The use of contraceptives and their nutritional impact on medical students.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the impact of contraceptives on medical students at the Federal University of Paraná and verify adherence, consequences, and lifestyle effects of the contraceptive method used. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study in which 214 participants answered an online questionnaire composed of 30 questions. For statistical analysis, the Stata® 16.0 software was used, and the mean and standard deviation were estimated to characterize continuous variables with a normal distribution and percentages for categorical variables. For group-to-group comparisons, a one-way ANOVA was used for normal continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS: Almost 10% (9.3%) of women used condoms only, and double protection (condom+oral contraceptives) corresponds to 23.4%. Of the 214 participants, 38 reported making exclusive use of long-acting reversible contraception, and 13.6% of the interviewees used oral contraceptives exclusively. More than 88% of the interviewees believe that the medical course provided adequate education on contraception. Regarding lifestyle habits, 71.5% of the students reported alcohol intake, tobacco use, and/or other drug use. CONCLUSION: There was a great diversity of combinations between contraceptive methods used by the medical student at Federal University of Paraná, the most prevalent being the oral contraceptive associated with male condoms. There was a greater association in the use of long-acting reversible contraception in married students. Although 88.3% of the participants believed that they had a good education about contraception at university, only half of them use condoms in sexual relationships. The rate of adherence to alcohol and tobacco among students is considerable, and such practices can negatively affect a nutritional profile, a healthy lifestyle, and safe sexual practices. Brazilian medical schools are fundamental for the advancement of medical education in contraception and for the creation of public policies on family planning.

K.I.S.S. technique: sistematização para um preenchimento labial simples e seguro / K.I.S.S. Lip Filler Technique - keeping injections simple and safe when filling lips

Para tornar o preenchimento labial mais simples e seguro, desenvolvemos a técnica de preenchimento labial K.I.S.S. - Keep Injection Simple and Safe. Para ser simples, a técnica recomenda apenas a avaliação de quatro parâmetros anatômicos e o preenchimento de cinco áreas labiais. Por segurança, a injeção é realizada apenas no plano supramuscular, por meio de cânulas de ponta romba, inseridas a partir de quatro portas de entrada, duas no lábio superior e duas no lábio inferior. O preenchimento é realizado em vetores anatômicos específicos para volumização, projeção, melhora do contorno e sustentação do arco do cupido e comissuras labiais

To simplify the procedure and increase lip augmentation safety, we have developed the KISS - Keep Injection Simple and Safe lip filler technique. To be simple, the method recommends only the evaluation of four anatomical parameters and the filling of five labial areas. To be safe, the injection is performed only in the supramuscular plane, using cannulas with a blunt tip, inserted in four entries: two in the upper lip and two in the lower lip. Fillers are injected in specific anatomical vectors for lips volumization, projection, contour improvement, and support of cupid's bow and lip corners

Fios de PDO, hidroxiapatita de cálcio e ácido l-polilático para flacidez vulvar - indicações, técnica e resultados / PDO threads, calcium hydroxyapatite and l-polylactic acid for vulvar flaccidity - indications, technique and results

Os grandes lábios tornam-se flácidos com o envelhecimento. Apesar de o preenchimento com ácido hialurônico proporcionar um rejuvenescimento significativo, ele também pode levar à formação de verdadeiros testículos vulvares se mal indicado, principalmente em vulvas excessivamente flácidas, que não suportam qualquer volumização adicional. Nesses casos de flacidez excessiva, acreditamos que os bioestimuladores de colágeno seriam o melhor tratamento inicial, pois sua injeção levaria à reposição de colágeno dérmico, com melhora da frouxidão, sem acréscimo expressivo de volume. Temos utilizado a hidroxiapatita de cálcio, o ácido l-polilático e os fios não espiculados de PDO, desde 2019, com bons resultados.

The labia majora become saggy with aging. Although filling with hyaluronic acid provides significant rejuvenation, it can also lead to the formation of true vulvar testicles if poorly indicated, especially in excessively flaccid vulvas, which do not support any further volumization. In these cases of excessive flaccidity, we believe that collagen biostimulators would be the best initial treatment, as their injection would lead to the replacement of dermal collagen and improvement in laxity, without a significant increase in volume. We have been using calcium hydroxyapatite, l-polylactic acid, and PDO threads since 2019, with good results.

