-3) 550 F/0.32 g or 1100 F/0.16 g. A placebo dentifrice (without NaF, 0.32 g) was used as a negative control. After the last treatment, the biofilm pH was measured and the F, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) concentrations were determined. Data were subjected to an ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and a Student-Newman-Keuls test. The highest biofilm pH and F concentrations (biomass and fluid) were observed for 1100 F at i-3. Overall, 1100 F resulted in F levels similar to 550 F for i-1 and i-2. In addition, 550 F applied at i-2 and i-3 led to higher F in the biomass/fluid compared to 1100 F applied at i-1 and i-2, respectively. In biomass, the lowest Ca concentrations were observed for 1100 F at i-3. The conclusion drawn is that the treatment intensity holds greater significance as a parameter compared to the concentration of F or the amount of dentifrice when considered individually.

Composition, Antibiofilm, and Antibacterial Potential of Volatile Oils from Geopropolis of Different Stingless Bees' Species.

We aimed to characterize and investigate the antibacterial potential of the native stingless bees geopropolis volatile oils (VO) for the search of potentially new bioactive compounds. Geopropolis samples from Melipona bicolor schencki, M. compressipes manaosensis, M. fasciculata, M. quadrifasciata, M. marginata and M. seminigra merrillae were collected from hives in South Brazil. VO were obtained by hydrodistillation and characterised by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial activity was assessed by microplate dilution method. The lowest MIC against cell walled bacteria was 219±0 µg mL-1 from M. quadrifasciata geopropolis VO with Staphylococcus aureus. The M. b. schencki geopropolis VO minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) was 424±0 µg mL-1 against all the mycoplasma strains evaluated. Fractionation resulted in the reduction of 50 % of the MIC value from the original oil. However, its compounds' synergism seems to be essential to this activity. Antibiofilm assays demonstrated 15.25 % eradication activity and 13.20 % inhibition of biofilm formation after 24 h for one subfraction at 2× its MIC as the best results found. This may be one of the essential mechanisms by which geopropolis VOs perform their antimicrobial activity.

Clinical Features and Management of Patients Assessed by Cardiology Teleconsultation in the Brazilian Region with the Highest Number of Isolated Cities. / Características Clínicas e Manejo de Pacientes Avaliados por Teleconsulta Cardiológica na Região Brasileira com Maior Número de Cidades Isoladas.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of adult mortality. Geographically remote and low-income Brazilian regions lack specialized consultations. The telemedicine management of this population by cardiologists is not fully known. OBJECTIVES: To analyze cardiology teleconsultation in the Brazilian region with the highest number of isolated cities. METHODS: From February 2020 to October 2021, patients from the North Region of Brazil evaluated by local general practitioners were referred for cardiological evaluation by telemedicine. Referral reasons, demographics, clinical history, physical examinations, tests, medications, and prescriptions pre- and post-telemedicine were analyzed (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant). RESULTS: We analyzed 653 patients. The attendance rate was 85.7% (53.1% female, mean age: 54.2±6.5 years). The main reasons for referral were cardiovascular symptoms (58.1%) and risk factors among asymptomatic patients (13.3%). Only 12.6% had a diagnosed disease. Most patients had regular physical examinations and electrocardiograms. Few had recent complementary tests. The prescription of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers and statins was significantly increased, while that of digoxin, noncardiac beta-blockers and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was decreased at the first teleconsultation. Most of the tests requested were of low complexity and cost: electrocardiogram (28.2%), chest X-ray (14%), echocardiogram (64.5%) and blood tests (71.8%). For 2.1% of patients, interventions were indicated, and 8% were discharged after the first consultation. CONCLUSION: On-demand cardiology teleconsultation contributes to heart disease treatment optimization. Most patients were referred with syndromic diagnoses without previous complementary tests. The specialist workup requested was usually available locally and at a low cost but precluded early discharge. Local training could optimize the referral.

