Effects of feeding diets with zinc-l-selenomethionine on growth performance of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress.

Limited information exists on the use of zinc-l-selenomethionine (Zn-L-SeMet) in broiler diets and its effects on the growth performance, body temperature, mortality rates, blood profile, and gene expression, especially when animals are reared under cyclic heat stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Zn-L-SeMet in broiler diets from 1 to 42 days of age reared under cyclic heat stress and its effects on growth performance, cloacal temperatures, mortality rate, blood parameters, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression in the breast muscle. A total of 1000 male Cobb 500® broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments: 0, 0.15, 0.23, 0.47, and 1.30 mg/kg of Zn-L-SeMet. Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates with 20 birds each. No statistically significant differences in growth performance were observed from 1 to 21 days of age (P > 0.05). However, from 1 to 42 days, feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Cloacal temperatures showed no significant effects (P > 0.05), while overall mortality rate exhibited a quadratic response (P < 0.05), with the optimal inclusion level predicted to reduce broiler mortality at 0.71 mg/kg. Triglyceride (TRG) levels increased with 0.97 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) levels decreased with the inclusion of 1.19 mg/kg (P < 0.05). No significant effects on IGF-1 and GHR gene expression were found (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of 1.30 mg/kg of Zn-L-SeMet in diets of heat-stressed broilers improved growth performance from 1 to 42 days of age. An inclusion of 0.71 mg/kg reduced mortality rate, while 0.97 mg and 1.19 mg increased and reduced TRG and GGT levels, respectively.

O lazer para cegos ou surdos: acessibilidade nos espaços culturais / Leisure for the blind and deaf: accessibility in cultural space

O tema desta pesquisa foi escolhido a partir da identificação de lacunas de estudos que tratassem de forma conjunta temas como deficiência, acessibilidade, lazer e turismo. O objetivo geral foi compreender as dificuldades enfrentadas para o acesso à cultura e para a fruição do lazer e do turismo pelos cegos ou surdos. Discute-se sobre acessibilidade universal, inclusão social, cidadania e turismo, direito à cidade, autonomia das pessoas com deficiência, turismo de pessoas com deficiência, deficiência e inclusão social, lazer e espaços culturais. Para a coleta dos dados, utilizou-se abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, cujos dados foram analisados a partir da técnica de análise de conteúdo, sendo as principais categorias: acessibilidade, qualificação, vivência, público e adequações. Como resultado observou-se a existência de obstáculos para a fruição do lazer e do turismo, e que os equipamentos culturais são parcialmente acessíveis. Constatou-se o sentimento de falta de autonomia para os cegos ou surdos. A baixa acessibilidade atitudinal foi apontada como mais relevante na percepção dos entrevistados.

The theme of this research was chosen from the identification of gaps in studies that dealt jointly with issues such as disability, accessibility, leisure and tourism. The overall objective was to understand the difficulties faced for access to culture and for the enjoyment of leisure and tourism by the blind and deaf. The theoretical foundation was built mainly from the studies on universal accessibility, citizenship and tourism, right to the city, autonomy of people with disability, tourism of people with disability and social inclusion and leisure and museums. For data collection, a qualitative approach was used, through semi-structured interviews. Those data were analysed using the content analysis methodology, being the main categories: accessibility, qualification, experience, public and adjustments. As a result, it was observed the existence of obstacles to the practice of leisure and tourism and that the cultural facilities are partially accessible. It was found the feeling of lack of autonomy for the blind or deaf. The low attitudinal accessibility was pointed out as more relevant in the interviewees' perception.