The use of contraceptives and their nutritional impact on medical students

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the impact of contraceptives on medical students at the Federal University of Paraná and verify adherence, consequences, and lifestyle effects of the contraceptive method used. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional study in which 214 participants answered an online questionnaire composed of 30 questions. For statistical analysis, the Stata® 16.0 software was used, and the mean and standard deviation were estimated to characterize continuous variables with a normal distribution and percentages for categorical variables. For group-to-group comparisons, a one-way ANOVA was used for normal continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. RESULTS: Almost 10% (9.3%) of women used condoms only, and double protection (condom+oral contraceptives) corresponds to 23.4%. Of the 214 participants, 38 reported making exclusive use of long-acting reversible contraception, and 13.6% of the interviewees used oral contraceptives exclusively. More than 88% of the interviewees believe that the medical course provided adequate education on contraception. Regarding lifestyle habits, 71.5% of the students reported alcohol intake, tobacco use, and/or other drug use. CONCLUSION: There was a great diversity of combinations between contraceptive methods used by the medical student at Federal University of Paraná, the most prevalent being the oral contraceptive associated with male condoms. There was a greater association in the use of long-acting reversible contraception in married students. Although 88.3% of the participants believed that they had a good education about contraception at university, only half of them use condoms in sexual relationships. The rate of adherence to alcohol and tobacco among students is considerable, and such practices can negatively affect a nutritional profile, a healthy lifestyle, and safe sexual practices. Brazilian medical schools are fundamental for the advancement of medical education in contraception and for the creation of public policies on family planning.

Assessing Brazilian Medical Student Awareness About Global Surgery: A Survey-Based Study.

BACKGROUND: Global surgery is an interdisciplinary field that advocates for access to equitable, affordable surgical services for all people. Engaging medical students in the field can strengthen the surgical workforce in low- and middle-income countries. We aim to investigate Brazilian medical students' acknowledgment of global surgery and their preferred learning platforms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study through an anonymous Portuguese survey on Google Forms, consisting of 30 mixed multiple-choice and five-point Likert scale questions. Students enrolled in a Brazilian medical school from the second to sixth academic year fulfilled inclusion criteria. The association between qualitative variables was assessed using Chi-square, Fisher's exact test, or binary logistic model. RESULTS: We received 1,345 responses from 208 medical schools. Only 20.9% (282/1,345) of participants reported awareness of global surgery, who were predominantly female. 96.5% (1,298/1,345) declared interest in knowing more about global surgery and participants indicated social media (71.6%, 202/282) as the prevalent manner to gain awareness on it, followed by webinars (63.5%, 179/282). Extracurricular classes were the most preferable option among students (61.4%, 827/1,345) to get acquainted with the field, followed by internships (59.4%, 812/1,345), workshops (57%, 767/1,345), and social media (53.4%, 730/1,345). The main obstacles to pursue a global surgery career were lack of national opportunities (32%, 431/1,345) and adequate training (25.4%, 341/1,345). CONCLUSION: We outlined the most strategic pathways to raising awareness on global surgery among Brazilian medical students, providing relevant insights on its education in similar settings.

Antenatal screening of depressive and manic symptoms in south Brazilian childbearing women: A transversal study in advance of the pandemic scenario.

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of mood disorders (MD) during pregnancy is challenging and may bring negative consequences to the maternal-fetal binomial. The long waitlist for specialized psychiatric evaluation in Brazil contributes to the treatment omission. Almost 20.0% of women treated with antidepressants have a positive screening for bipolar disorder. Therefore, it has been recommended the investigation of depressive and bipolar disorder during prenatal care. Unfortunately, the screening for mood disorders is not a reality in Brazil and many childbearing women remain undiagnosed. The objective of this study is to observe the frequency of MD and the effectiveness of screening scales for routine use by health professionals during prenatal care in high-risk pregnancies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This cross-sectional study included 61 childbearing women in their second trimester who were interviewed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ). The cut-off point was EPDS ≥ 13 and MDQ ≥ 7 and the SCID-5 was the gold standard diagnosis. MD were diagnosed in 24.6% of the high-risk pregnancies. EDPS was positive in 19.7% and the frequency of major depression was 8.2%. 16.4% of the childbearing women were diagnosed with bipolar disorder, while MDQ was positive in 36.1%. 11.5% of the women had EPDS and MDQ positive. EPDS sensitivity was 80.0% and specificity 92.1%, whereas MDQ presented a sensitivity of 70.0% and specificity of 70.6%. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: There is a high prevalence of MD in high-risk pregnancies. The routine use of EPDS simultaneously to MDQ during antenatal care is effective and plays an important role in early diagnosis, counselling, and promotion of perinatal mental health.

Myoma Expulsion after Uterine Artery Embolization.

INTRODUCTION: Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign pelvic tumors in women over 35 years and can be symptomatic or asymptomatic. Among the main treatment strategies, there are hormone therapy, hysterectomy, myomectomy, and uterine artery embolization (UAE), a recent and promising treatment for patients who wish to avoid hysterectomy. Ideal candidates for UAE are women with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas that present no desire for pregnancy, premenopausal and heavy menstrual bleeding, or dysmenorrhea caused by intramural fibroids. Case Presentation. A 36-year-old female diagnosed with leiomyomas and an extensive history of failed previous treatments who, in order to preserve her uterus, underwent UAE and had tumor expulsion 15 days after the procedure. The patient remained eight months in amenorrhea and, currently, presents normal hormone levels and irregular periods. CONCLUSION: UAE presents itself as a minimally invasive procedure and as an efficient alternative for those patients who wish to preserve their uteri and also improve their symptoms and quality of life.

