RESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes vary greatly in different regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of HCV genotypes in HCV infected patients, in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Nucleic acid extraction and amplification were performed with test kits on 153 HCV infected patients serum samples. The HCV viral load was measured using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and HCV genotypes were determined. Among the 153 HCV-infected patients, 56 had genotype (GT)1b (36.60%), 45 had GT2a (29.40%), 23 had GT3a (15.00%), 14 had GT3b (9.20%),13 had GT6a (8.50%), 1 had GT1g (0.70%), 1 had GT6xa (0.70%). In GT1b, 21.40% were female and 78.60% were male; in GT2a, 42.20% were female and 57.80% were male;Males were most prevalent in genotypes 1b(39.30%), while female were most prevalent in genotype 2a(46.30%). Rare GT1g and GT6xa were also detected in males. The 41-50 year age group had the highest HCV prevalence of 32.00%. HCV GT1b is the predominant HCV genotype in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
Assuntos
Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hepacivirus/genética , Genótipo , China/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Hepatite C/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes vary greatly in different regions. The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of HCV genotypes in HCV infected patients, in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Nucleic acid extraction and amplification were performed with test kits on 153 HCV infected patients serum samples. The HCV viral load was measured using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and HCV genotypes were determined. Among the 153 HCV-infected patients, 56 had genotype (GT)1b (36.60%), 45 had GT2a (29.40%), 23 had GT3a (15.00%), 14 had GT3b (9.20%),13 had GT6a (8.50%), 1 had GT1g (0.70%), 1 had GT6xa (0.70%). In GT1b, 21.40% were female and 78.60% were male; in GT2a, 42.20% were female and 57.80% were male;Males were most prevalent in genotypes 1b(39.30%), while female were most prevalent in genotype 2a(46.30%). Rare GT1g and GT6xa were also detected in males. The 41-50 year age group had the highest HCV prevalence of 32.00%. HCV GT1b is the predominant HCV genotype in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
Os genótipos do vírus da hepatite C (HCV) variam muito de acordo com a região. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a distribuição do genótipo do vírus da hepatite C em pessoas infectadas pelo vírus na região autônoma de Ningxia Hui. A extração de ácido nucleico e a expansão de amostras séricas em 153 pacientes infectados com HCV foram realizadas utilizando kits de ensaio. A capacidade do vírus HCV foi medida pela reação em cadeia da polimerase retrotranscrição (RT-PCR) e o genótipo HCV foi determinado. Os genótipos (Gt) tiveram a seguinte distribuição entre os 153 casos de infecção HCV: 56 Gt 1-B (36, 60%), 45 Gt 2-A (29, 40%), 23 Gt 3-A (15, 00%), 14 Gt 3-B (9, 20%), 13 Gt 6-A (8, 50%), 1 Gt 1-G (0, 70%) e 1 Gt 6-Xa (0, 70%). Já o sexo dos indivíduos teve a seguinte distribuição: Gt 1-B, 21, 40% mulheres e 78, 60% homens; Gt 2-A, 42, 20% mulheres e 57, 80% homens. A presença de homens é mais comum no genótipo 1-B (39, 30%), enquanto as mulheres ocorrem mais comumente no genótipo 2-A (46, 30%). Gt 1-G e Gt 6-Xa raros também foram detectados em homens. A taxa de infecção com HCV para grupos etários de 41 a 50 anos é a mais alta, com 32,00%. HCV Gt 1-B é o genótipo dominante do HCV na região autônoma de Ningxia Hui.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Hepacivirus/genética , GenótipoRESUMO
Mounting evidence has implicated the SLC12A3 gene in essential hypertension. Here, we examined the potential associations of common variants of the SLC12A3 gene with blood pressure traits in Mongolians in China. Genomic DNA was extracted from 508 unrelated Mongolian patients with essential hypertension and 246 normotensive Mongolian subjects for genotyping. The genotype distributions of all selected polymorphisms were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The presence of the G allele in the rs7187932 polymorphism was found to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR: 1.30; 95%CI = 1.00-1.38; P = 0.048), whereas the rs2399594 G allele was associated with a reduced risk for hypertension (OR: 0.76; 95%CI = 0.60-0.97; P = 0.030). No significant difference was observed for other alleles. Haplotype analysis revealed an association of the rs2399594 and rs711746 GG haplotype with a reduced risk for hypertension (OR: 0.76; 95%CI = 0.60-0.97; P = 0.029). No significant association was observed between other haplotypes and hypertension. These results suggest that the SLC12A3 gene is a susceptibility gene for hypertension in the Mongolian population.
