A representation of students with intellectual disabilities in South Korean online newspaper articles using keyword network analysis.

The purpose of this study was to analyse online newspaper articles on students with intellectual disabilities (IDs) in order to identify related social phenomena to derive implications for inclusive education. Such study has traditionally practised through content analysis and/or discourse analysis manually, which is prone to subjective interpretation. Thus, this study implemented automated analysis to objectively select and interpret a big data. A total of 8,890 online newspaper articles that were published from 1990 to April 2019 were collected through automated parsing. The entire period and decade-phase based keyword and keyword network analysis were practised in order to determine how the social perceptions and related issues had changed over time. The results indicated that there was a rapid growth in scope of articles on students with IDs over the past 30 years. The attention of media gradually expanded from special education to improving quality of lives of students with IDs and their families. Moreover, online newspaper articles seemed to focus on social controversies and incidents such as sexual assaults that are related to students with IDs. Based on the results, ways to support inclusive education as well as social inclusion of students with IDs were discussed.

Single allele loss-of-function mutations select and sculpt conditional cooperative networks in breast cancer.

The most common events in breast cancer (BC) involve chromosome arm losses and gains. Here we describe identification of 1089 gene-centric common insertion sites (gCIS) from transposon-based screens in 8 mouse models of BC. Some gCIS are driver-specific, others driver non-specific, and still others associated with tumor histology. Processes affected by driver-specific and histology-specific mutations include well-known cancer pathways. Driver non-specific gCIS target the Mediator complex, Ca++ signaling, Cyclin D turnover, RNA-metabolism among other processes. Most gCIS show single allele disruption and many map to genomic regions showing high-frequency hemizygous loss in human BC. Two gCIS, Nf1 and Trps1, show synthetic haploinsufficient tumor suppressor activity. Many gCIS act on the same pathway responsible for tumor initiation, thereby selecting and sculpting just enough and just right signaling. These data highlight ~1000 genes with predicted conditional haploinsufficient tumor suppressor function and the potential to promote chromosome arm loss in BC.

CyTOF: An Emerging Technology for Single-Cell Proteomics in the Mouse.

The ability to analyze the proteome of single cells is critical for the advancement of studies of steady-state and pathological processes. Mass cytometry, or CyTOF, combines principles of mass spectrometry and flow cytometry to enable single-cell analysis of protein expression. CyTOF can simultaneously assess DNA content and proteins and has the capacity to measure 40 to 100 parameters in each cell. Applying this technology to tissues or cells on slides, termed imaging mass cytometry (IMC), allows for visualization of normal and diseased tissues in situ. The high-dimensional proteomic analysis that can be undertaken with CyTOF and IMC has the potential to enhance our understanding of complex and heterogeneous developmental and disease pathways. This article will describe the CyTOF experimental workflow, including reagent selection, sample preparation, and data analysis. CyTOF is compared to flow cytometry, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of these powerful techniques. Importantly, we review key studies in mouse models of human disease that highlight the strength of CyTOF and IMC to drive discovery research and therapeutic advancement. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

A meta-analysis of single-subject reading intervention studies for struggling readers: using Improvement Rate Difference (IRD).

The purpose of this study is to examine and identify effective variables related to single-subject reading interventions for the struggling readers. This study conducted meta-analysis of 84 single-subject research articles of which 54 were published in Korean and 30 were published in English. Utilizing the Improvement Rate Difference (IRD), a total of 586 effect sizes were produced with the mean effect size of 0.77. Intervention variables were categorized into two types - participant-related and intervention-related variables. Collected studies were analyzed for each effect size calculation. Variables having large effects within grade levels, disability types, implementer and session duration are discerned along with further discussion and educational implications.

Cdh1 and Pik3ca Mutations Cooperate to Induce Immune-Related Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast.

CDH1 and PIK3CA are the two most frequently mutated genes in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast. Transcription profiling has identified molecular subtypes for ILC, one of which, immune-related (IR), is associated with gene expression linked to lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. Here, we report that deletion of Cdh1, together with activation of Pik3ca in mammary epithelium of genetically modified mice, leads to formation of IR-ILC-like tumors with immune cell infiltration, as well as gene expression linked to T-regulatory (Treg) cell signaling and activation of targetable immune checkpoint pathways. Interestingly, these tumors show enhanced Rac1- and Yap-dependent transcription and signaling, as well as sensitivity to PI3K, Rac1, and Yap inhibitors in culture. Finally, high-dimensional immunophenotyping in control mouse mammary gland and IR-ILC tumors by mass cytometry shows dramatic alterations in myeloid and lymphoid populations associated with immune suppression and exhaustion, highlighting the potential for therapeutic intervention via immune checkpoint regulators.