Workers' compensation is associated with worst clinical results after lumbar fusion / Compensação trabalhista é associada a piores resultados clínicos após artrodese lombar / Compensación laboral es asociada con los peores resultados clínicos después de artrodesis lumbar

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of clinical results with preoperative situation of worker compensation (WC) in patients submitted to spine surgery. Methods: This was a retrospective, comparative, single center study. Patients who underwent lumbar spine arthrodesis were included. The outcomes were pain scores (VAS), physical constraint (ODI) and quality of life (EQ-5D). Outcomes were analyzed before surgery and after surgery (minimum follow-up of six months and maximum of 12). Two groups were compared: individuals with or without WC at preoperative visit. Results: A total of 132 cases were analyzed (mean age 54 years and 51% female), 29 (22%) assigned to the WC group. The groups were matched for age, sex, and preoperative depression levels. In the preoperative period, the groups showed equal pain and physical constraint; however the CT group had lower quality of life (p=0.05). Although both groups showed improvement in clinical outcomes after surgery (p<0.05), worse scores were observed for the WC group compared to the non-WC group, respectively: VAS 4.9 vs. 3.2 (p=0.02), ODI 34.7 vs. 23.4 (p=0.002), and EQ-5D 0.56 vs. 0.75 (p=0.01). Conclusion: In this study it was possible to observe that WC is associated with worse clinical results following elective surgical treatment of the lumbar spine.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação de resultados clínicos à situação pré-operatória de compensação trabalhista (CT) em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de coluna. Métodos: Este estudo foi retrospectivo, comparativo e em único centro. Foram incluídos pacientes que passaram por artrodese da coluna lombar. Os desfechos clínicos foram escores de dor (EVA), restrição física (ODI) e qualidade de vida (EQ-5D). Os desfechos foram analisados antes e depois da cirurgia (acompanhamento mínimo de seis meses e máximo de 12). Dois grupos foram comparados: indivíduos sem ou com CT na visita pré-operatória. Resultados: No total foram analisados 132 casos (média de idade 54 anos e 51% do sexo feminino), sendo 29 (22%) do grupo com CT. Os grupos se mostraram pareados quanto a idade, sexo e nível de depressão pré-operatória. No pré-operatório os grupos se mostraram iguais quanto a dor e restrição física, porém, o grupo com CT apresentava qualidade de vida inferior (p = 0,05). Apesar de os dois grupos terem mostrado melhora nos desfechos clínicos após a cirurgia (p < 0,05), observaram-se piores escores para o grupo com CT comparado com grupo sem CT, respectivamente: EVA 4,9 vs. 3,2 (p = 0,02), ODI 34,7 vs. 23,4 (p = 0,002) e EQ-5D 0,56 vs. 0,75 (p = 0,01). Conclusão: No presente trabalho, foi possível observar que a CT está ligada a piores resultados clínicos após tratamento cirúrgico eletivo da coluna lombar.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación de resultados clínicos con la condición preoperatoria de compensación laboral (CL) en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de columna. Métodos: Este estudio fue retrospectivo, comparativo y en un único centro. Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a la artrodesis de la columna lumbar. Los parámetros clínicos analizados fueron puntuaciones de dolor (EVA), restricción física (ODI) y calidad de vida (EQ-5D). Esos parámetros se analizaron antes y después de la cirugía (seguimiento mínimo de seis meses y máximo de 12). Se compararon dos grupos: pacientes sin o con CL en la visita preoperatoria. Resultados: En total se analizaron 132 casos (promedio de edad 54 años y 51% del sexo femenino), siendo 29 (22%) del grupo con CL. Los grupos eran pareados en cuanto a edad, sexo y nivel de depresión preoperatoria. En el preoperatorio los grupos se mostraron iguales en cuanto al dolor y restricción física, pero el grupo con CL presentaba calidad de vida inferior (p = 0,05). Aunque los dos grupos hayan mostrado una mejora en los parámetros clínicos después de la cirugía (p < 0,05), se observaron puntuaciones más bajas en el grupo de CL en comparación con el grupo sin CL, respectivamente: EVA 4,9 vs. 3,2 (p = 0,02), ODI 34,7 vs. 23,4 (p = 0,002) y EQ-5D 0,56 vs. 0,75 (p = 0,01). Conclusión: En el presente estudio fue posible observar que la CL está vinculada a peores resultados clínicos después del tratamiento quirúrgico electivo de la columna lumbar.