Assuntos
Povo Asiático/genética , Variação Genética , Hipertensão/genética , Membro 3 da Família 12 de Carreador de Soluto/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Alelos , Pressão Sanguínea/genética , China , Estudos Transversais , Hipertensão Essencial , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Haplótipos , Humanos , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Vigilância da População , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus (Perciformes: Haemulidae), is one of the most economically important fishery resources in Korea. This fish is regarded as a target for prospective aquaculture diversification; therefore, maintenance of stock quality is important. To investigate the effects of current artificial reproduction in a hatchery facility, genetic variation in wild-caught broodstock and hatchery-produced offspring of kelp grouper was analyzed using eight polymorphic nuclear microsatellite DNA loci; 77 alleles were identified. Allelic variability ranged from 2 to 22 in the broodstock and from 1 to 10 in the offspring. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.620 and 0.623 in the broodstock and 0.600 and 0.513 in the offspring, respectively. The possibility of a recent genetic bottleneck was suggested in both populations of E. bruneus. The minor, but significant, genetic differentiation (FST = 0.047, P < 0.05) observed was mainly due to statistically significant reductions in the number of alleles in the offspring compared with the broodstock, suggesting that these genetic changes could be related to genetic drift. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of microsatellite markers to monitor genetic variation and raise concerns about potential harmful genetic effects of inappropriate hatchery procedures. Therefore, genetic variation between broodstock and offspring in a hatchery should be monitored in both breeding and release programs as a routine hatchery operation, and inbreeding should ideally be controlled to improve kelp grouper hatchery management. Our data provide a useful genetic basis for future planning of sustainable culture and management of E. bruneus in fisheries.
Assuntos
Animais Selvagens/genética , Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Perciformes/genética , Alelos , Animais , Cruzamento , Feminino , Pesqueiros , Frequência do Gene , Deriva Genética , Loci Gênicos , Heterozigoto , Kelp , Masculino , República da CoreiaRESUMO
Short barbeled grunter, Hapalogenys nitens, is an economically important fishery resource. In Korea, this fish is in the early stage of domestication, and it has been regarded as the candidate marine fish species for prospective aquaculture diversification. This study presents a preliminary investigation of the future viability of sustainable fry production from short barbeled grunter. We used 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite DNA loci to analyze the possible genetic variability between the wild and hatchery-produced populations of short barbeled grunter from Korea and identified 91 alleles. Compared to the wild population, significant genetic changes including reduced genetic diversity (average allele number: 7.42 vs 3.75; average expected heterozygosity: 0.713 vs 0.598, Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P < 0.05) and differentiation [overall fixation index (FST) = 0.088, P < 0.01] occurred in the hatchery-produced population, as indicated by the observation of allele richness, unique allele, heterozygosity, FST, and results of molecular analysis of variance. These findings indicate that genetic drift may have promoted the differentiation between these 2 populations, which may have negative effects on sustainable fry production. Therefore, genetic variations of the wild and hatchery-produced populations should be monitored and subjected to control inbreeding through a commercial breeding program. The information presented by this paper would provide a useful genetic basis for future sustainable culturing planning and management of H. nitens.