FUNDAMENTO: As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo. Regiões brasileiras geograficamente remotas e de baixa renda carecem de consultas especializadas. Não se tem conhecimento total acerca do manejo por telemedicina dessa população por parte de cardiologistas. OBJETIVOS: Analisar a teleconsulta cardiológica na região brasileira com maior número de municípios isolados. MÉTODOS: Entre fevereiro de 2020 e outubro de 2021, pacientes da Região Norte do Brasil avaliados por médicos generalistas locais foram encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica por telemedicina. Foram analisados os motivos do encaminhamento, dados demográficos, histórico clínico, exames físicos, exames complementares, medicamentos e prescrições pré e pós-telemedicina (considerou-se p<0,05 como estatisticamente significativo). RESULTADOS: Analisamos 653 pacientes. A taxa de frequência foi de 85,7% (53,1% do sexo feminino, idade média: 54,2±6,5 anos). Os principais motivos de encaminhamento foram sintomas cardiovasculares (58,1%) e fatores de risco entre pacientes assintomáticos (13,3%). Apenas 12,6% apresentava alguma doença diagnosticada. A maioria dos pacientes havia passado por exame físico e eletrocardiogramas regulares. Poucos tinham exames complementares recentes. A prescrição de bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina (BRA), bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio e estatinas aumentou significativamente, enquanto a de digoxina, betabloqueadores não cardíacos e ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) diminuiu na primeira teleconsulta. A maioria dos exames complementares solicitados era de baixa complexidade e custo: eletrocardiograma (28,2%), radiografia de tórax (14%), ecocardiograma (64,5%) e exames de sangue (71,8%). Para 2,1% dos pacientes, foram indicadas intervenções, e 8% recebeu alta após a primeira consulta. CONCLUSÃO: A teleconsulta cardiológica sob demanda contribui para a otimização do tratamento das doenças cardíacas. A maioria dos pacientes foi encaminhada com diagnósticos sindrômicos sem exames complementares prévios. A avaliação especializada solicitada geralmente estava disponível localmente e com baixo custo, mas impedia a alta precoce. Capacitação local poderia otimizar o encaminhamento.

Características Clínicas e Manejo de Pacientes Avaliados por Teleconsulta Cardiológica na Região Brasileira com Maior Número de Cidades Isoladas / Clinical Features and Management of Patients Assessed by Cardiology Teleconsultation in the Brazilian Region with the Highest Number of Isolated Cities

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo. Regiões brasileiras geograficamente remotas e de baixa renda carecem de consultas especializadas. Não se tem conhecimento total acerca do manejo por telemedicina dessa população por parte de cardiologistas. Objetivos Analisar a teleconsulta cardiológica na região brasileira com maior número de municípios isolados. Métodos Entre fevereiro de 2020 e outubro de 2021, pacientes da Região Norte do Brasil avaliados por médicos generalistas locais foram encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica por telemedicina. Foram analisados os motivos do encaminhamento, dados demográficos, histórico clínico, exames físicos, exames complementares, medicamentos e prescrições pré e pós-telemedicina (considerou-se p<0,05 como estatisticamente significativo). Resultados Analisamos 653 pacientes. A taxa de frequência foi de 85,7% (53,1% do sexo feminino, idade média: 54,2±6,5 anos). Os principais motivos de encaminhamento foram sintomas cardiovasculares (58,1%) e fatores de risco entre pacientes assintomáticos (13,3%). Apenas 12,6% apresentava alguma doença diagnosticada. A maioria dos pacientes havia passado por exame físico e eletrocardiogramas regulares. Poucos tinham exames complementares recentes. A prescrição de bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina (BRA), bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio e estatinas aumentou significativamente, enquanto a de digoxina, betabloqueadores não cardíacos e ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) diminuiu na primeira teleconsulta. A maioria dos exames complementares solicitados era de baixa complexidade e custo: eletrocardiograma (28,2%), radiografia de tórax (14%), ecocardiograma (64,5%) e exames de sangue (71,8%). Para 2,1% dos pacientes, foram indicadas intervenções, e 8% recebeu alta após a primeira consulta. Conclusão A teleconsulta cardiológica sob demanda contribui para a otimização do tratamento das doenças cardíacas. A maioria dos pacientes foi encaminhada com diagnósticos sindrômicos sem exames complementares prévios. A avaliação especializada solicitada geralmente estava disponível localmente e com baixo custo, mas impedia a alta precoce. Capacitação local poderia otimizar o encaminhamento.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of adult mortality. Geographically remote and low-income Brazilian regions lack specialized consultations. The telemedicine management of this population by cardiologists is not fully known. Objectives To analyze cardiology teleconsultation in the Brazilian region with the highest number of isolated cities. Methods From February 2020 to October 2021, patients from the North Region of Brazil evaluated by local general practitioners were referred for cardiological evaluation by telemedicine. Referral reasons, demographics, clinical history, physical examinations, tests, medications, and prescriptions pre- and post-telemedicine were analyzed (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results We analyzed 653 patients. The attendance rate was 85.7% (53.1% female, mean age: 54.2±6.5 years). The main reasons for referral were cardiovascular symptoms (58.1%) and risk factors among asymptomatic patients (13.3%). Only 12.6% had a diagnosed disease. Most patients had regular physical examinations and electrocardiograms. Few had recent complementary tests. The prescription of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers and statins was significantly increased, while that of digoxin, noncardiac beta-blockers and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was decreased at the first teleconsultation. Most of the tests requested were of low complexity and cost: electrocardiogram (28.2%), chest X-ray (14%), echocardiogram (64.5%) and blood tests (71.8%). For 2.1% of patients, interventions were indicated, and 8% were discharged after the first consultation. Conclusion On-demand cardiology teleconsultation contributes to heart disease treatment optimization. Most patients were referred with syndromic diagnoses without previous complementary tests. The specialist workup requested was usually available locally and at a low cost but precluded early discharge. Local training could optimize the referral.