Influence of psychosocial distress in the results of elective lumbar spine surgery.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain can be caused by several pathological entities and its perception can be altered by external factors, for example by some psychological and social factors. The objective of this study was to compare surgical outcomes in patients with or without psychosocial issues. METHODS: Single center, retrospective and comparative study. Patients with indication to elective lumbar spine surgery were screened for some psychosocial factors. As a result of the screening, patients were divided in two groups: mild psychosocial issues (green group) or moderate psychosocial issues (yellow group). The groups were compared using the following variables: demographic and clinical history, depression (HAD-D), anxiety (HAD-A), pain levels [visual analogue scale (VAS)], disability [Oswestry disability index (ODI)] and quality of life [EuroQol 5D (EQ-5D)] at preop and 6-12 months follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients were included (51% female) in this study. The 62.5% were allocated at the green group, and 37.5% in the yellow group. Similar pain levels were observed at preop, but the green group evolved with superior improvement in pain levels after surgery (P=0.003). In the ODI and EQ-5D scales, the green group had already shown lower clinical disability at preop (P=0.009 and P=0.003, respectively) and evolved with better outcomes at the final evaluation (P=0.049 and P=0.017). VAS, ODI and EQ-5D scores improved from baseline similarly in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Presurgical screening identify the presence of psychological distress. Psychosocial factors are correlated with poorer clinical outcomes, both in the baseline and after the surgery. Despite the differences between found, even patients with mild psychosocial impairment can experience clinical improvement with surgery.

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fertility in Experimental Retrocervical Endometriosis / O efeito das células-tronco mesenquimais na fertilidade em endometriose retrocervical experimental

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on fertility in experimental retrocervical endometriosis. Methods A total of 27 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: endometriosis, in which endometrial implants were created; mesenchymal, in which MSCs were applied in addition to the creation of endometrial implants; and control, the group without endometriosis. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the dichotomous qualitative variables among the groups. The quantitative variables were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The MannWhitney test was used for post-hoc multiple comparison with Boniferroni correction. Results Regarding the beginning of the fertile period, the three groups had medians of 14±12.7, 40±5, and 33±8.9 days respectively (p = 0.005). With regard to fertility (number of pregnancies), the endometriosis and control groups showed a rate of 77.78%, whereas the mesenchymal group showed a rate of 11.20% (p = 0.015). No differences in Keenan's histological classification were observed among the groups (p = 0.730). With regard to the macroscopic appearance of the lesions, the mesenchymal group showed the most pelvic adhesions. Conclusion The use of MSCs in endometriosis negatively contributed to fertility, suggesting the role of these cells in the development of this disease.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito das células-tronco mesenquimais sobre a fertilidade na endometriose retrocervical experimental. Métodos Um total de 27 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididas em três grupos: endometriose, em que os implantes endometriais foram criados; mesenquimal, em que as células-tronco mesenquimais foram aplicadas complementarmente à criação implantes endometriais; e controle, sem endometriose. O teste exato de Fisher foi realizado para comparar variáveis dicotômicas qualitativas entre os grupos. As variáveis quantitativas foram comparadas pelos testes não paramétricos de MannWhitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação múltipla pós-hoc com correção de Boniferroni. Resultados em relação ao início do período fértil, os grupos endometriose, mesenquimal e controle tiveram medianas de 14±12,7; 40±5; e 33±8,9 dias, respectivamente (p = 0,005). Sobre a taxa de fertilidade (número de gravidezes), os grupos endometriose e controle mostraram uma taxa de 77,78%, enquanto o grupo mesenquimal mostrou uma taxa de 11,20% (p = 0,015). Não foram observadas diferenças na classificação histológica de Keenan entre os grupos (p = 0,730). No que diz respeito à aparência macroscópica das lesões, o grupo mesenquimal mostrou maiores adesões pélvicas. Conclusão O uso de células-tronco mesenquimais na endometriose contribuiu negativamente para a fertilidade, sugerindo o papel dessas células no desenvolvimento da doença.

The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Fertility in Experimental Retrocervical Endometriosis.

Purpose To evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on fertility in experimental retrocervical endometriosis. Methods A total of 27 New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups: endometriosis, in which endometrial implants were created; mesenchymal, in which MSCs were applied in addition to the creation of endometrial implants; and control, the group without endometriosis. Fisher's exact test was performed to compare the dichotomous qualitative variables among the groups. The quantitative variables were compared by the nonparametric Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The Mann-Whitney test was used for post-hoc multiple comparison with Boniferroni correction. Results Regarding the beginning of the fertile period, the three groups had medians of 14 ± 12.7, 40 ± 5, and 33 ± 8.9 days respectively (p = 0.005). With regard to fertility (number of pregnancies), the endometriosis and control groups showed a rate of 77.78%, whereas the mesenchymal group showed a rate of 11.20% (p = 0.015). No differences in Keenan's histological classification were observed among the groups (p = 0.730). With regard to the macroscopic appearance of the lesions, the mesenchymal group showed the most pelvic adhesions. Conclusion The use of MSCs in endometriosis negatively contributed to fertility, suggesting the role of these cells in the development of this disease.