Assuntos
Peixes/genética , Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Alelos , Animais , Aquicultura/métodos , Frequência do Gene , Deriva Genética , Genética Populacional/métodos , Genótipo , Biologia Marinha/métodos , Polimorfismo Genético , República da CoreiaRESUMO
Korean rose bitterling (Rhodeus uyekii) is a freshwater fish endemic to Korea. Natural populations of this species have experienced severe declines as a result of habitat fragmentation and water pollution. To conserve and restore R. uyekii, the genetic diversity of this species needs to be assessed at the population level. Eighteen novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for R. uyekii were developed using an enriched partial genomic library. Polymorphisms at these loci were studied in 150 individuals collected from three populations. The number of alleles at each locus ranged from 3 to 47 (mean = 17.1). Within the populations, the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.032 to 1.000, expected heterozygosity from 0.082 to 0.967, and polymorphism information content from 0.078 to 0.950. Six loci showed significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni's correction, and no significant linkage disequilibrium was detected between most locus pairs, except in three cases. These highly informative microsatellite markers should be useful for genetic population structure analyses of R. uyekii.
Assuntos
Peixes/genética , Biblioteca Genômica , Repetições de Microssatélites , Alelos , Animais , Genótipo , Polimorfismo GenéticoRESUMO
Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) is a valuable and intensively exploited shellfish species in Korea. Despite its importance, information on its genetic background is scarce. For the genetic characterization of R. philippinarum, expressed sequence tag-derived microsatellite markers were developed using next-generation sequencing. A total of 5879 tandem repeats containing di- to hexanucleotide repeat motifs were obtained from 236,746 reads (mean = 413 bp). Of the 62 loci screened, 24 (38.7%) were successfully amplified, and 10 were polymorphic in 144 individuals from 2 manila clam populations (Incheon and Geoje, Korea). The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 17 in the Incheon population and from 3 to 13 in the Geoje population (overall AR = 7.21). The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated to be 0.402 and 0.555, respectively. Hence, there is less genetic variability in the Geoje population than in the Incheon population, although no significant reductions of genetic diversity were found between the populations (P > 0.05). However, significant genetic differentiation was detected between the populations (FST = 0.064, P < 0.001). Significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and high inbreeding coefficients (mean FIS = 0.22-0.26) were detected in both populations. The 10 novel polymorphic microsatellite loci used in this study will be useful for future genetic mapping studies and for characterizing population structures, monitoring genetic diversity for successful aquaculture management, and developing conservation strategies for manila clam populations in Korea.
Assuntos
Bivalves/genética , Genética Populacional , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Animais , Biologia Computacional , Etiquetas de Sequências Expressas , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus, is an important commercial and recreational fishery resource in Korea. Aquacultural production of this species has increased because of recent resource declines, growing consumption, and ongoing government-operated stock release programs. Therefore, the genetic characterization of hatchery populations is necessary to maintain the genetic diversity of this species and to develop more effective aquaculture practices. In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of three cultured populations in Korea were assessed using multiplex assays with 12 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci; 144 alleles were identified. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 28, with an average of 13.1. The mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.724 and 0.753, respectively. Low levels of inbreeding were detected according to the inbreeding coefficient (mean FIS = 0.003-0.073). All hatchery populations were significantly differentiated from each other (overall fixation index (FST) = 0.027, P < 0.01), and no population formed a separate cluster. Pairwise multilocus FST tests, estimates of genetic distance, mantel test, and principal component analyses did not show a consistent relationship between geographic and genetic distances. These results could reflect the exchange of breeds and eggs between hatcheries and/or genetic drift due to intensive breeding practices. For optimal resource management, the genetic variation of hatchery stocks should be monitored and inbreeding controlled within the spotted sea bass stocks that are being released every year. This genetic information will be useful for the management of both L. maculatus fisheries and the aquaculture industry.
