Any clinical benefit from the use of oncofoetal markers in the management of chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal carcinomas?

AIMS: Computed tomography (CT) is the reference technique for evaluating response to chemotherapy. The potential helpfulness of tumour markers is debated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From March 1997 to January 1999, 91 consecutive patients receiving chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal carcinoma underwent whole-body spiral CT, estimates of anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA19-9 every 8 weeks. RESULTS: CEA and CA19-9 levels were above normal in 78 (85.7%) and 61 (67.5%) patients, respectively. Tumour response evaluation according to the RECIST criteria was obtained at 8-week evaluation in 83 (91%) patients. The positive predictive values (PPV) for response of a decrease of the marker levels were 53.8 for CEA and 41.7 for CA19-9 using a 30% decrease threshold, and 60/52.2, respectively, using a 50% decrease threshold. Meaningful PPV values (> 90%) for progression of an increase of the marker levels were only obtained using the 200% increase threshold for CEA alone or a combination of CEA and CA 19-9. A 100% CEA increase between baseline and the 8-week evaluation was correlated to overall survival (P = 0.0023). The need for a radiological confirmation of tumour progression could be avoided by the systematic dosage of tumour markers at baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment only in a sub-population of 13% of the patients with a 200% increase of CEA or CA 19-9 at 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: CEA, CA 19-9, or both should be used with caution for tumour response evaluation to chemotherapy in addition to CT in metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

Indium-111 antimyosin scintigraphy before and after coronary bypass surgery: unexpected preoperative myocardial uptakes.

The present study was designed to evaluate 111In-antimyosin scintigraphy in detecting pre- and post-operative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Fab antimyosin scintigraphy has been shown to be sensitive and specific in detecting myocardial necrosis and to be potentially valuable in situations where other criteria are not reliable. In a previous study, postoperative antimyosin uptakes occurred in 82% of the studied patients. Sixteen consecutive patients with an indication of coronary artery surgery were assessed by preoperative coronary angiography, serial electrocardiograms, and myocardial scanning with 111Indium-labeled antimyosin antibodies performed before and after operation. In four patients, a recent myocardial infarction (1 to 3 months) was detected with an accurate localization when compared to the classic criteria of myocardial infarction. One more patient with a 21-year old myocardial infarction showed an intense uptake whereas there was no recent acute coronary event. Four other patients had an unexpected preoperative uptake, since there were no acute coronary events in their medical history. All preoperative scintigraphic uptakes were still present on the second scan performed postoperatively in these nine patients. Only one patient showed a new postoperative uptake when compared to the preoperative scan which was normal; this postoperative septal infarct was confirmed by a postoperative coronary angiography. Extracardiac uptakes (sternum and ribs) were frequently observed after operation and might hamper the interpretation of postoperative scintigrams. Unexpected preoperative uptakes may be related to non diagnosed small necrosis. A preoperative reference scan is required for an accurate interpretation of a postoperative 111In-antimyosin uptake. Moreover, extracardiac uptakes may limit the interpretation of perioperative cardiac damage.

[Indium III monoclonal antimyosin antibody scintigraphy for the detection of chronic myocardial infarction apart from the acute phase]. / Scintigraphie aux anticorps monoclonaux antimyosine marqués à l'indium 111 pour la détection de l'infarctus du myocarde en dehors de la phase aiguë.

Fab antimyosin scintigraphy has been shown to be sensitive and specific in detecting acute myocardial necrosis. This study was designed to evaluate the preoperative frequency of Indium-111 (In-111) antimyosin myocardial uptake in patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery. The scintigraphic results were compared with other criteria of myocardial infarction (MI). Sixteen consecutive patients were included. Recent MI (1 to 3 months) were detected in four patients, with an accurate localization in three cases when compared to the classic criteria for MI. Two more patients had old Q wave MI: one did not show any uptake in the territory of MI whereas the second patient with a 21 year old infarct without recent acute coronary events showed an intense uptake consistent with the ECG and angiographic localization. Four other patients with stable angina showed limited uptakes that were unexpected, since there were no acute coronary events in their medical history, and ECG. Their left ventricle angiography were considered as normal. In these four cases, the scintigraphic location corresponded to a territory supplied by an occluded coronary artery (n = 2) or by a coronary artery with a tight stenosis requiring a bypass graft (n = 2). These antimyosin uptakes are probably related to small necroses which did not modify the ECG and did not alter the ventricular segmental wall motion. We conclude: 1) recent MI are detected by In-111 antimyosin scintigraphy; 2) In-111 antimyosin uptake may occur in patients without a diagnosis of recent myocardial infarction and correspond to older MI or limited necroses without detectable changes of the ECG and left ventricle angiography.