Objetivo Avaliar o efeito das células-tronco mesenquimais sobre a fertilidade na endometriose retrocervical experimental. Métodos Um total de 27 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia foram divididas em três grupos: endometriose, em que os implantes endometriais foram criados; mesenquimal, em que as células-tronco mesenquimais foram aplicadas complementarmente à criação implantes endometriais; e controle, sem endometriose. O teste exato de Fisher foi realizado para comparar variáveis dicotômicas qualitativas entre os grupos. As variáveis quantitativas foram comparadas pelos testes não paramétricos de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para a comparação múltipla pós-hoc com correção de Boniferroni. Resultados em relação ao início do período fértil, os grupos endometriose, mesenquimal e controle tiveram medianas de 14 ± 12,7; 40 ± 5; e 33 ± 8,9 dias, respectivamente (p = 0,005). Sobre a taxa de fertilidade (número de gravidezes), os grupos endometriose e controle mostraram uma taxa de 77,78%, enquanto o grupo mesenquimal mostrou uma taxa de 11,20% (p = 0,015). Não foram observadas diferenças na classificação histológica de Keenan entre os grupos (p = 0,730). No que diz respeito à aparência macroscópica das lesões, o grupo mesenquimal mostrou maiores adesões pélvicas. Conclusão O uso de células-tronco mesenquimais na endometriose contribuiu negativamente para a fertilidade, sugerindo o papel dessas células no desenvolvimento da doença.

Evaluation of the prevalence of stress and its phases in acute myocardial infarction in patients active in the labor market.

INTRODUCTION: Acute myocardial infarction is a social health problem of epidemiological relevance, with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Stress is one of the modifiable risk factors that triggers acute myocardial infarction. Stress is a result of a set of physiological reactions, which when exaggerated in intensity or duration can lead to imbalances in one's organism, resulting in vulnerability to diseases. OBJECTIVE: To identify the presence of stress and its phases in hospitalized and active labor market patients with unstable myocardial infarction and observe its correlation with the life of this population with stress. METHODS: The methodology used was a quantitative, descriptive and transversal research approach conducted with a total of 43 patients, who were still active in the labor market, presenting or not morbidities. Data collection occurred on the fourth day of their hospitalization and patients responded to Lipp's Stress Symptom Inventory for adults. RESULTS: Thirty-one patients (72.1%) presented stress and twelve (27.8%) did not. In patients with stress, the identified phases were: alert - one patient (3.2%); resistance -twenty-two patients (71.0%); quasi-exhaustion - six patients (19.4%) and exhaustion - two patients (6.5%). All women researched presented stress. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a high level of stress, especially in the resistance phase, in the male infarcted population, hospitalized and active in the labor market.

Evaluation of the prevalence of stress and its phases in acute myocardial infarction in patients active in the labor market / Avaliação da prevalência do estresse e suas fases no infarto agudo do miocárdio em pacientes atuantes no mercado de trabalho

Introduction: Acute myocardial infarction is a social health problem of epidemiological relevance, with high levels of morbidity and mortality. Stress is one of the modifiable risk factors that triggers acute myocardial infarction. Stress is a result of a set of physiological reactions, which when exaggerated in intensity or duration can lead to imbalances in one's organism, resulting in vulnerability to diseases. Objective: To identify the presence of stress and its phases in hospitalized and active labor market patients with unstable myocardial infarction and observe its correlation with the life of this population with stress. Methods: The methodology used was a quantitative, descriptive and transversal research approach conducted with a total of 43 patients, who were still active in the labor market, presenting or not morbidities. Data collection occurred on the fourth day of their hospitalization and patients responded to Lipp's Stress Symptom Inventory for adults. Results: Thirty-one patients (72.1%) presented stress and twelve (27.8%) did not. In patients with stress, the identified phases were: alert - one patient (3.2%); resistance -twenty-two patients (71.0%); quasi-exhaustion - six patients (19.4%) and exhaustion - two patients (6.5%). All women researched presented stress. Conclusion: The results suggest a high level of stress, especially in the resistance phase, in the male infarcted population, hospitalized and active in the labor market. .

Introdução: O infarto agudo do miocárdio é um problema de saúde coletiva com altos índices de morbimortalidade com relevância epidemiológica. O estresse é um dos fatores de risco modificáveis desencadeantes do infarto agudo do miocárdio. O estresse é composto por um conjunto de reações fisiológicas que, se exageradas em intensidade ou duração, podem levar a um desequilíbrio do organismo, propiciando vulnerabilidade às doenças. Objetivo: Identificar a presença ou não do estresse e as fases do mesmo, em pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio, ativos no mercado de trabalho. Métodos: Pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva e transversal que analisou 43 pacientes com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio entre 21 e 65 anos, ativos no mercado de trabalho com ou sem comorbidades. A coleta de dados ocorreu no quarto dia de hospitalização; os pacientes responderam ao Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de Lipp. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 50,3 anos. A incidência de infarto agudo do miocárdio nos homens foi de 91% e nas mulheres de 9%. Em relação à escolaridade até o segundo grau entre homens e mulheres foi de 16% e com segundo grau completo ou mais, de 84%. Apresentaram estresse 31 pacientes (72,1%), não apresentaram estresse 12 (27,9%). Nos pacientes com estresse, as fases identificadas foram: alerta: 1 paciente (3,2%); resistência: 22 pacientes (71,0%); quase-exaustão: 6 pacientes (19,4%) e exaustão: 2 pacientes (6,5%). Todas as mulheres da pesquisa apresentaram estresse. Conclusão: Os resultados encontrados sugerem um elevado nível de estresse, principalmente na fase de resistência, na população de cardiopatas em infarto agudo do miocárdio ativos no mercado de trabalho. .

