Fine-needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms in the head and neck region: A systematic analysis of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Cytopathologic analysis is feasible and provides detailed morphological characterisation of head and neck lesions. AIMS: To integrate the available data published on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) used for the diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasms (PCN) of the head and neck region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Searches on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus were performed to compile data from case reports/case series published in English. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used for the critical appraisal of studies. RESULTS: A total of 82 studies comprising 102 patients were included in this review. There was a predilection for men (68.6%) (male/female ratio: 2.1:1). Individuals in their 50s (29.4%), 60s (22.5%), and 70s (22.5%) were more often affected. The thyroid gland (26.2%) was the main anatomical location, followed by scalp (15.5%), neck/cervical region (15.5%), jaws (13.6%), and major salivary glands (13.6%). For FNAC analysis, a smear was employed in 41 (40.6%) cases and a cell block was used in four (3.9%). In 56 (55.4%) reports, no cytological methods were available. Morphologically, 34 (56.7%) cases had a diagnosis of PCN with agreement between cytopathology and histopathology. The rate of wrong diagnoses when using cytology was 27.5%. Immunophenotyping was performed in 49 (48%) of the cases. The 69-month disease-free survival rate was 60.2%, while the 27-month overall survival rate was 64.1%. CONCLUSION: This study reinforces that FNAC can be an ancillary tool in the first step towards the diagnosis of PCN of the head and neck region, especially when applying a cell block for cytological analysis.

Facial and Cephalometric Features of Individuals With Mucopolysaccharidosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to assess craniofacial features through facial anthropometric and lateral cephalometry measurements of individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and compare them with individuals without MPS. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PATIENTS: A total of 14 individuals with MPS and 28 non-MPS age- and sex-matched were enrolled in this study. METHODS: A clinical facial analysis to evaluate the soft tissues and cephalometric analysis that comprised linear and angular measurements were performed. The calculation of the method error suggested no systematic errors (p > .05). Random errors for linear and angular measurements were low (less than 0.5° and 1.6 mm). Chi-square test and independent t-test were performed. RESULTS: Most individuals with MPS were dolichofacial, presented altered facial proportions with an increased anterior lower facial height (ALFH) and lip incompetence (all p < .05), when compared with non-MPS individuals. Six angular measurements (1s.Na, 1s.NB, FMA, IMPA, AFI, and Po.Or_Go.Me; all p < .05) were significantly increased among individuals with MPS, and two (1s.1i and Ba.N-Ptm.Gn, all p < .05) were significantly decreased among them. Four linear measurements were significantly increased among individuals with MPS (1s-NA, 1i-NB, S-UL, and S-LL; all p < .05) and five (PogN-Perp, Co-A, Co-Gn, Nfa-Nfp, and overbite; all p < .05) were significantly decreased among them. CONCLUSION: In summary, most individuals with MPS were dolichofacial with increased ALFH. Proclined upper and lower incisors, reduced nasopharyngeal space, and reduced overbite was also noted.

Anatomical evaluation of the medial lingual foramen using cone-beam computed tomography: a retrospective study / Avaliação anatômica do forame lingual medial usando tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico: um estudo retrospectivo

