Chronic chikungunya disease (CCD): clinical insights, immunopathogenesis, and therapeutic perspectives.

Chikungunya virus, an arthropod-borne pathogen is recognised by the World Health Organization as a top priority Emerging Infectious Disease and is ranked fourth in public health needs according to the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI). Despite its substantial impact, as evidenced by an annual estimate of 120,274 disability-adjusted life years, our understanding of the chronic aspects of chikungunya disease remains limited. This review focuses on Chronic Chikungunya Disease (CCD), emphasising its clinical manifestations, immunopathogenesis, therapeutic options, and disease burden.