Assuntos
Bass/genética , Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex/métodos , Alelos , Animais , Aquicultura , Bass/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Feminino , Pesqueiros/métodos , Frequência do Gene , Genética Populacional , Genótipo , Geografia , Endogamia , Masculino , Polimorfismo Genético , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Korean (hard-shelled) mussels (Mytilus coruscus) are an economically important endemic marine bivalve mollusk of Korea; yet, the population has rapidly declined because of overharvesting and habitat competition from the invasive Mytilus galloprovincialis species. The population structures of M. coruscus and M. galloprovincialis were analyzed by next-generation sequencing using 5 microsatellite markers specifically developed for M. coruscus. M. galloprovincialis had an average of 5.4 alleles per locus (range = 2-10), with an average allelic richness of 4.9 per locus (range = 2.0-9.3). M. coruscus had an average of 5.7 alleles per locus (range = 2-13), with an average allelic richness of 5.2 per locus (range = 2.0-11.9). Excessive homozygosity was observed at 3 loci, which was assumed to be due to the presence of null alleles at these loci. Pairwise multilocus FST estimates showed that the M. coruscus and M. galloprovincialis populations were clearly separated. Six populations of M. galloprovincialis from the western, eastern, and southern coast of Korea formed 2 separate clusters, indicating that more than 2 populations of M. galloprovincialis have been introduced to the Korean Peninsula. Hybrids between M. coruscus and M. galloprovincialis were not identified, probably because of genetic differences or different habitat preferences. Further genetic information is required to perform selective breeding, population management, and restoration of M. coruscus.
Assuntos
Especiação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Mytilus/genética , Animais , Ecossistema , Frequência do Gene , HomozigotoRESUMO
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with universal rice primers (URP) was used to identify species and to determine phylogenetic relationships for the 6 economically important Korean Pacific abalone species: Haliotis discus hannai, H. discus discus, H. madaka, H. gigantea, H. diversicolor supertexta, and H. diversicolor diversicolor, whose morphological differentiation is difficult. Of the 12 URPs used in this study, 7 were effective in producing reproducible RAPD markers for these 6 species. Amplifications with the 7 URP primers yielded 129 reproducible amplified fragments ranging between 100 and 6000 bp in length. The dendrogram generated by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages showed that the 6 species were divided into 4 groups at 0.44 similarity level, indicating that they were genetically distant from each other and had little internal phylogenetic resolution. One group included H. discus hannai, H. discus discus, H. madaka, and H. gigantea, which were divided into 2 groups at 0.52 similarity level: one group of H. discus hannai, H. discus discus, and H. madaka, and the other of H. gigantea. H. diversicolor supertexta and H. diversicolor diversicolor belonged to the other group. Furthermore, the reproducible pattern of amplified DNA bands by URP primers indicated the possibility of using these as molecular markers for the discrimination of the 6 Pacific abalone species. These results suggest that the URP-PCR approach will be a useful tool for obtaining accurate taxonomic identification and genetic relationship of Korean Pacific abalones, which is one of the first prerequisites in effective conservation programs.
Assuntos
Gastrópodes/genética , Oryza/genética , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA/genética , Marcadores Genéticos , Variação Genética , Tipagem Molecular , Filogenia , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA Polimórfico , Homologia de Sequência do Ácido Nucleico , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Korean starry flounder, Platichthys stellatus (Pleuronectidae), is one of the most economically important fishery resources in Korea. We investigated the effect of current artificial reproduction in a hatchery facility, genetic divergence between the broodstock and their offspring populations of starry flounder in a hatchery strain to be stocked into natural sea areas was accessed using 9 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite DNA loci. High levels of polymorphism were observed between the 2 populations. A total of 96 alleles were detected at the loci, with some alleles being unique in the broodstock. Allelic variability ranged from 8 to 17 in the broodstock and from 7 to 12 in the offspring population. Average observed and expected heterozygosities were estimated at 0.565 and 0.741 in the broodstock samples and 0.629 and 0.698 in the offspring population, respectively. Although no statistically significant reductions were found in heterozygosity or allelic diversity in the offspring population, a considerable loss of rare alleles was observed in the offspring population compared with that in the broodstock. Significant genetic difference was detected between the broodstock and offspring populations (FST = 0.021, P < 0.05). These results suggest that more intensive breeding practices for stock enhancement might have resulted in a further decrease of genetic diversity. Thus, genetic variations of broodstock and progeny should ideally be monitored in both breeding and release programs as a routine hatchery operation in order to improve the starry flounder hatchery management. This information might be useful for fishery management and aquaculture industry of P. stellatus.
