Síndrome do eutireoideo doente e alterações nos hormônios tireoidianos em cães com hemoparasitoses / Euthyroid sick syndrome and changes in thyroid hormones in dogs with hemoparasitosis

Background: Hemoparasitoses are extremely important in the clinical routine because they affect a large number of dogs. In spite ofthe abundance of studies on this topic, hormonal alterations caused by infection with these agents are still poorly known. Therefore,the goal of this work was to assess the serum levels of thyroid hormones of dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) alone, anddogs infected with E. canis and Babesia canis vogeli (B. vogeli) and/or Anaplasma platys (A. platys) before and after treatment withdoxycycline chlorohydrate. This study also aimed at checking for presence of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in these animals.Materials, Methods & Results: The concentrations of the thyroid hormones total triiodothyronine (TT3), total tetraiodothyronine (TT4),free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) were assessed by chemiluminescence in 12 dogs. Nestedpolymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to confirm diagnoses. The dogs were divided into 2 groups: G1, which comprised animalsinfected by E. canis alone, and G2, which included animals simultaneously infected by E. canis and B. vogeli and/or A. platys. Theserum concentrations of the thyroid hormones were measured at two time points: before (D1) and after (D2) the 28-day treatment withgeneric doxycycline chlorohydrate (DC) at a dose of 10 mg/kg SID. On D2, another nPCR was carried out to check the efficacy of thetreatment. On D2, in both groups, all dogs became negative for E. canis; however, 8 animals remained infected or were reinfected byother hemoparasites. On D1, 4 dogs in G1 exhibited low TT3 in conjunction with low TT4; one of the dogs had increased TT3 alone,and another dog had an increased TT3 accompanied by decreased TT4. In G2, on D1, one dog exhibited high TT3 accompanied by adecreased concentration of TT4; 2 dogs had decreased TT4; 2 dogs had increased TT3; and one dog had both TT3 and TT4 decreased...(AU)

Síndrome do eutireoideo doente e alterações nos hormônios tireoidianos em cães com hemoparasitoses / Euthyroid sick syndrome and changes in thyroid hormones in dogs with hemoparasitosis

Background: Hemoparasitoses are extremely important in the clinical routine because they affect a large number of dogs. In spite ofthe abundance of studies on this topic, hormonal alterations caused by infection with these agents are still poorly known. Therefore,the goal of this work was to assess the serum levels of thyroid hormones of dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) alone, anddogs infected with E. canis and Babesia canis vogeli (B. vogeli) and/or Anaplasma platys (A. platys) before and after treatment withdoxycycline chlorohydrate. This study also aimed at checking for presence of euthyroid sick syndrome (ESS) in these animals.Materials, Methods & Results: The concentrations of the thyroid hormones total triiodothyronine (TT3), total tetraiodothyronine (TT4),free tetraiodothyronine (FT4), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone (cTSH) were assessed by chemiluminescence in 12 dogs. Nestedpolymerase chain reaction (nPCR) was used to confirm diagnoses. The dogs were divided into 2 groups: G1, which comprised animalsinfected by E. canis alone, and G2, which included animals simultaneously infected by E. canis and B. vogeli and/or A. platys. Theserum concentrations of the thyroid hormones were measured at two time points: before (D1) and after (D2) the 28-day treatment withgeneric doxycycline chlorohydrate (DC) at a dose of 10 mg/kg SID. On D2, another nPCR was carried out to check the efficacy of thetreatment. On D2, in both groups, all dogs became negative for E. canis; however, 8 animals remained infected or were reinfected byother hemoparasites. On D1, 4 dogs in G1 exhibited low TT3 in conjunction with low TT4; one of the dogs had increased TT3 alone,and another dog had an increased TT3 accompanied by decreased TT4. In G2, on D1, one dog exhibited high TT3 accompanied by adecreased concentration of TT4; 2 dogs had decreased TT4; 2 dogs had increased TT3; and one dog had both TT3 and TT4 decreased...