Light and thermal niches of ground-foraging Amazonian insectivorous birds.

Insectivores of the tropical rainforest floor are consistently among the most vulnerable birds to forest clearing and fragmentation. Several hypotheses attempt to explain this pattern, including sensitivity to extreme microclimates found near forest borders, particularly brighter and warmer conditions. Importantly, this "microclimate hypothesis" has additional implications for intact forest under global climate change that could be evaluated through direct assessment of the light and temperature environment of terrestrial insectivores. In this study, we harness novel technology to directly quantify the light and thermal niches of 10 species of terrestrial insectivores in undisturbed Amazonian rainforest. Loggers placed on birds (N = 33) and their environment (N = 9) recorded nearly continuous microclimate data from 2017 to 2019, amassing >5 million measurements. We found that midday light intensity in tree fall gaps (~39,000 lux) was >40 times higher than at the ground level of forest interior (950 lux). Light intensity registered by sensors placed on birds averaged 17.4 (range 3.9-41.5) lux, with species using only 4.3% (0.9%-10.4%) of available light on the forest floor. Birds therefore selected very dark microhabitats-the light environment was >2200 times brighter in tree fall gaps. Bird thermal niche was a function of ambient temperature as well as body temperature, which averaged >40.5°C but varied among species. Forest floor temperature peaked daily at 27.0°C, whereas bird loggers averaged 35.1°C (34.5-35.7°C) at midday. The antpitta Myrmothera campanisona and the antthrush Formicarius colma used thermal conditions closest to their body temperatures, whereas leaftossers (Sclerurus spp.) and Myrmornis torquata occupied relatively cool microclimates. We found no general link between abundance trends and variation in species-specific light and thermal niches. However, all species occupied markedly dim and cool microclimates. Because such conditions are rare outside the interior of primary forest, these results support the microclimate hypothesis in disturbed landscapes. Moreover, strong avoidance of conditions that are becoming more common under climate change highlights the vulnerability of terrestrial insectivores even in the absence of disturbance and may be the reason for enigmatic declines in Amazonia and elsewhere.

Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação na Atenção Básica: o blog a serviço da formação em Odontologia / Information and Communication Technologies in Primary Care: the blog at the service of Dentistrytraining

A incorporação de ferramentas tecnológicas na atividade docente apresenta-se como estratégica para a transformação do ensino em Odontologia,modificando o processo de formação discente por meio da implementação de Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de caráter exploratório e descritivo, construído a partir de um projeto de monitoriadesenvolvido no ano de 2016 envolvendo discentes e docentes vinculados ao componente curricular Saúde Coletiva I da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE) campus Arcoverde. Diante da aplicação de um questionário de avaliação do trabalho desenvolvido, 17 (94,4%) discentes afirmaram que o método aplicado complementou o conhecimento de Saúde Coletiva, com 3(16,7%) e 9(50,0%) discentes classificando respectivamente as atividades e os meios de interação como excelentes e ótimos.A utilização do ambiente virtual apresentou-se como uma ferramenta importante na ampliação dos espaços de ensino-aprendizagem para além da sala de aula, favorecendo a inclusão digital, socializando produtos e estimulando a integração dos participantes em torno da temática (AU).