Assuntos
Linguado/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Animais , Cruzamento , Pesqueiros , Frequência do Gene , Loci Gênicos , Genética Populacional , República da CoreiaRESUMO
The tongue sole, Cynoglossus semilaevis (Cynoglossidae), is one of the most economically important fishery resources in Korea. This study presents a preliminary investigation of the future viability of the complete aquaculture of tongue sole in Korea. Specifically, possible differences in genetic variability between wild populations of tongue sole from Korea and hatchery-produced populations of tongue sole from China were assessed using multiplex assays with 12 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite DNA loci. High levels of polymorphism were observed between the 2 populations. A total of 135 different alleles were found, varying from 5-15 alleles per locus, with some alleles being unique. These findings indicate a high level of genetic variability in both the wild and hatchery-produced populations. Although a considerable loss of rare alleles was observed in hatchery samples, there were no statistically significant reductions of heterozygosity or allelic diversity in the hatchery population compared to the wild population. Moreover, the inbreeding coefficient was very low (FIS = -0.010-0.052) for both populations. However, significant genetic heterogeneity was found between the 2 populations. These findings indicate that genetic drift has likely promoted differentiation between these 2 populations, and might have negative effects on the reproductive capacity of the stock, because genetic factors are important in the production of high quality seed for complete aquaculture. Therefore, aquaculture management should incorporate basic genetic principles into existing molecular monitoring protocols. The information compiled by this study is anticipated to provide a useful genetic basis for future complete culturing plans and management of C. semilaevis in fisheries.
Assuntos
Linguados/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Polimorfismo Genético , Alelos , Animais , Pesqueiros , Frequência do Gene , Loci Gênicos , Genética Populacional , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , República da CoreiaRESUMO
The threadsail filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer (Monacanthidae), is found mainly in the western Pacific. It is intensively caught in Korea and is a highly appreciated seafood delicacy. Consequently, the natural population of this species has drastically decreased, despite introductions from hatcheries. To provide information necessary for its conservation and management, we developed 24 polymorphic microsatellite markers using a combination of a total enriched genomic library and a small-scale 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 90,847 raw reads were obtained, and 75,128 unique sequences were generated, with an average length of 477 bp; 5350 (7.12%) sequences contained a minimum of 5 di- to tetranucleotide repeat motifs. Seventy-four sequences were used for microsatellite primer design. They all amplified successfully; 24 were polymorphic, with 8 containing trinucleotide repeats and 3 containing tetranucleotide repeats. The genetic variations based on 15 primer sets were investigated using 45 wild individuals from the coastal waters of Geomun Island. The number of alleles per locus varied from 4 to 15, with an average of 7.47. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.333 to 0.956 and from 0.316 to 0.870, with averages of 0.692 and 0.701, respectively. No linkage disequilibrium was found between any pair of loci, indicating their independence. One locus significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni's correction; this may be due to the existence of a null allele. Cross-amplification was also tested for all 24 polymorphic loci in another monacanthid species, Thamnaconus modestus; 7 loci were effectively amplified. The high degree of polymorphism that was exhibited by the 15 newly developed microsatellites will be useful for assessing genetic variation and for conservation genetic studies of these 2 monacanthid species.
