Assuntos
Assimetria Facial/terapia , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/terapia , Mordida Aberta/terapia , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Cefalometria/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico/métodos , Assimetria Facial/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle/cirurgia , Mandíbula/patologia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Mordida Aberta/cirurgia , Osteotomia Sagital do Ramo Mandibular/métodos , Prognatismo/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Interface Usuário-Computador , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The frequency and morphology of mental spines and spinous mental foramina was studied in 1200 adult human mandibles of Indian origin. The mental spines were present in 1178 mandibles (98.2%). The usual textbook description of four spines, arranged in two pairs one above the other was found only in 231 mandibles (19.6%). Mandibles with only two superior mental spines were seen in 842 cases (71.4%) which were associated with either a median vertical ridge below them (47.7%) or with a rough impression in place of the median ridge (23.7%). Spinous mental foramina (one to three) close to the midline and in between the spines were found in 1165 mandibles (97.57%). The presence of these foramina has not been mentioned in most textbooks of anatomy.
Assuntos
Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Adulto , Cadáver , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Dimensão VerticalRESUMO
Forty suprarenal glands were studied, 20 being dissected from aborted fetuses of 9 to 36 weeks' gestation and 20 obtained from human cadavers of ages 1 day to 60 years. All the specimens were from a Northern India population. The side and shape of each suprarenal gland was noted and documented. The length, breadth, thickness and volume of each gland were measured and tabulated in terms of age. The mean length, breadth and thickness in fetuses of 9-36 weeks were found to be 1.4 cm, 1 cm and 0.45 cm respectively. In the postnatal age group the measurements were 4.5 cm, 2.08 cm and 0.66 cm respectively. The commonest shape of the suprarenal glands on left side was semilunar but on the right side it was highly variable: triangular, tetrahedral, inverted Y or V shaped. On comparison of the gross measurements with available ultrasound and CT scan data it was found that both the length and thickness in the population studied were greater than reported in the literature. A knowledge of these variations is very important in diagnosis of abnormalities of the suprarenal gland, of which tumoral enlargement is rather common.