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the frequency of medial lingual foramina present in the cortex of the mandible using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A total of 953 CBTC exams of the mandible were evaluated to determine the presence of canals in the mandibular midline, canal location in relation to the mental spine, canal diameter, distance to the base and alveolar crest of the mandible, trajectory of the canal, and coincidence measurements of the panoramic image containing the location of the canal in relation to the mental spine. Results: Foramina were located in three positions: above the mental spine (FSS) 89.2%, below the mental spine (FIS) 67.9%, and other positions (FOP) 21.3%. Non-edentulous individuals had a significantly higher number of FSS than did edentulous individuals (P<0.001). Male individuals presented a significantly greater distance from the FSS (P=0.001), FIS (P=0.045) and FOP (p=0.002) to the base of the mandible than female individuals. Younger individuals presented a significantly higher distance from the FSS (P=0.001) and FIS (P=0.001) to the alveolar crest of the mandible. Male individuals had a significantly greater FIS (P=0.002) and FOP (P=0.001) diameter than female individuals. Male individuals had a significantly higher number of bifurcations in FOP than female individuals (P=0.017). Conclusion: CBCT supplies the provider with a detailed assessment of the foramina and canals, which improves the quality of surgical planning and mitigates the chances of surgical intercurrences.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a frequência dos forames linguais mediais presentes na cortical da mandíbula por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC). Métodos: Um total de 953 exames de TCFC da mandíbula foram avaliados para determinar a presença de canais na linha média mandibular, localização do canal em relação ao tubérculo geniano, diâmetro do canal, distância à base e crista alveolar da mandíbula, trajetória da canal e medidas de coincidência da imagem panorâmica contendo a localização do canal em relação ao tubérculo geniano. Resultados: Os forames localizaram-se em três posições: acima do tubérculo (FSS) 89,2%, abaixo do tubérculo (FIS) 67,9% e outras posições (FOP) 21,3%. Indivíduos não edêntulos apresentaram um número significativamente maior de FSS do que indivíduos edêntulos (P <0,001). Indivíduos do sexo masculino apresentaram distâncias significativamente maior do FSS (P = 0,001), FIS (P = 0,045) e FOP (p = 0,002) até a base da mandíbula do que indivíduos do sexo feminino. Os indivíduos mais jovens apresentaram uma distância significativamente maior do FSS (P = 0,001) e FIS (P = 0,001) até a crista alveolar da mandíbula. Indivíduos do sexo masculino tiveram um diâmetro de FIS (P = 0,002) e FOP (P = 0,001) significativamente maior do que indivíduos do sexo feminino. Indivíduos do sexo masculino tiveram um número significativamente maior de bifurcações no FOP do que indivíduos do sexo feminino (P = 0,017). Conclusão: a TCFC fornece ao profissional uma avaliação detalhada dos forames e canais, o que melhora a qualidade do planejamento cirúrgico e diminui as chances de intercorrências.

Determinant factors for immediate care seeking after traumatic dental injury among Brazilian children.

The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of immediate care seeking after traumatic dental injury (TDI) in primary dentition and its association with the children's characteristics, socioeconomic status, and TDI characteristics. This was a cross-sectional study with dental records of children aged 9 months to 6 years who attended a reference center in TDI in primary dentition between 2007 and 2018. Immediate care seeking after TDI, child's characteristics, sociodemographic conditions and TDI characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis with robust variance were performed (p < 0.05; 95%CI). Among the 493 dental records, 61.1% (n = 301) were of males and 50.5% (n = 249) were from children aged 2 years or less. More than one third of the sample (36.9%; n = 182) sought immediate care after TDI. Among the types of TDI, the prevalence of soft tissue injuries was 59.0% (n = 291), while 51.7% (n = 255) were hard tissue injuries and 54.0% (n = 266) were supporting tissue injuries. Immediate care seeking after TDI was higher in children who needed suture (PR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.01-1.92. p = 0.039), had luxation (lateral, intrusion, or extrusion) (PR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.36-4.08. p = 0.002) or avulsion (PR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.28-3.70. p = 0.004). The need for suture, luxation (lateral, intrusion and extrusion), and avulsion were determinant factors for the immediate care seeking after TDI, regardless of the child's characteristics and socioeconomic status.

Dental and maxillomandibular incidental findings in panoramic radiography among individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis: a cross-sectional study.

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of rare and inherited metabolic disorders caused by the accumulation of macromolecule glycosaminoglycans inside lysosomes. Affected individuals may have dental and craniofacial tissue alterations, facilitating the development of several oral diseases. OBJECTIVES: To assess, with panoramic radiographic images, the frequency of dental and maxillomandibular incidental findings among MPS individuals and compare them with non-MPS individuals. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study evaluating a sample of 14 MPS individuals and 28 non-MPS individuals aged from 5 to 26 years was carried out. They were matched for sex and age on a 2:1 proportion. Panoramic radiographs were assessed for the presence/absence of the following dental and maxillomandibular alterations: dental anomalies of number (hypodontia/dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth); anomalies of form (microdontia, macrodontia, conoid teeth, taurodontism, and root dilaceration); anomalies of position (impacted tooth, inverted tooth, tooth migration, partially bony teeth, complete bony teeth); periapical alterations (furcation lesion, circumscribed bone rarefaction); other alterations (radiolucent bone lesions, radiopaque bone lesions, radiopacity in the maxillary sinus, condylar hypoplasia). Differences between groups were tested by the Fisher's exact test and chi-square test (p<0.05). RESULTS: For intrarater agreement, Kappa values were 0.76 to 0.85. The presence of supernumerary teeth (p=0.003); conoid teeth (p=0.009); taurodontism (p<0.001); impacted teeth (p<0.001); partial bony teeth (p=0.040); complete bony teeth (p=0.013); and root dilaceration (p=0.047) were statistically more frequent in MPS individuals compared to non-MPS individuals. Bone rarefaction/furcation lesions (p=0.032), condylar hypoplasia (p<0.001), radiolucent bone lesions (p=0.001), and dentigerous cysts (p=0.002) were also more frequent in MPS individuals. CONCLUSION: The presence of specific oral manifestations is more common in MPS individuals than non-MPS individuals.