Assuntos
Peixes/genética , Loci Gênicos/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Água do Mar , Animais , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Nucleotídeos/genética , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
The black rockfish, Sebastes inermis (Sebastidae), is an important commercial fishery resource in Korea. As a preliminary investigation into the effect of artificial reproduction in a hatchery facility, the genetic divergence between parent and offspring populations of black rockfish was accessed using 10 polymorphic nuclear microsatellite DNA loci and a mitochondrial (mt) control gene. All loci that were screened showed marked polymorphisms. mtDNA control region sequences were also highly variable. Of approximately 350 base pairs (bp) sequenced, 52 variable sites, comprising 56 base substitutions, were found among 233 individuals. Offspring populations showed less genetic variability than the parent population in terms of numbers of microsatellite alleles and mtDNA haplotypes, as well as mtDNA haplotype diversity. Statistical analysis of the fixation index (ΦST and F(ST)) and analysis of molecular variance using both DNA markers showed significant genetic differences between the parent and offspring populations. These results suggest that random genetic drift and/or inbreeding events, as well as artificial selection and founder effects, occurred when the offspring strain was reproduced in a hatchery facility despite thousands of males and females from different hatcheries being maintained for artificial reproduction. Therefore, it is necessary to improve current hatchery programs by monitoring genetic variation in both the broodstock and progeny and controlling inbreeding within stocks in commercial breeding facilities to maintain the production of high-quality black rockfish. This information will be useful for determining suitable guidelines for establishing and maintaining cultured stocks and the aquaculture industry of S. inermis.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Mitocôndrias/genética , Perciformes/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Feminino , Pesqueiros , Marcadores Genéticos , Genética Populacional , Haplótipos , Polimorfismo Genético , República da Coreia , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Glucocorticoids have been used in nephrotic syndrome (NS) treatment for many years. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of steroids on bone mineralization in children with glucocorticoid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (GSNS). Twenty children who were first diagnosed as GSNS received glucocorticoid therapy for four months. Before treatment, at the 4th and 12th week of initial therapy, bone mineral density (BMD) and levels of the markers for bone turnover were evaluated. At the 4th and 12th week of treatment, mean serum calcium (Ca) and osteocalcin levels were found to be significantly lower than those at the beginning ofthe therapy. Mean serum total alkaline phosphatase (t-ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP) and urine calcium creatinine ratio (Ca/Cr), urinary deoxypyridinoline levels were significantly increased in comparison to the beginning of therapy. There was no significant relationship between serum levels of phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) at the beginning of treatment and at the 4th and 12th week of treatment. Mean value of BMD was significantly lower at the 4th and 12th week of treatment than that at the beginning of the therapy. In conclusion, bone mineralization was negatively affected by steroid treatment in children with NS. These children should undergo regular BMD evaluation, and an appropriate therapeutic approach should be planned.
Por muchos años se han venido usando glucocorticoides en el tratamiento del síndrome nefrótico (SN). Este estudio se encamina a evaluar el efecto de los esteroides sobre la mineralización ósea en niños con síndrome nefrótico sensible a los glucocorticoides (SNSG). Veinte niños que fueron diagnosticados primeramente con SNSG, recibieron terapia con glucocorticoides durante cuatro meses. Antes del tratamiento, en las semanas 4 y 12 de la terapia inicial, se evaluaron la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y los niveles de los marcadores del recambio óseo. En el tratamiento de las semanas 4 y 12, se halló que el calcio (Ca) sérico promedio y los niveles de osteocalcina eran significativamente más bajos que los existentes a comienzos de la terapia. Los niveles de fosfatasa alcalina sérica total promedio, fosfatasa alcalina (t-ALP), fosfatasa alcalina especifica ósea media (b-ALP), la relación calcio/creatinina en la orina (Ca/Cr), y los niveles de deoxipiridinolina urinaria, aumentaron significativamente en comparación con los existentes al comienzo de la terapia. No hubo relación significativa alguna entre los niveles séricos de fosfato y hormona paratiroidea (PTH) ni al principio del tratamiento ni en las semanas 4 y 12 de tratamiento. El valor promedio de la DMO fue significativamente más bajo en las semanas 4 y 12 de tratamiento que al principio de la terapia. En conclusión, la mineralización del hueso fue afectada negativamente por el tratamiento con esteroides en los niños con SN. Estos niños deben tener una evaluación regular de DMO, para lo cual es necesario planear un enfoque terapéutico apropiado.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Glucocorticoides/farmacologia , Síndrome Nefrótica/tratamento farmacológico , Prednisolona/farmacologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Aminoácidos/urina , Biomarcadores/sangue , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Cálcio/sangue , Cálcio/urina , Creatinina/urina , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Osteocalcina/sangue , Prednisolona/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
An interspecific artificial hybrid was produced between two economically important aquaculture flatfish: olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and starry flounder (P. stellatus). This hybrid displays the rapid growth characteristic of the former and tolerance to low temperatures and low salinity of the latter, but the genetics of inheritance in this hybrid have not been elucidated. Polymorphic microsatellite markers developed for P. olivaceus and P. stellatus were tested to determine if these markers can be used for analysis of parentage and genetic inheritance. Multiplex PCR using two primer sets that were specific to each species produced PCR products of different sizes; these could be used for the identification of interspecific hybrids. Among the 192 primers derived from olive flounder, 25.5% of the primer sets successfully amplified genomic DNA from starry flounder, and 23% of the 56 primer sets originating from starry flounder amplified DNA from olive flounder. Analysis of genetic inheritance in the hybrid using seven of the 62 microsatellite markers common to both species demonstrated classic Mendelian inheritance of these markers in the hybrid progeny, with the exception of one locus identified as a null allele in the hybrid. These results demonstrate that cross-specific microsatellite markers can be used tools for parentage analysis of hybrid flatfish, for mapping quantitative trait loci, for marker-assisted selective breeding, and for studies of the evolution of fish.
