Association between empirically derived dietary patterns and polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic and endocrine abnormality in reproductive-aged women. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance between major dietary patterns and PCOS. METHODS: This was a case-control study with 108 women newly diagnosed with PCOS and 108 age-, and body mass index-matched women without PCOS, as a control group, in Yazd, Iran. PCOS was diagnosed based on Rotterdam criteria. Subsequently, the validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate the usual dietary intake. Moreover, principal component analysis was used for driving dietary patterns, and logistic regression assessed the relationship between dietary patterns and PCOS. RESULTS: Three major dietary patterns were identified: a high glycemic index (GI; high fat), a low GI (low fat), and an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern. After adjustment for potential confounders, the high GI (high fat) dietary pattern significantly increased the odds for PCOS (odds ratio [OR] for the highest and. lowest quartile, 3.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-9.38), and demonstrated a significant increase in BMI, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, and visceral fat. Having adjusted the potential confounders, the moderate adherence to the anti-inflammatory dietary pattern had a protective effect on the odds of PCOS (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15-0.95). However, no significant relation was found between the low GI (low fat) dietary pattern and the odds of PCOS. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that the high-GI (high-fat) dietary pattern had an incremental effect on the odds of PCOS. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory dietary pattern had a reduction effect on the risk for PCOS. It's worth noting that more prospective studies are required to confirm the findings of this study.

Comparing the Frequency of Some Oral Lesions in Prediabetic and Healthy Individuals: Is There Any Difference?

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of prediabetic stage is very important for prevention of diabetes and complications. This stage may be associated with some oral lesions. Only a few studies are available on the oral status of prediabetic patients and incidence of oral lesions in this population. This study aimed to compare some oral complications between prediabetic and healthy control groups. METHODS: The present two-group cross-sectional study was carried out on 302 prediabetic and non-diabetic (healthy) 20- to 60-year-old subjects. In this study, data on age, gender, educational level, medications use, smoking, and some other variables were extracted through history taking. In addition, orodental examination was carried out by an oral medicine specialist to diagnose oral lesions including candidiasis, lichen planus, periodontitis, gingivitis, xerostomia, delayed wound healing, geographic tongue, fissured tongue, and burning mouth sensation. Data entry and analysis was performed by SPSS version 22 software, and P value and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to show statistical relationship between variables. RESULTS: The most common oral lesion in prediabetic subjects was periodontitis (27.2%), followed by gingivitis (14.7%) and xerostomia (11.3%). In the control group, gingivitis (20.5%) followed by periodontitis (11.3%) are common oral lesions. Candidiasis (P = 0.036), periodontitis (P < 0.001), and xerostomia (P < 0.001) in prediabetic subjects were higher than control group that is statistically significant. Regression analysis showed that in the prediabetic group, periodontitis [OR = 2.91, confidence interval (CI): 1.54-5.49] and xerostomia (OR = 18.51, CI = 2.42-141.45) were significantly more prevalent than healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: Based on the results, glucose intolerance stage exhibited a significantly higher oral problems such as periodontitis and xerostomia than healthy euglycemic stage.

A rare disorder: tumoral calcinosis and cirrhosis.

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare disease characterised by deposition of calcified mass near the joints. The pathogenesis of this disease is not exactly defined. A disorder of calcium and inorganic phosphate metabolism may play a role. Here, we report a case of 19-year-old girl who had both cryptogenic cirrhosis and idiopathic tumoral calcinosis. To our knowledge, there is few report of such concurrence.