New mandibular indices in cone beam computed tomography to identify low bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate new radiomorphometric indices in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for assessing bone mineral density (BMD) status in postmenopausal women. STUDY DESIGN: Mandibular inferior cortical bone thickness was evaluated in 48 postmenopausal women in cross-sectional images at 4 sites: (1) symphysis (S): cross-sectional image equidistant from the centers of the right and left mental foramina (MF); (2) anterior (A): 10 mm anterior to the MF; (3) molar (M): 10 mm posterior to the MF; and (4) posterior (P): 25 mm posterior to the MF. Participants underwent dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and were divided into normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups. In the study, t tests with Bonferroni correction were conducted. Statistical significance was set at P < .017. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. RESULTS: Mean S index was significantly lower in osteoporosis than in osteopenia (P = .005). Mean M index was significantly lower in osteopenia (P < .001) and osteoporosis (P = .001) than in normal individuals. Mean P index was significantly lower in osteoporosis than in normal patients (P = .008). ROC values ranged between 0.643 and 0.740. Cortical thicknesses separating normal from abnormal varied from 1.73 mm to 3.37 mm. CONCLUSIONS: M and P indices in CBCT may be useful for identifying low BMD in postmenopausal women.

Dental and maxillomandibular incidental findings in panoramic radiography among individuals with mucopolysaccharidosis: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of rare and inherited metabolic disorders caused by the accumulation of macromolecule glycosaminoglycans inside lysosomes. Affected individuals may have dental and craniofacial tissue alterations, facilitating the development of several oral diseases. Objectives To assess, with panoramic radiographic images, the frequency of dental and maxillomandibular incidental findings among MPS individuals and compare them with non-MPS individuals. Methodology A cross-sectional study evaluating a sample of 14 MPS individuals and 28 non-MPS individuals aged from 5 to 26 years was carried out. They were matched for sex and age on a 2:1 proportion. Panoramic radiographs were assessed for the presence/absence of the following dental and maxillomandibular alterations: dental anomalies of number (hypodontia/dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth); anomalies of form (microdontia, macrodontia, conoid teeth, taurodontism, and root dilaceration); anomalies of position (impacted tooth, inverted tooth, tooth migration, partially bony teeth, complete bony teeth); periapical alterations (furcation lesion, circumscribed bone rarefaction); other alterations (radiolucent bone lesions, radiopaque bone lesions, radiopacity in the maxillary sinus, condylar hypoplasia). Differences between groups were tested by the Fisher's exact test and chi-square test (p<0.05). Results For intrarater agreement, Kappa values were 0.76 to 0.85. The presence of supernumerary teeth (p=0.003); conoid teeth (p=0.009); taurodontism (p<0.001); impacted teeth (p<0.001); partial bony teeth (p=0.040); complete bony teeth (p=0.013); and root dilaceration (p=0.047) were statistically more frequent in MPS individuals compared to non-MPS individuals. Bone rarefaction/furcation lesions (p=0.032), condylar hypoplasia (p<0.001), radiolucent bone lesions (p=0.001), and dentigerous cysts (p=0.002) were also more frequent in MPS individuals. Conclusion The presence of specific oral manifestations is more common in MPS individuals than non-MPS individuals.