The incorporation of technological tools in teaching presents itself as strategic for the transformation of teaching in Dentistry, changing the process of student education through the implementation of Information and Communication Technologies. This is an experience report of exploratory and descriptive nature, built from a monitoring project developed in 2016 involving students and teachers linked to the curricular component Collective Health I of the Facultyof Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (UPE) Arcoverde campus. When a questionnaire was applied toevaluate the work developed, 17 (94.4%) students stated that the method applied complemented their knowledge of Collective Health, with 3 (16.7%) and 9 (50.0%) students respectively classifying the activities and the means of interaction as excellent and excellent. The use of the virtual environment presented itself as an important tool in expanding the teaching-learning spaces beyond the classroom, favoring digital inclusion, socializing products, and stimulating the integration of participants around thetheme (AU).

Morphological consequences of climate change for resident birds in intact Amazonian rainforest.

Warming from climate change is expected to reduce body size of endotherms, but studies from temperate systems have produced equivocal results. Over four decades, we collected morphometric data on a nonmigratory understory bird community within Amazonian primary rainforest that is experiencing increasingly extreme climate. All 77 species showed lower mean mass since the early 1980s­nearly half with 95% confidence. A third of species concomitantly increased wing length, driving a decrease in mass:wing ratio for 69% of species. Seasonal precipitation patterns were generally better than temperature at explaining morphological variation. Short-term climatic conditions affected all metrics, but time trends in wing and mass:wing remained robust even after controlling for annual seasonal conditions. We attribute these results to pressures to increase resource economy under warming. Both seasonal and long-term morphological shifts suggest response to climate change and highlight its pervasive consequences, even in the heart of the world's largest rainforest.

Uterotrophic and in vitro screening for (anti)estrogenic activity of dipyrone.

Dipyrone is a commonly used analgesic in many countries and there is limited data on its possible endocrine disrupting effects. We performed a screening for in vivo and in vitro anti(estrogenic) activity of dipyrone. For the in vivo uterotrophic assay, immature female rats (22-days-old) were treated daily by oral gavage for three days with different doses of dipyrone alone (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day) and associated with three ethynylestradiol (EE) doses (1, 3 and 10 µg/kg/day), which were based on a dose-response curve experiment. The uterine weight was used as a biomarker for estrogenicity. In a parallel in vitro approach, we used a yeast-based transcriptional activation reporter gene assay (Yeast Estrogen Screening - YES) for assessment of estrogenic agonistic and antagonistic effects of dipyrone and its main metabolites 4-methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-aminoantipyrine (AA). In the uterotrophic assay, animals that received EE at 1, 3 and 10 µg/kg/day showed an increase in relative uterine weight compared with vehicle-only rats (canola oil). Dipyrone did not increase uterine weight at any dose tested (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day) in relation to vehicle control, indicating absence of estrogenic activity. Furthermore, co-administration of dipyrone (50 and 200 mg/kg/day) and EE (1, 3 or 10 µg/kg/day) was unable to block EE estrogenic action in comparison to the groups treated with EE alone, indicating absence of antiestrogenic activity. In the YES assay dipyrone and its metabolites did not demonstrate estrogen agonistic or antagonistic properties in the yeast cells. These results suggest that dipyrone and its metabolites do not produce (anti)estrogenic effects in vivo or in vitro.

Migratory strategy drives species-level variation in bird sensitivity to vegetation green-up.