Prevalence of bacterial pathogens and potential role in COVID-19 severity in patients admitted to intensive care units in Brazil

Secondary bacterial and fungal infections are associated with respiratory viral infections and invasive mechanical ventilation. In Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), lung injury by SARS-CoV-2 and impaired immune response can provide a favorable environment for microorganism growth and colonization in hospitalized individuals. Recent studies suggest that secondary bacterial pneumonia is a risk factor associated with COVID-19. In Brazil, knowledge about microbiota present in COVID-19 patients is incipient. This work describes the microbiota of 21 COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units from two Brazilian centers. We identified respiratory, nosocomial and bacterial pathogens as prevalent microorganisms. Other bacterial opportunistic and commensal species are also represented. Virulence factors of these pathogenic species, metabolic pathways used to evade and modulate immunological processes and the interconnection between bacterial presence and virulence in COVID-19 progression are discussed. Article Summary LineWe identified respiratory, nosocomial and bacterial pathogens as prevalent microorganisms in 21 Brazilian COVID-19 patients admitted to Intensive Care Units. Pathogen virulence factors and immune response evasion metabolic pathways are correlated to COVID-19 severity.

Evolution and epidemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil

Brazil currently has one of the fastest growing SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in the world. Due to limited available data, assessments of the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on virus transmission and epidemic spread remain challenging. We investigate the impact of NPIs in Brazil using epidemiological, mobility and genomic data. Mobility-driven transmission models for Sao Paulo and Rio de Janeiro cities show that the reproduction number (Rt) reached below 1 following NPIs but slowly increased to values between 1 to 1.3 (1.0-1.6). Genome sequencing of 427 new genomes and analysis of a geographically representative genomic dataset from 21 of the 27 Brazilian states identified >100 international introductions of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. We estimate that three clades introduced from Europe emerged between 22 and 27 February 2020, and were already well-established before the implementation of NPIs and travel bans. During this first phase of the epidemic establishment of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil, we find that the virus spread mostly locally and within-state borders. Despite sharp decreases in national air travel during this period, we detected a 25% increase in the average distance travelled by air passengers during this time period. This coincided with the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from large urban centers to the rest of the country. In conclusion, our results shed light on the role of large and highly connected populated centres in the rapid ignition and establishment of SARS-CoV-2, and provide evidence that current interventions remain insufficient to keep virus transmission under control in Brazil. One Sentence SummaryJoint analysis of genomic, mobility and epidemiological novel data provide unique insight into the spread and transmission of the rapidly evolving epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil.

Lazer e turismo: acepções e interações no contexto do projeto rota das grutas de Peter Lund/MG / Leisure and tourism: acceptions and interactions in the context of the project rota de grutas de Peter Lund/MG

Este artigo nasce da inquietação relativa à necessidade de aprofundar a compreensão sobre os contornos e fronteiras estabelecidos entre os temas lazer e turismo. O objetivo foi analisar as acepções entre os conceitos nos contornos do projeto de governo denominado Rota das Grutas de Peter Lund. Foram realizadas 27 entrevistas com representantes das instâncias de governança estadual, regional e municipal, empresários e lideranças comunitárias. Os dados foram analisados com o aporte do Software Nvivo. Fez-se uso dos recursos, frequência de palavras e análise de cluster, técnica exploratória para análise multivariada que possibilita agrupar sujeitos ou variáveis. Os resultados apontam que o turismo e o lazer estão fortemente associados à cultura e sociabilidade. O deslocamento para fora de seu local de residência é apontado como traço marcante para a distinção entre os conceitos.

This article concern to understanding the boundaries established between leisure and tourism themes. The objective was to analyze the meanings between the concepts in the contours of the government project denominated Rota das Grutas de Peter Lund (Route of Caves of Peter Lund). Twenty-seven interviews were conducted with representatives of state, regional and municipal governance bodies, entrepreneurs and community leaders. The data were analyzed with the support of Nvivo Software. The resources, frequency of words and cluster analysis, exploratory technique for multivariate analysis that makes it possible to group subjects or variables. The results indicate that tourism and leisure are strongly associated with culture and sociability. The displacement outside his place of residence is pointed as a striking feature for the distinction between the concepts.