Determinant factors for immediate care seeking after traumatic dental injury among Brazilian children

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the frequency of immediate care seeking after traumatic dental injury (TDI) in primary dentition and its association with the children's characteristics, socioeconomic status, and TDI characteristics. This was a cross-sectional study with dental records of children aged 9 months to 6 years who attended a reference center in TDI in primary dentition between 2007 and 2018. Immediate care seeking after TDI, child's characteristics, sociodemographic conditions and TDI characteristics were collected. Descriptive statistics and Poisson regression analysis with robust variance were performed (p < 0.05; 95%CI). Among the 493 dental records, 61.1% (n = 301) were of males and 50.5% (n = 249) were from children aged 2 years or less. More than one third of the sample (36.9%; n = 182) sought immediate care after TDI. Among the types of TDI, the prevalence of soft tissue injuries was 59.0% (n = 291), while 51.7% (n = 255) were hard tissue injuries and 54.0% (n = 266) were supporting tissue injuries. Immediate care seeking after TDI was higher in children who needed suture (PR: 1.39; 95%CI: 1.01-1.92. p = 0.039), had luxation (lateral, intrusion, or extrusion) (PR: 2.36; 95%CI: 1.36-4.08. p = 0.002) or avulsion (PR: 2.18; 95%CI: 1.28-3.70. p = 0.004). The need for suture, luxation (lateral, intrusion and extrusion), and avulsion were determinant factors for the immediate care seeking after TDI, regardless of the child's characteristics and socioeconomic status.

Imaging diagnosis of external root resorption in replanted permanent teeth.

The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiographs (PR) in diagnosing external root resorption (ERR) in human permanent teeth replanted after traumatic avulsion. The samples comprised 39 permanent maxillary incisors replanted after traumatic avulsion. Digital PR and CBCT images were taken from each tooth and independently examined by 2 calibrated examiners to assess the ERR activity regarding type and extension. The degrees of agreement between both imaging examinations were determined by the mean global agreement index using SPSS software. The two imaging examinations diverged greatly in the diagnosis of the type of ERR since CBCT identified more cases as inflammatory ERR and PR as replacement ERR. A discordance level of 69.2% was observed between the two methods in the diagnosis of the type of ERR when CBCT for mesial and distal (MD) surfaces was considered and 61.5% when CBCT for mesial, distal, buccal and lingual (MD/BL) was considered. Likewise, CBCT and PR differed regarding the ERR index. PR examinations classified most cases as moderate or severe (69.2%), while CBCT examinations classified more cases as mild either in the MD surfaces analysis (41.4%) or in the analysis of the MD-BL surfaces (51.3%). In conclusion, the present results highlight a discrepancy between CBCT and digital PR performance in the diagnosis of different types and extent of ERR in replanted teeth.

Cone-beam computed tomography analysis of cemento-osseous dysplasia-induced changes in adjacent structures in a Brazilian population.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the effects of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) on anatomical structures. METHODS: CBCT scans were retrospectively selected from a database of individuals who attended an Oral Medicine service. Cases with a confirmed diagnosis of periapical, focal, or florid COD were included. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists assessed the scans. Frequencies of the variables were described according to COD case, lesion areas, and teeth. RESULTS: Sixty COD cases affected 244 areas and 426 teeth. Florid COD was the most common (n = 48). Cortical bone (buccal, lingual, palatine, or mandibular) (n = 42) and the maxillary sinus (n = 13) were the structures most frequently affected by displacement or perforation. Thinning (n = 80), expansion (n = 62), and perforation (n = 60) of the cortical bone were common effects. The median size of the lesions was 12 mm in the mesiodistal direction, 8 mm in the buccal-lingual/palatal direction, and 9 mm in the superior-inferior direction. Root resorption was observed in 18.1% of all teeth, while tooth displacement was uncommon (0.6%). All teeth affected by COD had a discontinuous lamina dura and non-uniformly visible periodontal ligament space. CONCLUSIONS: CBCT images revealed that cortical bone, lamina dura, and periodontal ligament space were the structures most affected by COD and the effects of COD on anatomical structures were more frequent than previously described. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: CODs are fibro-osseous lesions common in the clinical practice, and relationship with anatomical structures is poorly described. CBCT is an appropriate method for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with COD.