Animals and plants are shifting the timing of key life events in response to climate change, yet despite recent documentation of escalating phenological change, scientists lack a full understanding of how and why phenological responses vary across space and among species. Here, we used over 7 million community-contributed bird observations to derive species-specific, spatially explicit estimates of annual spring migration phenology for 56 bird species across eastern North America. We show that changes in the spring arrival of migratory birds are coarsely synchronized with fluctuations in vegetation green-up and that the sensitivity of birds to plant phenology varied extensively. Bird arrival responded more synchronously with vegetation green-up at higher latitudes, where phenological shifts over time are also greater. Critically, species' migratory traits explained variation in sensitivity to green-up, with species that migrate more slowly, arrive earlier and overwinter further north showing greater responsiveness to earlier springs. Identifying how and why species vary in their ability to shift phenological events is fundamental to predicting species' vulnerability to climate change. Such variation in sensitivity across taxa, with long-distance neotropical migrants exhibiting reduced synchrony, may help to explain substantial declines in these species over the last several decades.

Effects of Circuit Weight-Interval Training on Physical Fitness, Cardiac Autonomic Control, and Quality of Life in Sedentary Workers.

Sedentary behaviors, those that involve sitting and low levels of energy expenditure, have been associated with several adverse cardiometabolic effects. This study evaluated the chronic effects of a combined circuit weight interval training (CWIT) on physical fitness, quality of life, and heart rate variability (HRV), and compared the effects of CWIT-induced autonomic adaptations on different postures in adult sedentary workers. Twenty-seven sedentary workers (age 36.9 ± 9.2 years old, 13 men and 14 women) were divided into two groups: control, who continued their sedentary behavior, and experimental, who were submitted to a CWIT for 12 weeks, completing two ~40 min sessions per week. Monitoring of 8th, 16th, and 24th sessions revealed a moderate training load during sessions. Participants exhibited an improved aerobic capacity (VO2max, 34.03 ± 5.36 vs. 36.45 ± 6.05 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05) and flexibility (22.6 ± 11.4 vs. 25.3 ± 10.1 cm, p < 0.05) after the training period. In addition, they showed greater quality of life scores. However, the CWIT did not change body composition. Interestingly, more HRV parameters were improved in the seated position. The CWIT used in the current study was associated with improvements in several fitness and quality of life parameters, as well as in cardiac autonomic control of HR in adult sedentary workers. Examination of different body positions when evaluating changes in HRV appears to be a relevant aspect to be considered in further studies. Future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with larger samples of both sexes should confirm these promising results.

Biological properties of functional flavoring produced by enzymatic esterification of citronellol and geraniol present in Cymbopogon winterianus essential oil.

The chemical composition and biological properties of citronella essential oil were modified by enzymatic esterification reaction of the major monoterpenic alcohols with cinnamic acid. The almost complete conversion of geraniol and citronellol present in the citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus) essential oil, into geranyl (99%) and citronellyl (98%) cinnamates was obtained after 48 hours of reaction using a molar ratio of 3:1 (cinnamic acid/alcohol), lipase concentration (Novozym 435) of 15% (w/w) and 70 °C. The esterified oil showed higher antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria resistant to oxacillin and penicillin and also greater larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti larvae compared to unesterified oil. The results concerning the evaluation of toxicity against Artemia salina and cytotoxicity against monkey kidney epithelial cells also showed the superiority of the esterified oil.

Pathogenesis of Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 in calves following different routes of inoculation / Patogênese do alfaherpesvírus bovino 2 em bezerros inoculados por diferentes vias

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 2 (BoHV-2) is the agent of herpetic mammilitis (BHM), a cutaneous and self-limiting disease affecting the udder and teats of cows. The pathogenesis of BoHV-2 is pourly understood, hampering the development of therapeutic drugs, vaccines and other control measures. This study investigated the pathogenesis of BoHV-2 in calves after inoculation through different routes. Three- to four-months seronegative calves were inoculated with BoHV-2 (107TCID50.mL-1) intramuscular (IM, n=4), intravenous (IV, n=4) or transdermal (TD) after mild scarification (n=4) and submitted to virological, clinical and serological monitoring. Calves inoculated by the IV route presented as light increase in body temperature between days 6 to 9 post-inoculation (pi). Virus inoculation by the TD route resulted in mild inflammatory lesions at the sites of inoculation, characterized by hyperemia, small vesicles, mild exudation and scab formation, between days 2 and 8pi. Virus or viral DNA was detected by PCR in the crusts/swabs collected from lesions of 3 out of 4 animals inoculated TD from day 2 to 8pi. Viremia was detected in 3/4 animals of the IM group (from day 4 to 8pi); in 2/4 animals of the IV group (days 6 and 8pi) but not in the TD group. Calves from all inoculated groups seroconverted to BoHV-2 in titers from 4 to 64, as indicated by virus-neutralizing (VN) assays performed in sera collected at day 15pi. Administration of dexamethasone (Dex) to the inoculated calves at day 48pi, did not result in virus reactivation as indicated by lack of virus detection in the blood and/or in inoculation sites and no increase in VN antibody titers. These results demonstrated that BoHV-2 was able to replicate efficiently in calves following different routes of exposure, produced viremia after IM and IV inoculation and was not reactivated by Dex treatment.(AU)

