Magnitude of early relaparotomy and its outcome among patients who underwent laparotomy in a tertiary hospital in Eastern Ethiopia: a cross- sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies conducted worldwide revealed the magnitude of early relaparotomy and its outcome among patients undergoing laparotomy. However, there was very little evidence on the magnitude of early relaparotomy and its outcome among patients who underwent laparotomy in Ethiopia, especially in the study area. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to the assess magnitude of early relaparotomy and its outcome among patients who underwent laparotomy in a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted. All patients who underwent laparotomy during the data retrieval period were included. Data were collected using a data abstraction checklist from patients' medical records. The collected data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed by using SPSS version 23. Descriptives statistics were generated where by continuous variables were summarized into means and standard deviation and categorical variables were summarized as the frequency with proportions. RESULT: The magnitude of relaparotomy was 6.8%. Among 82 patients included in the final analysis, 53 (64.6%) were males and the mean (± SD) age of patients was 33.32 ± 16.63 years. The major indications for relaparotomy were intra-abdominal collection (26.8%) and anastomotic leak (24.4%). Among 82 patients who underwent relaparotomy, 52(63.4%) were developed post relaparotomy complications, and 30(36.6%) patients died. CONCLUSION: The magnitude of early relaparotomy was 6.8%. The magnitude of in-hospital mortality was high in comparison to earlier study findings from developing countries. About three fourth of patients who underwent relaparotomy were developed postoperative complications.

Determinants of Unsuccessful TB Treatment Outcomes Among Patients on Directly Observed Treatment Short Course in Jimma Town Health Facilities, Southwest Ethiopia: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Even though Ethiopia's Federal Ministry of Health has been implementing several programs aimed at reducing the burden of tuberculosis (TB), It does not demonstrate adequate progress. As a result, identifying the determinants of unsuccessful outcomes of directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) is critical. Purpose: This study aimed to assess the determinants of unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes among patients with DOTS in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia. Patients and Methods: An unmatched case-control study using secondary data was conducted among 118 cases and 472 controls from April 1 to June 1, 2021. Cases were TB cases with unsuccessful treatment courses whereas controls were those of successful treatment. Data were collected using a standardized tool. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23 software. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify the determinants. Results: We found that the determinants including age > 35 years (AOR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.14-3.2), lack of contact person (AOR= 27, 95% CI: 15.8-46.3), being HIV positive (AOR=7.3, 95% CI: 3.7-14.2)), and being malnourished (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.5-12.9) were significantly associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcome. Conclusion: In this study, advanced age, being HIV positive, lack of contact person, and being malnourished were determinant factors for unsuccessful TB treatment outcomes. Hence, careful monitoring, screening, and management of risk factors are recommended.

Sexual Coercion is Associated with HIV Risk Behavior Among Female Waiters in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia.

Background: Female waiters are at higher risk of workplace violence including sexual coercion. Even though there are numerous studies on the prevalence of sexual coercion among students, nurses, adolescents, and young pregnant women, studies on the prevalence of sexual coercion among female waiters are limited. Furthermore, there is no evidence existed that show a relationship between sexual coercion and HIV risk behavior in Ethiopia. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sexual coercion and HIV risk behavior among female waiters in Jimma, southwest Ethiopia. Patients and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from 1st April to 30, 2018, among 420 female waiters of reproductive age working in the licensed food and drinking establishments in Jimma town. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS version 21 statistical software. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the association between independent variables and outcome variables. Results: The lifetime prevalence of sexual coercion among female waiters was 71.4% (95% confidence interval: 67.1-76.8). More than two-thirds (71.6%) of female waiters engaged in HIV-related risk behaviors. Working in the bar (AOR 4.64, 95% CI: 2.15-10.0), being a substance user (AOR 3.37, 95% CI: 1.7-6.7), experiencing sexual coercion (AOR 7.6, 95% CI: 3.8-15.3) were significantly associated with HIV risk behaviors. Conclusion: A significant number of female waiters experienced sexual coercion and engaged in HIV-risk behaviors. Workplace, substance use, and sexual coercion were significantly associated with HIV risk behavior. As a result, establishments, town health offices, and other stakeholders should work together to safeguard female waiters from the burdens of sexual coercion, HIV risk behavior, and sexually transmitted infections.