Detection of intestinal parasites in public transport buses in Belém, Pará State, Northern Brazil

The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of intestinal parasites in public transport buses in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil, as well as to compare the frequency of these enteroparasites according to the bus lines, collection sites within the vehicles, and presence of pathogenic and nonpathogenic parasites in the samples. This is a cross-sectional analytical study carried out between February and April 2019, in which 320 samples were analyzed, from 5 bus lines, 8 buses each, collected from 8 different surfaces inside the vehicles, according to Graham's method. Subsequently, the statistical test was performed to evaluate the differences between the variables, considering p ? 0.05. The results indicated that 7.8% of the samples were parasitized and the right handrail presented the highest prevalence of parasites, namely 2.2%. The pathogenic parasites corresponded to 26.7% and the non-pathogenic 73.3%. The non-pathogenic parasite most commonly found was Entamoeba coli totaling 50%, whereas the only pathogenic parasite was Giardia intestinalis in 26.7%. Thus, the presence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic parasites reflects the precarious hygiene of users of this type of transport, presenting a public health issue which needs to be addressed.

Avaliação de crianças atendidas em follow-up: perfil epidemiológico e motor / Evaluation of children at follow-up: epidemiological and motor profile

Introdução: Crianças prematuras tendem a apresentar atrasos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor devido à imaturidade e à propensão de lesões no sistema nervoso central. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico e motor de crianças atendidas no follow-up da Maternidade Balbina Mestrinho (MBM) em Manaus/AM, verificando a associação entre diferentes fatores socioambientais e clínicos com o desenvolvimento motor (DM). Métodos: Foram avaliadas 25 crianças acompanhadas no follow-up da MBM, por meio da Escala Motora Infantil de Alberta e aplicação de questionário estruturado contendo dados clínicos e epidemiológicos. Resultados: Foi detectado que todas as crianças eram prematuras e 44% apresentaram atipicidade no DM, relacionada principalmente a idade corrigida (p=0,015) e ao grau de escolaridade materna ( p=0,019). Conclusão: O elevado índice de atipicidade no DM pode estar associado ao perfil amostral, cuja prematuridade infere em fragilidade de seus sistemas. Assim, sugere-se que maiores investigações sejam realizadas, a fim de relacionar outros fatores com o DM.

Introduction: Premature children tend to have neuropsychomotor development delays due to immature and propensity of lesions in the central nervous system. Objective: To describe the epidemiological and motor profile of children attended in the follow-up of Maternity Hospital Balbina Mestrinho in Manaus/AM, identifying possible motor development delays and correlating them with risk factors. Methods: 25 premature child were evaluated through the Alberta Infant Motor Scale and a structured questionnaire was used with clinical and epidemiological data from the child and parentes. Results: It was detected that 44% of the children presented atipical motor development, related to age corrected (p=0,015) and the degree of maternal schooling (p=0,019). Conclusion: The high index in atypical motor development can be associated whit the sample profile, whose the prematurity infers in the fragility of its systems. Thus, it is suggested that further investigations be performed in order to relate other factors to motor development.

Prevention of peritoneal adhesion using a bacterial cellulose hydrogel, in experimental study.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose hydrogel as a barrier in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesion in rat model. METHODS: Experimental study with 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were divided into three groups for the following treatments: A. Saline, B. Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC) barrier, and C Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (BCH) barrier. After 45 days of the surgery the adhesions were classified and graded according to the qualitative score. The histological parameters were evaluated using a modified semi-quantitative scale to rate the extent of fibrosis, inflammatory reaction and vascular proliferation. RESULTS: Compared with the saline group (A), the treatments with ORC barrier (B) and BHC barrier (C) resulted in a smaller number of adhesions (p=0.019 and p=0.003 on Fisher's exact test, respectively). Data from inflammation and neovascularization showed no statistically significant difference between the groups BHC and ORC (p=0.426 and 0.446 on chi-square test, respectively). CONCLUSION: Bacterial cellulose hydrogel is effective as a bio-re-absorbable barrier for preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions.

