[The forensic medical estimation of the biological age of the corpse based on the morphological changes in the skin]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaia otsenka biologicheskogo vozrasta trupa po morfologicheskim izmeneniiam kozhi.

The objective of the present work was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the age-related dynamics of apoptosis-associated proteins contained in the human skin epidermis. We studied the samples of skin tissues obtained during the forensic medical expertises of 100 corpses of the subjects who died in the consequence of acute blood loss in the absence of injuries or pathological changes in the skin (56 men and 44 women at the age varying from 5 to 85 years). The results of this study give evidence that the histoimmunological investigations of the skin tissues can be carried out with the use of the mmunohistochemical Ki67, bcl-2, and p53 markers for the more accurate determination of the biological age of the deceased subjects. The quantitative characteristics thus obtained serve as reliable indicators of the chronic changes in the skin and can be used as the components of the combined diagnostic procedures.

[The forensic medical characteristic of the non-identified corpses based on the materials of Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise of the Moscow Health Department]. / Sudebno-meditsinskaia kharakteristika neopoznannykh trupov po dannym Biuro sudebno-meditsinskoi ékspertizy Departamenta zdravookhraneniia Moskvy.

We undertook the analysis of the archive data of forensic medical expertises of the non-identified corpses accumulated at the tanatological divisions of the Moscow Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise for the period from 2012 till 2016. Special attention was given to sex and age composition of the deceased as well as the structure of mortality and the traces of ethyl alcohol, if any, present in the blood. It was shown that the majority of the unidentified bodies were those of the young men, with the main cause of the non-violent deaths being the cardiovascular pathology. Ethyl alcohol was found in the blood of 43% of the corpses. The analysis encompassed also the most frequently used methods for personality identification based on the data available from the medical-criminalistic department of the Bureau of Forensic Medical Expertise. The statistical treatment of the results of the study provided materials making it possible to envision the tendencies of the further development and improvement of the methods for personality identification for the purpose of forensic medical expertise and judicial practice.

[The dynamics of the dimensional characteristics of the sella turcica in the subjects above 20 years of age]. / Dinamika izmenenii razmernykh kharakteristik turetskogo sedla u lits v vozraste starshe 20 let.

The objective of the present study was to determine the biological age of the unidentified dead subjects based on the morphometric characteristics of the sella turcica in comparison with other methods available for the purpose in order to narrow the range of the alleged ages of the human remains being examined. The parameters of the sella turcica were measured in the corpses immediately after cephalotomy provided no pathological changes could be identified in the sellar region. A total of 86 skulls of the Caucasoid subjects representing the Eastern-Slavic group at the age varying from 22 to 87 years were available for the examination. The study has demonstrated the undulating dynamics of dimensional characteristics of the sellae turcica during the course of a lifetime. The regression analysis was employed to predict the age of the subjects above 22 years of age based on the measurements of the length and depth of the sella turcica and to classify the sample of interest within a given age period. It is concluded that the morphometric characteristics of the sells turcica can be used as the additional clues for the purpose of age determination in forensic medical investigations.

[Forensic medical determination of the age based on the analysis of CT-scanograms of the skull and the craniovertebral region in the sagittal projection]. / Sudebno-meditsinskoe ustanovlenie vozrasta po KT-skanogrammam cherepa i kraniovertebral'noi oblasti v sagittal'noi proektsii.

The objective of the present study was to determine the biological age of the unrecognized individuals based on the analysis of CT-scanograms of the skull and the craniovertebral region in the sagittal projection. We investigated the structure of the spongy substance of the clinoid plate of the sella turcica and the clivus of the cranium, involution of the vertebrae configuration in the medial atlantoaxial articulation, frontal and sphenoidal sinuses. A total of 80 skulls of Caucasoid individuals at the age ranging from 4 to 84 years belonging to an Eastern Slavonic population (free from the pathological lesions in the above cranial structures) were available for the examination. The results of the multifactorial analysis gave evidence of the possibility to estimate the age of individual subjects based on the comprehensive aggregate qualitative and quantitative characteristic in the framework of the linear regression model by making use of the age-related changes in the frontal and sphenoidal sinuses, the sella turcica and the clivus of the cranium, the first and the second cervical vertebrae with an accuracy to within 6 years. It is concluded that the application of the systems for the automated statistical analysis of the images for the purposes of forensic medical expertise would allow to obtain the results of great practical and scientific value.