RESUMO
Antibiotics are generally applied for treatment or as subtherapeutic agents to overcome diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria including Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Enterococcus species in poultry. However, due to their possible adverse effects on animal health and to maintain food safety, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have been proposed as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry production. In this study, the effects of prebiotics on the augmentation of broiler's indigenous gut microbiology were studied. Day old 180 broilers chicks were divided into four treatment groups: G, L, C1, and C2. The groups G and L were fed with basal diet containing 3% dextran and 3% levan, respectively. Control groups were fed with basal diets without antibiotic (C1) and with antibiotics (C2). The experimental groups showed decreased mortality as compared to control groups. After 35 days, the chickens were euthanized and intestinal fluid was analyzed for enteric pathogens on chromogenic agar plates and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Inhibition of the growth of E. coli and Enterococcus was observed in groups G and L, respectively, whereas Salmonella was only present in group C1. Also, high populations of lactic acid bacteria were detected in the intestine of prebiotic fed birds as compared to controls. These results depict that dextran and levan have the potential to replace the use of antibiotics in poultry feed for inhibiting the growth of common enteric pathogens. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study where effects of dextran and levan on intestinal microbiota of broilers have been reported.