O alfaherpesvírus bovino 2 (BoHV-2) é um agente etiológico da mamilite herpética (BHM), uma doença cutânea e autolimitante do úbere e tetos de vacas. Pouco se sabe sobre a patogênese do BoHV-2, dificultando o desenvolvimento de medicamentos terapêuticos e vacinas. Este estudo investigou a patogênese do BoHV-2 em bezerros após a inoculação por diferentes vias. Bezerros soronegativos de três a quatro meses foram inoculados com BoHV-2 (107TCID50.mL-1) por via intramuscular (IM, n=4), por via intravenosa (IV, n=4) ou transdérmica (TD, n=4) após escarificação leve e submetidos a monitoramento virológico, clínico e sorológico. Os bezerros inoculados pela via IV apresentaram aumento leve da temperatura corporal entre os dias 6 a 9 pós-inoculação (pi). A inoculação do vírus pela via TD resultou em lesões inflamatórias leves nos locais de inoculação, caracterizadas por hiperemia, pequenas vesículas, exsudação leve e formação de crostas, entre os dias 2 e 8pi. O vírus ou DNA viral foi detectado por PCR nas crostas/swabs coletados de lesões de 3 de 4 animais inoculados TD do dia 2 ao 8pi. Viremia foi detectada em 3/4 dos animais do grupo IM (do dia 4 ao 8pi); em 2/4 animais do grupo IV (dias 6 e 8pi), mas não no grupo TD. Bezerros de todos os grupos inoculados soroconverteram o BoHV-2 em títulos de 4 a 64, conforme indicado por ensaios de vírus-neutralização (VN) realizados em soro coletado no dia 15pi. Administração de dexametasona (Dex) nos bezerros inoculados no dia 48pi, não resultou em reativação do vírus, como indicado pela falta de detecção de vírus no sangue e/ou nos locais de inoculação e pela ausência de aumento nos títulos de anticorpos. Estes resultados demonstraram que o BoHV-2 foi capaz de replicar eficientemente em bezerros seguindo diferentes vias de inoculação, produziu viremia após a inoculação IM e IV e não foi reativado pelo tratamento com Dex.(AU)

Levantamento bibliométrico dos artigos publicados na Revista da ABENO no período entre 2001 e 2019 / Bibliometric survey of articles publishedin Revista da ABENObetween 2001 and 2019

O presente estudo objetivoutraçar, por meio de análise bibliométrica, o perfil de produção científica da Revista da ABENO. A estratégia de busca foi conduzidapor dois pesquisadores independentes no sítiowebda revista, no qualforam analisados todos os artigos completos publicados no período entre 2001e 2019. Mediantea leitura dos resumos, os trabalhosforam caracterizados de acordo com a categoria de estudo, a temática abordada, ano e volume de publicação, além de dados das IES às quais os autores do artigo eram vinculados, tais como natureza jurídica e localidadegeográfica. Foram identificados 486 artigos publicados no períodoestudado.Majoritariamente, os artigos apresentaram delineamento metodológicodepesquisaquantitativa(46,3%), cujastemáticas abordadas estavam relacionadas às áreas de "Ensino/Aprendizagem em Odontologia" (49,8%) "Atividades de Estágio, Extensão e PET-Saúde" (15,2%) e "Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais" (10,1%). Os estudos foram desenvolvidos em sua maior parte eminstituições públicas (70%), com predominância delocalizaçãona região Sudeste (41,4%). Em conclusão, verifica-se que, ao longo de quase duas décadas, a Revista da ABENO apresentou volume crescente de publicações, com participação expressiva de IES, em especial das públicas, e com concentração desta produção na região Sudeste, embora com tendência a um aumento na participação das demais regiões geográficas (AU).