Prevention of peritoneal adhesion using a bacterial cellulose hydrogel, in experimental study

PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness of bacterial cellulose hydrogel as a barrier in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesion in rat model. METHODS: Experimental study with 45 Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) that were divided into three groups for the following treatments: A. Saline, B. Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose (ORC) barrier, and C Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (BCH) barrier. After 45 days of the surgery the adhesions were classified and graded according to the qualitative score. The histological parameters were evaluated using a modified semi-quantitative scale to rate the extent of fibrosis, inflammatory reaction and vascular proliferation. RESULTS: Compared with the saline group (A), the treatments with ORC barrier (B) and BHC barrier (C) resulted in a smaller number of adhesions (p=0.019 and p=0.003 on Fisher's exact test, respectively). Data from inflammation and neovascularization showed no statistically significant difference between the groups BHC and ORC (p=0.426 and 0.446 on chi-square test, respectively). CONCLUSION: Bacterial cellulose hydrogel is effective as a bio-re-absorbable barrier for preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions. .

Queixas relacionadas ao desempenho ocupacional de adolescentes que vivem com HIV: subsídios para ação da Terapia Ocupacional / Complaints related to occupational performance of adolescents who live HIV: subsidies for action of the Occupational Therapy

A adolescência se caracteriza como um período de transformações biológicas, psicológicas e sociais, que, quando vivenciada concomitantemente com a infecção pelo HIV pode afetar o desempenho ocupacional. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as queixas relativas ao desempenho ocupacional de adolescentes que vivem com o HIV. Foi realizado em um ambulatório de Doenças Infecto Parasitárias em Pediatria, com 14 adolescentes soropositivos. Os dados foram coletados pela Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional e analisados por estatística descritiva. Os adolescentes relataram 37 queixas distribuídas nas categorias lazer, autocuidado e produtividade. O maior número de queixas foi observado na categoria Lazer. O estudo apontou subsídios para o planejamento de ações de promoção da qualidade de vida da terapia ocupacional direcionadas para os adolescentes e seus cuidadores.

The adolescence is a moment of biological, psychological and social transformation in associated with a HIVthat when experienced with concomitant HIV infection, it canaffect the occupational performance of infected adolescent. The objective of this study was to describe the relative’s complaints to the occupational performance of adolescents who live with HIV. This study carries out in a patients department of Diseases Infect Parasitic in Pediatrics, with 14 adolescents infected by HIV. The data were collected from the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and analyzed from descriptive statistic. There was a total of 37 complaints related to occupational performance distributed in the categories of leisure, selfcare and productive. The highest number of complaints was observed in the category leisure. The study pointed subsidies for the planning of life quality promotion actions of the occupational therapy directed to adolescents and their caregivers.

[Influence of maternal and neonatal factors on bronchopulmonary dysplasia development]. / Influência de fatores maternos e neonatais no desenvolvimento da displasia broncopulmonar.

OBJECTIVE: To review epidemiological features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its relationship with maternal and neonatal conditions in a neonatal unit. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study involving preterm newborns (NBs) with a birth weight lower than 1,500 g and gestational age under 37 weeks. Data was collected through a review of medical records of these newborns admitted to a neonatal unit. RESULTS: The study included 323 newborns with a mean birth weight of 1,161 g (± 231 g), gestational age between 24 and 36.5 weeks, with a BPD incidence of 17.6%. Among the NBs developing BPD, the mean of days using invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), non-invasive ventilation (NIMV), and supplemental oxygen was 17.6, 16.2, and 46.1 days, respectively, with a time significantly longer for those NBs developing BPD (p < 0.001). BPD occurred significantly more often in NBs with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). CONCLUSION: BPD incidence in this study was similar to that found in the literature. No BPD association with maternal infection and antenatal corticosteroid use was found. NBs receiving exogenous surfactant had a higher BPD incidence because they had lower BW and GA. Concomitant occurrence of PDA and BPD is associated with staying longer on IMV, NIMV and supplemental oxygen.