Myocardial regeneration after implantation of porcine small intestinal submucosa in the left ventricle.

INTRODUCTION: Most cardiomyocytes do not regenerate after myocardial infarction. Porcine small intestinal submucosa has been shown to be effective in tissue repair. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate myocardial tissue regeneration and functional effects of SIS implantation in pigs after left ventriculotomy. METHODS: Fifteen pigs were assigned to two groups: porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) (N=10) and control (N=5). The SIS group underwent a mini sternotomy, left ventriculotomy and placement of a SIS patch. The control group underwent a sham procedure. Echocardiography was performed before and 60 days after the surgical procedure. Histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin stain and markers for actin 1A4, anti sarcomeric actin, connexin43 and factor VIII. RESULTS: Weight gain was similar in both groups. Echocardiography analysis revealed no difference between groups regarding end diastolic and systolic diameters and left ventricular ejection fraction, both pre (P=0.118, P=0.313, P=0.944) and post procedure (P=0.333, P=0.522, P=0.628). Both groups showed an increase in end diastolic (P<0,001 for both) and systolic diameter 60 days after surgery (P=0.005, SIS group and P=0.004, control group). New cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and inflammatory reactions were histologically identified in the SIS group. CONCLUSION: SIS implantation in pigs after left ventriculotomy was associated with angiomuscular regeneration and no damage in cardiac function.

Myocardial regeneration after implantation of porcine small intestinal submucosa in the left ventricle / Regeneração miocárdica após implante de submucosa intestinal suína no ventrículo esquerdo

Introduction: Most cardiomyocytes do not regenerate after myocardial infarction. Porcine small intestinal submucosa has been shown to be effective in tissue repair. Objective: To evaluate myocardial tissue regeneration and functional effects of SIS implantation in pigs after left ventriculotomy. Methods: Fifteen pigs were assigned to two groups: porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) (N=10) and control (N=5). The SIS group underwent a mini sternotomy, left ventriculotomy and placement of a SIS patch. The control group underwent a sham procedure. Echocardiography was performed before and 60 days after the surgical procedure. Histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin-eosin stain and markers for actin 1A4, anti sarcomeric actin, connexin43 and factor VIII. Results: Weight gain was similar in both groups. Echocardiography analysis revealed no difference between groups regarding end diastolic and systolic diameters and left ventricular ejection fraction, both pre (P=0.118, P=0.313, P=0.944) and post procedure (P=0.333, P=0.522, P=0.628). Both groups showed an increase in end diastolic (P<0,001 for both) and systolic diameter 60 days after surgery (P=0.005, SIS group and P=0.004, control group). New cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and inflammatory reactions were histologically identified in the SIS group. Conclusion: SIS implantation in pigs after left ventriculotomy was associated with angiomuscular regeneration and no damage in cardiac function. .

Introdução: A grande maioria dos cardiomiócitos não tem capacidade de regeneração após o infarto do miocárdio. A submucosa do intestino porcino tem-se mostrado eficiente como reparador tecidual. Objetivo: Analisar a capacidade de regeneração tecidual miocárdica e o efeito funcional do implante da submucosa do intestino porcino após ventriculotomia esquerda em porcos. Métodos: Quinze porcos foram separados em dois grupos: submucosa (N=10) e controle (N=5). Os animais do grupo submucosa foram submetidos a uma mini esternotomia inferior e ao implante da submucosa porcina na ventriculotomia esquerda. No grupo controle, foi realizada apenas a mini-esternotomia. Foi realizada análise ecocardiográfica no pré-operatório e 60 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico. A análise histológica foi feita com hematoxilina-eosila e marcadores para Actina 1A4, anti-actina sarcomérica, conexina43 e fator VIII. Resultados: O ganho de peso foi semelhante entre os grupos. Considerando a análise ecocardiográfica, não foi identificada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos com relação ao diâmetro sistólico final, diâmetro diastólico final e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda, tanto no pré (P=0.118, P=0.313, P=0.944) quanto no pós-operatório (P=0.333, P=0.522, P=0.628). Ambos os grupos mostraram um aumento no diâmetro sistólico final (P=0.005, grupo submucosa e P=0.004, grupo controle) e diâmetro diastólico final (P<0,001 para ambos) 60 dias após a cirurgia. À histologia, identificou-se a presença de novos cardiomiócitos, fibras musculares lisas, vasos sanguíneos e reação inflamatória no grupo submucosa. Conclusão: O implante de submucosa intestinal porcina após ...