The present study aims to verify, through bibliometric analysis, the scientific publication profile of Revista da ABENO. The search strategy was conducted by two independent researchers on the journal's website, in which all the full published articles between 2001 and 2019 were analyzed. Upon reading the abstracts, the works were characterized according to the category of study, the theme addressed, year and volume of publication, in addition to data from the HEIs to which the authors of the article were linked, such as their status and geographical location. The researchers identified 486 articles published during the studied period. Mostly, the articles presented a methodological design of quantitative research (46.3%), with the addressed themes related to the areas of Teaching / Learning in Dentistry(49.8%); Internship, Extension and PET-Health Activities(15.2%); and National Curricular Guidelines(10.1%). The studies were developed and conducted mostly in public institutions (70%), with a predominance of location in the Southeast region of Brazil (41.4%). In conclusion, it appears that over nearly two decades Revista da ABENOhas presented an increasing volume of scholarly articles, with a significant participation of tertiary education institutions, especially public ones, and with a concentration of this production in the Southeast region, although with a recent tendency to increase the participation of other geographic regions of the country (AU).

Ganciclovir attenuates the respiratory disease induced by Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 in rabbits / O ganciclovir atenua a doença respiratória produzida pelo alfaherpesvírus equino 1 em coelhos

Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is an important pathogen of horses, associated with respiratory, neurological disease and abortions. As vaccination is not always effective, anti-herpetic therapy may represent an alternative to prevent the losses caused by the infection. We herein investigated the activity of ganciclovir (GCV), an anti-herpetic human drug, in rabbits experimentally infected with EHV-1. Thirty-days-old New Zealand rabbits were allocated in three groups (6 animals each) and submitted to different treatments: G1 (non-infected controls), G2 (inoculated with EHV-1) - 107 TCID50 intranasally - IN) and G3 (inoculated IN with EHV-1 and treated with GCV - 5mg/kg/day for 7 days) and monitored thereafter. All animals of G2 developed systemic signs (moderate to severe apathy, anorexia), ocular discharge and respiratory signs (serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge), including mild to severe respiratory distress. Viremia was detected in all rabbits of G2 for up to 11 days (mean duration = 6.5 days). One animal died after severe respiratory distress and neurological signs (bruxism, opistotonus). In addition, these animals gained less weight than the control (G1) and GCV-treated rabbits (G3) from days 4 to 14pi (p<0.05). The clinical score of rabbits of G2 was statistically higher than the other groups from days 3 to 6pi (p<0.05), demonstrating a more severe disease. In contrast, G3 rabbits did not present systemic signs, presented only a mild and transient nasal secretion and gained more weight than G2 animals (p<0.05). In addition, viremia was detected in only 3 rabbits and was transient (average of 2.3 days). Thus, administration of GCV to rabbits inoculated IN with EHV-1 resulted in an important attenuation of the clinical disease as demonstrated by full prevention of systemic signs, maintenance of weight gain and by drastic reduction in viremia and in the magnitude of respiratory signs. These results are promising towards further testing of GCV as a potential drug for anti-herpetic therapy in horses.(AU)