Ectopic dioctophymosis in a dog - Clinical, diagnostic and pathological challenges of a silent disease.

A 9-month old, female, stray dog was rescued and conducted to a university veterinary hospital. Moderate anemia was observed and abdominal ultrasound revealed pancreatitis. Right kidney was not visualized due to intestinal gas. Urinalysis was normal. Castration was performed three weeks later. Before discharge, abdominal ultrasound was performed for internal sutures examination. A cyst-like structure was present in the right retroperitoneal space with what appeared to be tubular worms inside it, not observed in previous evaluation. An ectopic dioctophymosis diagnosis was made. Two female Dioctophyme renale were surgically removed from the structure. Right kidney was hyperemic but not removed. No sign of peritonitis was observed. The dog recovered well. Laboratory follow-up showed no abnormalities a year after the episode and Doppler ultrasound revealed a mild right nephropathy. This is the first canine ectopic dioctophymosis case with only an abdominal cyst-like structure containing viable nematodes, successfully treated. It represents the rarity and difficulties in diagnosing ectopic dioctophymosis even in enzootic locations, highlighting the importance of ultrasonographic screening for such silent, potentially zoonotic disease.

Vimentin, osteocalcin and osteonectin expression in canine primary bone tumors: diagnostic and prognostic implications.

Canine primary bone tumors have a plastic radiographic image, demanding histopathological confirmation. Bone tumors are characterized by the type and amount of extracellular matrix produced what cannot be easily recognized, especially in biopsy samples. Identifying cellular markers that could aid diagnosis has supported various studies in oncological pathology. This study aimed to evaluate 22 canine primary bone neoplasms, establishing their histopathological diagnosis and evaluated vimentin, osteonectin and osteocalcin expression and their implication in diagnosis and prognosis. There were 12 productive osteoblastic osteosarcomas, six minimally productive osteoblastic osteosarcoma, two chondrosarcomas, one fibrosarcoma and one hemangiosarcoma. Immunostaining was cytoplasmatic in all cases, with average percentage of 87.9% for vimentin, 98.0% for osteonectin and 99.9% for osteocalcin. In this last case, only osteosarcomas were considered. Intensity was higher in vimentin labeling (+++), followed by osteonectin (++) and osteocalcin (+). One osteosarcoma showed negative immunostaining for vimentin and of samples submitted to anti-osteocalcin immunostaining, three osteosarcomas and one fibrosarcoma had negative staining. Besides identifying mesenchymal origin, vimentin elevated expression in canine bone tumors can be related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, leading to more aggressive tumoral phenotypes and metastasis development. Similarly, high osteonectin expression is implicated in neoplastic cell invasion and is also related to metastasis spread. Decreased osteocalcin expression was found in some osteosarcoma samples and can be related to poor prognosis, as in human osteosarcomas. Our findings suggest that vimentin, osteonectin and osteocalcin not only aid diagnosis but can be related to prognosis in canine primary bone tumors, especially osteosarcomas and its osteoblastic subtype.

Biópsia óssea por agulha Jamshidi em cães – revisão de literatura / Jamshidi needle bone biopsy in dogs – literature review / Biopsia ósea con aguja de Jamshidi en perros – revisión de literatura

As neoplasias ósseas em cães são sempre um dilema clínico, sendo algumas alterações radiográficas comuns a diversos tipos de neoplasias ósseas primárias. Dessa forma, a determinação do tipo tumoral é fundamental para a tomada de decisão quanto ao tratamento e ao prognóstico. A biópsia óssea percutânea é um método rápido, pouco invasivo e eficiente de obter fragmentos da lesão para avaliação histológica, configurando um importante método diagnóstico na oncologia veterinária. Apesar dessas características positivas, os riscos de metástases devem ser sempre avaliados antes de se optar pelo procedimento. O presente artigo detalha a técnica de biópsia óssea percutânea por agulha Jamshidi em lesões ósseas neoplásicas em cães, comentando suas indicações e contraindicações, seus riscos e complicações, e apontando suas vantagens e desvantagens.