Imaging diagnosis of external root resorption in replanted permanent teeth

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiographs (PR) in diagnosing external root resorption (ERR) in human permanent teeth replanted after traumatic avulsion. The samples comprised 39 permanent maxillary incisors replanted after traumatic avulsion. Digital PR and CBCT images were taken from each tooth and independently examined by 2 calibrated examiners to assess the ERR activity regarding type and extension. The degrees of agreement between both imaging examinations were determined by the mean global agreement index using SPSS software. The two imaging examinations diverged greatly in the diagnosis of the type of ERR since CBCT identified more cases as inflammatory ERR and PR as replacement ERR. A discordance level of 69.2% was observed between the two methods in the diagnosis of the type of ERR when CBCT for mesial and distal (MD) surfaces was considered and 61.5% when CBCT for mesial, distal, buccal and lingual (MD/BL) was considered. Likewise, CBCT and PR differed regarding the ERR index. PR examinations classified most cases as moderate or severe (69.2%), while CBCT examinations classified more cases as mild either in the MD surfaces analysis (41.4%) or in the analysis of the MD-BL surfaces (51.3%). In conclusion, the present results highlight a discrepancy between CBCT and digital PR performance in the diagnosis of different types and extent of ERR in replanted teeth.

Mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst: Case report and literature review.

The present study reports a case of a mandibular buccal bifurcation cyst (MBBC) associated with a partially erupted mandibular first molar. The intraoral examination revealed vestibular swelling in the right mandibular permanent first molar region. Panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed a well-delimited radiolucent image involving the roots and part of the crown of the right mandibular permanent first molar with bulging and areas of buccal cortical bone resorption. An incisional biopsy was performed and the diagnosis was MBBC. The lesion was surgically removed by enucleation and curettage. Bone repair was observed seven months after the surgical procedure.

Comparative study of oral and salivary parameters in patients with and without loss of bone mass.

Osteoporosis is an insidious and increasingly prevalent disease that can cause fractures and affect patients' quality of life. The current study comparatively evaluates patients with and without loss of bone mass in terms of salivary calcium, viscosity, and pH. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of 32 postmenopausal women subjected to a bone densitometry scan and later referred for dental management at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The patients were assigned to two groups: Group 1 - patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) and Group 2 - patients without bone mineral changes. The following salivary parameters were evaluated: calcium concentration, flow rate, viscosity, pH, and average total protein. An oral examination was performed for assessment of DMFT variables and tongue coating. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a p-value < 0.05. The patients' mean age was 60 years (± 7.35). Salivary flow, pH, and viscosity were similar among the groups. Average total protein was 14.8 mg/mL and 19.0 mg/mL in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Tongue coating and salivary calcium levels were significantly higher in Group 1 (p < 0.001). Salivary calcium is an important screening tool and may eventually be used for the diagnosis of bone mineral changes.

Erupção passiva alterada: tratamento e diagnóstico com tomografia computadorizada feixe cônico / Altered passive eruption: treatment and diagnosis with cone-beam computed tomography

O plano de tratamento para a exposição gengival excessiva depende da determinação precisa de importantes estruturas anatômicas através do exame clínico periodontal. A tomografia computadorizada é um exame que produz uma série de radiografias transversais que, posteriormente, são processadas por um computador, melhorando a precisão diagnóstica. Este artigo apresenta um relato de caso clínico sobre o planejamento terapêutico de exposição gengival excessiva, decorrente da erupção passiva alterada, utilizando o exame tomográfico. O exame tomográfico foi realizado com a paciente utilizando um retrator labial de plástico. A análise desse exame complementar demonstrou que a coroa clínica real era maior que a coroa aparente. Adicionalmente, revelou que a distância entre a junção cemento esmalte e a crista óssea alveolar era de 1 mm em média, indicando a ressecção óssea. O exame tomográfico com o uso de retrator labial permitiu maior qualidade e precisão na análise das estruturas anatômicas, auxiliando no diagnóstico, na determinação do prognóstico e no planejamento do tratamento da exposição gengival excessiva.