Efeito do exercício associado ao transplante de células-tronco sobre a função ventricular de ratos pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio / Effect of exercise associated with stem cell transplantation on ventricular function in rats after acute myocardial infarction

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito da associação terapêutica entre o transplante autólogo de células-tronco e o exercício físico aquático, sobre a fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) de ratos com disfunção ventricular pós-infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). MÉTODOS: Foram induzidos ao IAM, por ligadura da artéria coronária esquerda, 21 ratos Wistar. Os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia para avaliação da FEVE (%) e dos volumes diastólico e sistólico finais do ventrículo esquerdo (VDF, VSF, ml), randomizados e ao transplante das células-tronco mononucleares. Os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo sedentário sem células (n=5), sedentário com células (n=5), treinado sem células (n=5) e treinado com células (n=6). O treinamento físico foi iniciado 30 dias após o IAM e realizado em piscina adaptada durante 30 dias. No início e no final do protocolo de treinamento físico, foram realizadas dosagens de lactato. Os animais foram submetidos a nova ecocardiografia após 60 dias do IAM. RESULTADOS: Comparação dos valores de FEVE 30 dias e 60 dias pós-IAM, respectivamente: sedentário sem (35,20 ± 7,64% vs. 22,39 ± 4,56% P=0,026), com células (25,18 ± 7,73% vs. 23,85 ± 9,51% P=0,860) e no treinado sem (21,49 ± 2,70% vs. 20,71 ± 7,14% P=0,792), treinado com células (28,86 ± 6,68 vs. 38,43 ±7,56% P=0,062). Identificou-se a diminuição de fibras colágenas, nas regiões de fibrose miocárdica no grupo treinado com e sem células. CONCLUSÃO: A associação terapêutica entre exercício físico e o transplante autólogo de células-tronco foi benéfica contra as ações do remodelamento ventricular.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the functional and anatomical-pathological effect of transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells associated to aquatic physical activity after myocardial infarction in rats. METHODS: Twenty-one rats were induced by myocardial infarction, through left coronary artery ligation. After a week, the animals were subjected to echocardiography for evaluation of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF, %) and dyastolic and end systolic volume of the left ventricle (EDV, ESV, ml), randomized and the transplantation of mononuclear stem cells. The animals were divided into four groups: sedentary group without cells (n=5), sedentary with cells (n=5), trained without cells (n=5) and trained with cells (n=6). The physical training was started 30 days after infarction and held in swimming during 30 days. At the beginning and at the end of the physical training protocol were held assay of lactate. The animals have been subjected to new echocardiography after 60 days of myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Two months after the transplant, were observed decrease in FE in the control group (35.2 to 23.54 P=0.022) and addition of LVEF and stabilization of ventricular remodeling in the group trained with cells (29.85 to 33.43% P=0.062 and 0.71 to 0.73 ml, P=0.776, respectively). Identified the reduction of collagen fibers, myocardial fibrosis regions in the group trained with and without cells. CONCLUSION: The group trained with cells improves ventricular function compared to the control group, suggesting the benefit of associated cell therapy will physical activity.

The functional effect of soybean extract and isolated isoflavone on myocardial infarction and ventricular dysfunction: the soybean extract on myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction is a public health problem. Functional food is an alternative treatment for cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to analyze the functional and anatomopathological post-myocardial-infarction effects of soybean extract (SE) and isoflavone (IF). METHODS: Myocardial infarction was induced in adult Wistar rats. After 5 days, an echocardiogram was performed to determine heart rate (HR), ejection fraction (EF), systolic volume (LVESV) and diastolic volume (LVEDV). Animals with ventricular dysfunction (EF<45%) were selected for study. The animals were divided into three groups: control (n=14), SE (n=15) and IF (n=12). The IF group received 120 mg/kg/day isolated IF, and the SE group received 12.52 g/day. After 30 days, a new echocardiogram was performed. A histological exam was carried out to determine the collagen. Activity of biochemical markers [arginase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase] was measured. RESULTS: The animals of the control, IF and SE groups showed a reduction in EF after the infarction (P=.432, P=.017 and P=.320, respectively). An increase of LVESV and LVEDV was observed in all groups (P=.009, P=.001 and P=.140; and P=.003, P=.008 and P=.205, respectively). A reduction of HR was found in the SE group (P=.020). There was a greater activity of LDH in the SE group. A smaller quantity of mature collagen was found in the region proximal to the myocardial infarction in the SE group. CONCLUSION: A protective effect in the SE group was observed 30 days after the myocardial infarction.