[Coxiella burnetii endocarditis on a mechanical valvular prosthesis. Apropos of 2 cases]. / Endocardite à Coxiella burnetii sur prothèse valvulaire mécanique. A propos de deux cas.

The authors report two cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Coxiella burnetii. The histories were chronic and complex suggesting an auto-immune disease: prolonged recurrent fever despite antibiotic therapy with a biological inflammatory syndrome whilst blood cultures remained negative. The first patient presented with prosthetic valve dehiscence and acute glomerulonephritis. The second patient had coagulation defects with prosthetic valve thrombosis, mesenteric adenopathy and congestive cardiac failure without prosthetic valve dysfunction. In suspected endocarditis with negative blood cultures, serological tests should be extended to intracellular pathogens difficult to identify and justifying specific and prolonged bactericidal therapy (fluoroquinolones, cyclines, rifampincine). Long-term serological surveillance is essential even when the outcome could have led to the termination of antibiotic therapy. Usually, antibiotic therapy provides a bacteriological cure, but treatment has to be continued for at least 3 years, and, in some patients, all their lives. Valve replacement is reserved for haemodynamic complications of the pathology which determine the ultimate prognosis.

[Value of antimyosin monoclonal antibody scintigraphy in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction]. / Intérêt de la scintigraphie aux anticorps monoclonaux antimyosine dans le diagnostic d'infarctus du myocarde rudimentaire.

A 53 year old woman developed chest pain with transient anterior subepicardial ischaemic ECG changes and a mild increase in serum myocardial enzyme concentrations. She was admitted to hospital some time later but there were no electrocardiographic signs of infarction. Echocardiography was considered to be normal. Coronary angiography showed no significant stenosis and there were no segmental wall motion abnormalities on left ventriculography. The diagnosis of a non-Q wave infarct was confirmed by myocardial scintigraphy using antimyosin monoclonal antibodies labelled with Indium 111. The site and size of the necrosis were also determined by this non-invasive investigation.

[Dyspepsia and Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori. Results of a randomized therapeutic trial using amoxicillin versus placebos]. / Dyspepsie et Helicobacter (Campylobacter) pylori. Résultats d'un essai thérapeutique randomisé par amoxicilline contre placebo.

A population of non ulcer dyspepsia outpatients with a normal gastroscopy was assessed. Clinical complaints, the type of the gastritis, its activity and bacterial density were evaluated. Helicobacter pylori (HP) was sought by histology, urease test and culture, on 3 distinct locations. HP was found in 62 p. cent of the patients, always in association with gastritis. Urease test and histology had the same sensitivity in the detection of HP. A randomized double blind study with amoxicillin vs placebo was carried out in 23 patients. At the end of 4 week treatment, a gastroscopy with biopsies was performed. The amoxicillin treated patients were significantly cured or improved. HP was undetectable or the bacterial density was decreased in this group. After amoxicillin, urease test was more sensitive than histology. HP might be involved in the pathophysiology of non ulcer dyspepsia in patients where HP was found.

[Peroperative enteroscopy in recurrent hemorrhage of the small intestine]. / L'entéroscopie per-opératoire dans les hémorragies récidivantes de l'intestin grêle.

Two cases of severe, recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding due to a small vascular lesion of the small intestine are presented. In the two patients, the diagnosis was established by intra-operative enteroscopy; in the first patient during laparotomy carried out after negative preoperative investigations; in the second, 48 hours after a right ileo-colic resection was performed for Crohn's disease of the ileum thought to be the cause of the bleeding. These two cases confirm that intra-operative enteroscopy is a very effective method to detect bleeding from small intestinal lesions, and that it should be used when pre-operative investigations and intraoperative examination are unsuccessful.

[Uncommon aspect of electrocardiographic ischemia. Correlations with coronarography]. / Aspect insolite de l'ischémie électrocardiographique. Corrélations avec la coronarographie.

It has long been known that the morphology of ventricular repolarization is extremely sensitive to acute or chronic myocardial anoxia. In patients with coronary disease, we are used to observe a wide variety of ST segment, T wave and sometimes U wave abnormalities. The classical description of "lesions" or "ischaemia", as well as their anatomical locations called, perhaps rather arbitrarily, "subendocardial" or "subepicardial" account for ST segment displacements and T wave inversions the patterns of which are well known to all of us. It may happen, however, that repolarization takes a frankly unusual appearance very different from the conventional images. On several occasions we were surprised to find, in a situation of acute or subacute coronary obstruction, a highly atypical and characteristically very transient repolarization pattern with considerable lengthening of QT and broad and deep inversion of T wave which, to our knowledge, have never been described in the literature. A systematic search for such unusual ECG patterns, conducted over the last 4 years in the Cardiology department of the Bicêtre Hospital on patients with ischaemic heart disease, has yielded 16 cases which are reported in the present study.