The treatment plan for excessive gingival display depends on the precise determination of important anatomical structures through periodontal clinical examination. The computed tomography is an examination that produces a series of transverse radiographies that are later processed by a computer, improving diagnostic accuracy. This article presents a clinical case report on the therapeutic planning of excessive exposure, due to altered passive eruption, using tomographic examination. The tomography exam was performed with the patient using a plastic labial retractor. The analysis of this complementary exam showed that the actual clinical crown was larger than the apparent crown. Additionally, it was found that the distance between cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar bone crest was 1mm on average, indicating bone resection. The tomographic exam with the use of a labial retractor allowed greater quality and precision in the analysis of the anatomical structures, aiding diagnosis, in the determination of the prognosis and in the planning of the treatment of excessive gingival display.

Estudo da frequência e da variabilidade de posições dos terceiros molares nas radiografias panorâmicas no serviço de radiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The study of frequency and variability of third molars positions in panoramic radiographs at the radiology service of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais

Objetivo: Traçar um perfil epidemiológico da variação de posição dos terceiros molares dos pacientes que frequentaram o serviço de radiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FO-UFMG) no período de setembro de 2014 a setembro de 2015, visando melhorar o conhecimento do cirurgião dentista para planejamentos cirúrgicos mais assertivos. Métodos: Foram analisadas 469 radiografias panorâmicas que possuíam pelo menos um terceiro molar. Essas radiografias foram classificadas de acordo com a posição do terceiro molar em relação ao plano oclusal; ao eixo do segundo molar; ao ramo ascendente da mandíbula e ao canal mandibular. Resultados: Dentre as 469 radiografias analisadas, 62,7% foram de pacientes do gênero feminino e 37,3% do gênero masculino. Foi possível observar a presença dos dentes 18 (370); 28 (369); 38 (341) e 48 (363); o que resultou em 1.443 terceiros molares presentes no estudo. A maioria dos terceiros molares inferiores encontrava-se na posição vertical, seguida pelas posições mesioangular e horizontal. A classe II foi a mais frequente, seguida pela classe I e por último da classe III e maioria dos terceiros molares inferiores estava na posição A seguidos pela posição B e por último da posição C. O sinal radiográfico mais frequente foi o obscurecimento dos ápices. Conclusão: Foi possível observar a frequência das posições dos terceiros molares inferiores através da análise das radiografias panorâmicas realizadas no serviço de radiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia da UFMG. O conhecimento das posições e classificações dos terceiros molares nas radiografias panorâmicas pelo cirurgião dentista pode contribuir para um diagnóstico e planejamento cirúrgico adequados. Descritores: Dente terceiro molar. Radiografia panorâmica. Radiologia.(AU)

Aim: This article seeks to describe the epidemiological profile of the variation and frequency of the positioning of third molars of patients who received dental care at the Radiology Department of the School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG) from September 2014 to September 2015. The overall aim is to improve the knowledge of dental surgeons for better surgical planning. Methods: This study selected 469 radiographs that had at least one third molar. These radiographs were classified according to the position of the third molars in relation to the occlusal plane, to the axis of the second molar, to the ascending mandibular ramus, and to the mandibular canal. Results: Among the 469 radiographs analyzed in this study, 62.7% were female patients and 37.3% were male. It was possible to observe the presence of teeth 18 (370), 28 (369), 38 (341), and 48 (363), which resulted in study sample of 1,443 third molars. Most of the mandibular third molars were found in the vertical position, followed by the mesioangular position and the horizontal position. Class II was the most frequent, followed by class I and class III. Moreover, most of the mandibular third molars were found in position A, followed by position B and position C. The most commonly observed radiographic sign was the obscuration of the roots. Conclusion: It was possible to observe the frequency of positions of the mandibular third molars through the analysis of panoramic radiographs performed at the radiology service of the Radiology Department of the UFMG School of Dentistry. The dental surgeon's knowledge of the positions and classifications of third molars in panoramic radiographs can aid in reaching an appropriate diagnosis and proper surgical planning.(AU)

Comparative study of oral and salivary parameters in patients with and without loss of bone mass

Abstract Osteoporosis is an insidious and increasingly prevalent disease that can cause fractures and affect patients' quality of life. The current study comparatively evaluates patients with and without loss of bone mass in terms of salivary calcium, viscosity, and pH. A controlled cross-sectional study was conducted in two groups of 32 postmenopausal women subjected to a bone densitometry scan and later referred for dental management at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The patients were assigned to two groups: Group 1 - patients with low bone mineral density (BMD) and Group 2 - patients without bone mineral changes. The following salivary parameters were evaluated: calcium concentration, flow rate, viscosity, pH, and average total protein. An oral examination was performed for assessment of DMFT variables and tongue coating. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, adopting a p-value < 0.05. The patients' mean age was 60 years (± 7.35). Salivary flow, pH, and viscosity were similar among the groups. Average total protein was 14.8 mg/mL and 19.0 mg/mL in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Tongue coating and salivary calcium levels were significantly higher in Group 1 (p < 0.001). Salivary calcium is an important screening tool and may eventually be used for the diagnosis of bone mineral changes.