Endometriose: impacto econômico e suas perspectivas / Endometriosis: economic impact and its outlook

A endometriose é uma doença crônica e benigna que afeta mulheres em idade reprodutiva e está associada à alta ocorrência de comorbidades, ocasionando aumento nos seus custos financeiros. Objetivou-se analisar os impactos econômicos devido as despesas correspondentes ao diagnóstico tardio, consultas, exames, procedimentos cirúrgicos e tratamento da endometriose, e como isso se reflete nos sistemas de saúde público, privado e sociedade. A metodologia consistiu de uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde em todos os índices e todas as fontes e Pubmed a partir do ano de 1991 até 2010. Dos 67 artigos selecionados, foram utilizados 19, com análise descritiva,quantitativa e qualitativa referente aos valores que mostravam os custos diretos e indiretos comparados aos fatores biológicos, psicológicos, sociais e econômicos consequentes da endometriose. O impacto econômico existe e é considerável, sendo necessária a realização de futuras pesquisas para reduzir os custos, muitas vezes desnecessários. Mesmo que a literatura mostre grande relevância no diagnóstico e nos diversos tratamentos, existem poucos estudos publicados, principalmente nos últimos anos, que tenham uma abordagem sistemática sobre o impacto econômico da endometriose

Endometriosis is a benign chronic disease that affects women of reproductive age and is associated with high incidence of comorbidities, which increase their financing costs. This study aimed to analyze the economic impact caused due to expenses related to late diagnosis, consultations, tests, surgeries and treatment of endometriosis, and how they are reflected to the public and private health systems and society. The methodology consisted of a Systematic Review databases in the Virtual Health Library in all indices and all sources and Pubmed, from 1991 to 2010. 19 out of the 67 articles were used, with descriptive, quantitative and qualitative analysis referring to the values that showed the direct and indirect costs compared to the biological, psychological, social and economic consequents of endometriosis. Even though the literature shows great relevance in the diagnosis and various treatments, there are few studies published, especially in recent years, that have a systematic approach on the economic impact of endometriosis. Future researches to reduce unnecessary costs are necessary due to the relevance of the economic impact

A periodized model for exercise improves the intra-hospital evolution of patients after myocardial revascularization: a pilot randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare models of the postoperative hospital treatment phase after myocardial revascularization. DESIGN: A pilot randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Hospital patients in a hospital setting. SUBJECTS: Thirty-two patients with indications for myocardial revascularization were included between January 2008 and December 2009, with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥50%, 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV(1)) ≥60 and forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥60% of predicted value. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly placed into two groups: one performed prescribed exercises according to the model proposed by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the other according to a periodized model. MAIN MEASURES: Partial pressure of O(2) (P o (2)) and arterial O(2) saturation (Sao (2)), percentage of predicted FVC and total distance on the six-minute walking test (6MWT). RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were re-evaluated upon release from the hospital (ACSM = 14 and PP = 13). Five patients extubated for more than 6 hours in the postoperative period were excluded from the sample. In the preoperative period the variables P o (2), Sao (2), % FVC and 6MWT were similar. In the postoperative period, a reduction was observed for all parameters in both groups. Upon comparison of the groups, a difference was observed in P o (2) (ACSM = 68.0 ± 4.3 vs. PP = 75.9 ± 4.8 mmHg; P < 0.001), Sao (2) (ACSM = 93.5 ± 1.4 vs. PP = 94.8 ± 1.2%; P = 0.018) and 6MWT (ACSM = 339.3 ± 41.7 vs. PP = 393.8 ± 25.7 m; P < 0.001). There was no difference in % FVC. CONCLUSION: Patients after myocardial revascularization following a periodized model of exercise presented a better intra-hospital evolution when compared to those using the ACSM model.

Effect of exercise associated with stem cell transplantation on ventricular function in rats after acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the functional and anatomical-pathological effect of transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells associated to aquatic physical activity after myocardial infarction in rats. METHODS: Twenty-one rats were induced by myocardial infarction, through left coronary artery ligation. After a week, the animals were subjected to echocardiography for evaluation of left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF, %) and dyastolic and end systolic volume of the left ventricle (EDV, ESV, ml), randomized and the transplantation of mononuclear stem cells. The animals were divided into four groups: sedentary group without cells (n=5), sedentary with cells (n=5), trained without cells (n=5) and trained with cells (n=6). The physical training was started 30 days after infarction and held in swimming during 30 days. At the beginning and at the end of the physical training protocol were held assay of lactate. The animals have been subjected to new echocardiography after 60 days of myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Two months after the transplant, were observed decrease in FE in the control group (35.2 to 23.54 P=0.022) and addition of LVEF and stabilization of ventricular remodeling in the group trained with cells (29.85 to 33.43% P=0.062 and 0.71 to 0.73 ml, P=0.776, respectively). Identified the reduction of collagen fibers, myocardial fibrosis regions in the group trained with and without cells. CONCLUSION: The group trained with cells improves ventricular function compared to the control group, suggesting the benefit of associated cell therapy will physical activity.