Assuntos
Adaptação Fisiológica/genética , Cruzamento , Quimera/genética , DNA/genética , Linguado/genética , Repetições de Microssatélites , Animais , Quimera/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Primers do DNA/química , Primers do DNA/genética , Linguado/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Salinidade , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The population structure of the black rockfish, Sebastes inermis (Sebastidae), was estimated using 10 microsatellite loci developed for S. schlegeli on samples of 174 individuals collected from three wild and three hatchery populations in Korea. Reduced genetic variation was detected in hatchery strains [overall number of alleles (N(A)) = 8.07; allelic richness (A(R)) = 7.37; observed heterozygosity (H(O)) = 0.641] compared with the wild samples (overall N(A) = 8.43; A(R) = 7.83; H(O) = 0.670), but the difference was not significant. Genetic differentiation among the populations was significant (overall F(ST) = 0.0237, P < 0.05). Pairwise F(ST) tests, neighbor-joining tree, and principal component analyses showed significant genetic heterogeneity among the hatchery strains and between wild and hatchery strains, but not among the wild populations, indicating high levels of gene flow along the southern coast of Korea, even though the black rockfish is a benthic, non-migratory marine species. Genetic differentiation among the hatchery strains could reflect genetic drift due to intensive breeding practices. Thus, in the interests of optimal resource management, genetic variation should be monitored and inbreeding controlled within stocks in commercial breeding programs. Information on genetic population structure based on cross-species microsatellite markers can aid in the proper management of S. inermis populations.
Assuntos
Peixes/genética , Variação Genética , Genética Populacional , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Animais , Endogamia , República da Coreia , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Ion channels are deeply involved in sperm physiology. In sea urchin sperm cyclic nucleotide levels increase during quimotaxis and in the acrosome reaction (AR). Although cyclic nucleotides are second messengers known to directly or indirectly modulate ion channels, it is not clear how they modulate sperm responses to the egg outer layer. Here, we describe a cAMP regulated K+-selective channel from sea urchin sperm plasma membranes fused into planar bilayers that may have a role during sea urchin sperm quimotaxis and/or the AR. Its single channel conductance in 100 mM KCl is 103 pS. In bi-ionic experiments, the channel displayed a K+/Na+ permeability ratio (PK+/PNa+) of approximately 5. Thus, in sea water its reversal potential would be approximately -13 mV and channel opening would depolarize spermatozoa. The channel has low open probability (Po = 0.8 +/- 0.2% at 0 mV applied voltage) and weak voltage dependence. Channel activity is reversibly up-regulated by cAMP in the cis bilayer side, but not by cGMP. This modulation followed a single Langmuir isotherm with an apparent kd of 200 microM. At this concentration the channel open probability at 0 mV increased up to 11- fold. TEA+ blocked the channel only from the trans side. Also Ba2+ in trans blocked the channel in a voltage-dependent manner.