Classifications of mandibular canal branching: A review of literature.

AIM: To gather existing radiographic classifications of mandibular canals branching, considering the criteria on which these were based. METHODS: The search for studies on mandibular canals based on imaging exams included literature reviews, epidemiological studies of prevalence, descriptive studies, or case reports. An electronic search in the MEDLINE (OvidSP), PubMed, EMBASE (OvidSP), Web of Science (Thompson Reuters), and Scopus (Elsevier) databases was performed, as well as a manual evaluation of the references of the selected articles. Combinations of key words were placed in each database. No restrictions were imposed regarding the year of publication or language. References collected in duplicate were removed by the authors. A table was drawn up, containing the included studies and respective interest data. RESULTS: Six classifications of mandibular canals branching were selected for the present literature review. Four were based on two-dimensional radiographic exams, and two were performed based on three-dimensional tomographic exams. Three-dimensional classifications were determined based on the analysis found in the least number of exams, comparatively to two-dimensional studies. The prevalence of mandibular canal branching varied from 0% to 38.75% in the works based on two-dimensional exams, while those found in three-dimensional exams ranged from 15.6% to 65%. The studies were mostly referred to branches that began in the mandibular ramus. Just one classification considered the branches that began in the mandibular body region. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional exams appear to be the best method to view mandibular canal branching. Further studies are warranted to determine its true prevalence and questions concerning to associations.

Bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas: case report and literature review.

Tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas are dystrophic calcifications that can be identified in routine oral radiographs. This case report is the first description in the English literature of the simultaneous occurrence of bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas. Panoramic oral radiographs from a 62-year-old woman presented bilateral radiopaque images of the left and right ramus of the mandible; multiple and well-defined radiopacities below the left angle of the mandible, next to the C3-C4 cervical vertebrae; and a single radiopacity on the right side between the hyoid bone and the mandible base. Computed tomography confirmed the exact location of the calcifications in the oropharyngeal and carotid spaces. A diagnosis of bilateral tonsilloliths and calcified carotid atheromas was reached. Doppler ultrasound indicated a degree of stenosis of ± 20% within the right and left carotids. The patient was referred to a vascular surgeon to evaluate the calcified carotid atheromas. Follow-up of the tonsilloliths was also performed.

Efeitos de terapias de estimulação mecânica e elétrica no fluxo salivar, na mucosite oral induzida por quimioterapia e no nível de citocinas na saliva de pacientes submetidos a TCTH / Effect of mechanical and electrical therapies on salivary flow in oral mucositis induced by chemotherapy and cytokine levels in saliva of patients undergoing HSCT

Objetivo. Avaliar os efeitos das terapias de estimulação salivar no fluxo salivar, da mucosite oral e nos níveis de citocinas salivares em pacientes que receberam transplante alogênico de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. modelo de estudo. Trinta e cinco pacientes foram randomizados em três grupos, classificados pelo tipo de terapia de estimulação salivar submetidos: O grupo do Hiperbolóide, da estimulação elétrica nervosa trancutânea (TENS), o da combinação desseas duas terapias; e do grupo controle. Saliva em repouso e estimulada foram coletadas de 7 dias antes, a 14 dias após transplante. Citocinas salivares foram avaliados pelo método ELISA...

Oral giant cell granuloma in a patient with glycogen storage disease.

The glycogen storage disease (GSD) is a group of inherited disorders that involve deficiencies in the enzymes that metabolize glycogen. The purpose of the present paper is to report a rare case of GSD type 1b that presented both peripheral and central giant cell granuloma, and to discuss the possible explanation for this unusual finding. The use of corticosteroids in the management of central giant cell granuloma is also demonstrated.