Influência de fatores maternos e neonatais no desenvolvimento da displasia broncopulmonar / Influence of maternal and neonatal factors on bronchopulmonary dysplasia development

OBJETIVO: Analisar as características epidemiológicas da displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) e suas relações com condições maternas e neonatais em uma unidade neonatal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo e analítico, sendo os dados coletados através da análise de prontuários envolvendo recém-nascidos (RNs) pré-termo com peso ao nascimento inferior a 1.500 g e idade gestacional abaixo de 37 semanas internados em uma unidade neonatal. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 323 recém-nascidos com média do peso ao nascimento de 1.161 g (± 231 g), idade gestacional entre 24 e 36,5 semanas com incidência da DBP de 17,6 por cento. Entre os RNs que desenvolveram DBP, a média de dias de uso de assistência ventilatória mecânica invasiva (AVMI), ventilação não invasiva (VNI) e oxigênio foi, respectivamente, 17,6 dias, 16,2 dias e 46,1 dias, sendo significativamente maior naqueles RNs que desenvolveram a DBP (p < 0,001). A ocorrência da DBP foi significativamente maior nos RNs com diagnóstico de persistência do canal arterial (PCA). CONCLUSÃO: A incidência da DBP neste estudo foi semelhante à encontrada na literatura mundial. Não houve associação entre a presença de infecção materna e o uso de corticoide antenatal com a DBP. Os RNs que fizeram uso de surfactante tiveram maior incidência da DBP porque tinham menor PN e menor IG. A ocorrência da PCA e DBP simultaneamente está associada ao maior tempo de uso de AVMI, VNI e oxigênio.

OBJECTIVE: To review epidemiological features of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its relationship with maternal and neonatal conditions in a neonatal unit. METHODS: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study involving preterm newborns (NBs) with a birth weight lower than 1,500 g and gestational age under 37 weeks. Data was collected through a review of medical records of these newborns admitted to a neonatal unit. RESULTS: The study included 323 newborns with a mean birth weight of 1,161 g (± 231 g), gestational age between 24 and 36.5 weeks, with a BPD incidence of 17.6 percent. Among the NBs developing BPD, the mean of days using invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), non-invasive ventilation (NIMV), and supplemental oxygen was 17.6, 16.2, and 46.1 days, respectively, with a time significantly longer for those NBs developing BPD (p < 0.001). BPD occurred significantly more often in NBs with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). CONCLUSION: BPD incidence in this study was similar to that found in the literature. No BPD association with maternal infection and antenatal corticosteroid use was found. NBs receiving exogenous surfactant had a higher BPD incidence because they had lower BW and GA. Concomitant occurrence of PDA and BPD is associated with staying longer on IMV, NIMV and supplemental oxygen.

Relação bidirecional entre a doença periodontal e a diabetes mellitus / Bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus

O diabetes mellitus é uma doença de natureza crônica, que resulta de uma perturbação no metabolismo dos carboidratos em virtude de a insulina não exercer seus efeitos metabólicos. A doença periodontal pode ser definida como um processo de infecção e inflamação que destrói os tecidos de proteção e sustentação dos elementos dentários. O diabetes tem sido amplamente considerado como um importante fator de risco para doenças periodontais, por sua vez, a periodontite dificulta o controle do diabetes, sendo considerada a complicação oral mais importante do diabetes. Essas doenças apresentam uma relação bidirecional, na qual o diabetes favorece o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal, e esta, quando não tratada, piora o controle metabólico do diabetes. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é o de realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca dessa relação e as condutas possíveis para o tratamento odontológico do paciente.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease of chronic nature, which results from a disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates because the insulin does not exert its metabolic eff ects. Periodontal disease can be defined as a process of infection and inflammation that destroys tissue protection and support of the teeth. Diabetes has been widely regarded as an important risk factor for periodontal disease, in turn, periodontitis difficult to control diabetes, is considered the most important oral complication of diabetes. These diseases have a bidirectional relationship in which diabetes promotes the development of periodontal disease. If this disease is not going to be treat, worst is going to be the metabolic control of diabetes. It is, therefore, aim of this study the review of the literature about this relationship and the possible behaviors of the dental patient.