Canine bone neoplasms are always a clinical dilemma because some alterations are common to several types of primary bone cancers. Determination of tumoral type is therefore paramount to treatment choice and prognosis. Percutaneous bone biopsy is a fast, little invasive and efficient method to obtain lesion fragments for histological evaluation, figuring as an important diagnostic tool in veterinary oncology. Despite these positive characteristics, the risks of metastases need to be evaluated prior to adopting the procedure. The present article describes the percutaneous bone biopsy technique and its application to canine bone neoplasms as regards indications and contraindications, risks and complications, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the practice.

Las neoplasias óseas de perros suelen representar un dilema clínico, ya que algunas alteraciones radiográficas son coincidentes en varios tipos de neoplasias óseas primarias. Debido a esto, la determinación del tipo tumoral es fundamental para la toma de decisiones en relación al tratamiento y el pronóstico. La biopsia ósea percutánea es un método rápido, poco invasivo y eficiente para obtener fragmentos de la lesión para su posterior examen histológico, representando un importante método diagnóstico en la oncología veterinaria. A pesar de sus ventajas, los riesgos de metástasis deben ser siempre evaluados antes de elegir este procedimiento. El presente trabajo detalla la técnica de biopsia ósea percutánea con aguja de Jamshidi en lesiones neoplásicas en hueso de perros, comentando sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones, riesgos y complicaciones, resaltando sus ventajas y desventajas.

Biópsia óssea por agulha Jamshidi em cães revisão de literatura / Jamshidi needle bone biopsy in dogs literature review / Biopsia ósea con aguja de Jamshidi en perros revisión de literatura

As neoplasias ósseas em cães são sempre um dilema clínico, sendo algumas alterações radiográficas comuns a diversos tipos de neoplasias ósseas primárias. Dessa forma, a determinação do tipo tumoral é fundamental para a tomada de decisão quanto ao tratamento e ao prognóstico. A biópsia óssea percutânea é um método rápido, pouco invasivo e eficiente de obter fragmentos da lesão para avaliação histológica, configurando um importante método diagnóstico na oncologia veterinária. Apesar dessas características positivas, os riscos de metástases devem ser sempre avaliados antes de se optar pelo procedimento. O presente artigo detalha a técnica de biópsia óssea percutânea por agulha Jamshidi em lesões ósseas neoplásicas em cães, comentando suas indicações e contraindicações, seus riscos e complicações, e apontando suas vantagens e desvantagens.(AU)

Canine bone neoplasms are always a clinical dilemma because some alterations are common to several types of primary bone cancers. Determination of tumoral type is therefore paramount to treatment choice and prognosis. Percutaneous bone biopsy is a fast, little invasive and efficient method to obtain lesion fragments for histological evaluation, figuring as an important diagnostic tool in veterinary oncology. Despite these positive characteristics, the risks of metastases need to be evaluated prior to adopting the procedure. The present article describes the percutaneous bone biopsy technique and its application to canine bone neoplasms as regards indications and contraindications, risks and complications, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the practice.(AU)

Las neoplasias óseas de perros suelen representar un dilema clínico, ya que algunas alteraciones radiográficas son coincidentes en varios tipos de neoplasias óseas primarias. Debido a esto, la determinación del tipo tumoral es fundamental para la toma de decisiones en relación al tratamiento y el pronóstico. La biopsia ósea percutánea es un método rápido, poco invasivo y eficiente para obtener fragmentos de la lesión para su posterior examen histológico, representando un importante método diagnóstico en la oncología veterinaria. A pesar de sus ventajas, los riesgos de metástasis deben ser siempre evaluados antes de elegir este procedimiento. El presente trabajo detalla la técnica de biopsia ósea percutánea con aguja de Jamshidi en lesiones neoplásicas en hueso de perros, comentando sus indicaciones y contraindicaciones, riesgos y complicaciones, resaltando sus ventajas y desventajas.(AU)