O alfaherpesvírus equino 1 (EHV-1) é um importante patógeno de equinos, associado com doença respiratória, neurológica e abortos. Como a vacinação nem sempre é eficaz, a terapia anti-herpética pode representar uma alternativa para prevenir as perdas causadas pela infecção. Para tal, investigou-se a atividade do ganciclovir (GCV), uma droga anti-herpética de uso humano, em coelhos infectados experimentalmente com o EHV-1. Coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia com 30 dias de idade foram alocados em três grupos (6 animais cada) e submetidos a diferentes tratamentos: G1 (controles não infectados), G2 (inoculados com o EHV-1) - 107 TCID50 intranasal - IN) e G3 (inoculados IN com o EHV-1 e tratados com GCV - 5mg/kg/dia por 7 dias), e monitorados posteriormente. Todos os animais do G2 desenvolveram sinais sistêmicos (apatia moderada a grave, anorexia), secreção ocular e sinais respiratórios (secreção nasal serosa a mucopurulenta), incluindo dificuldade respiratória leve a grave. Viremia foi detectada em todos os coelhos do G2 por até 11 dias (duração média = 6,5 dias). Um animal morreu após dificuldade respiratória grave e sinais neurológicos (bruxismo, opistótono). Além disso, esses animais ganharam menos peso que os coelhos controle (G1) e tratados com GCV (G3) entre os dias 4 e 14pi (p<0,05). O escore clínico de coelhos do G2 foi estatisticamente maior que os demais grupos dos dias 3 a 6pi (p<0,05), demonstrando uma doença mais grave. Em contraste, os coelhos do G3 não apresentaram sinais sistêmicos, apresentaram apenas secreção nasal leve e transiente e ganharam mais peso que os animais do G2 (p<0,05). Além disso, a viremia foi detectada em apenas 3 coelhos e foi transitória (média de 2,3 dias). Assim, a administração de GCV a coelhos inoculados com EHV-1 resultou em uma importante atenuação da doença clínica, como demonstrado pela prevenção completa de sinais sistêmicos, manutenção do ganho de peso e pela redução drástica da viremia e da magnitude dos sinais respiratórios. Estes resultados são promissores para testes adicionais com o GCV para potencial terapêutico anti-herpética em equinos.(AU)

The effect of chronic oral vitamin D supplementation on adiposity and insulin secretion in hypothalamic obese rats.

Reduced plasma vitamin D (VD) levels may contribute to excessive white adipose tissue, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidaemia. We evaluated the effect of chronic oral VD supplementation on adiposity and insulin secretion in monosodium glutamate (MSG)-treated rats. During their first 5 d of life, male neonate rats received subcutaneous injections of MSG (4 g/kg), while the control (CON) group received saline solution. After weaning, groups were randomly distributed into VD supplemented (12 µg/kg; three times/week) and non-supplemented (NS) rats, forming four experimental groups (n 15 rats/group): CON-NS, CON-VD, MSG-NS and MSG-VD. At 76 d of life, rats were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 2 g/kg), and at 86 d, obesity, IR and plasma metabolic parameters were evaluated. Pancreatic islets were isolated for glucose-induced insulin secretion (GIIS), cholinergic insulinotropic response and muscarinic 3 receptor (M3R), protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) expressions. Pancreas was submitted to histological analyses. VD supplementation decreased hyperinsulinaemia (86 %), hypertriacylglycerolaemia (50 %) and restored insulin sensibility (89 %) in MSG-VD rats, without modifying adiposity, OGTT or GIIS, compared with the MSG-NS group. The cholinergic action was reduced (57 %) in islets from MSG-VD rats, without any change in M3R, PKA or PKC expression. In conclusion, chronic oral VD supplementation of MSG-obese rats was able to prevent hyperinsulinaemia and IR, improving triacylglycerolaemia without modifying adiposity. A reduced cholinergic pancreatic effect, in response to VD, could be involved in the normalisation of plasma insulin levels, an event that appears to be independent of M3R and its downstream pathways.

Assessment of the analgesic dipyrone as a possible (anti)androgenic endocrine disruptor.

Mild analgesics have been associated with antiandrogenic effects, but there are no such studies on dipyrone, despite its high prevalence of use in many countries. We examined the production of steroid hormones in human H295R cells after exposure to dipyrone and two metabolites, 4-Methylaminoantipyrine (MAA) and 4-Aminoantipyrine (AA), as well as fetal testicular testosterone production in rats following maternal dipyrone exposure. Androgen agonistic/antagonistic effects were examined in vitro for dipyrone and its metabolites in the Yeast Androgen Screen (YAS) assay and in vivo for dipyrone through the Hershberger assay. In vitro we tested dipyrone, MAA, and AA (0.1-1000 µM) while in vivo we used dipyrone (50, 100, 200 mg/kg/day). In the H295R assay, dipyrone, MAA and AA reduced the production of androgens and corticosteroids. Testosterone was reduced at concentrations 4-13 times higher than the maximum plasma concentrations reported in humans for MAA and AA. No effects were observed in the fetal testosterone production assay. In the YAS and Hershberger assays, no androgen agonistic/antagonistic activities were observed. These results indicate that dipyrone and its metabolites do not interact with the androgen receptor, but have the potential to inhibit steroidogenesis, however only at concentrations that are not relevant under normal medical use.