Evaluating a complex health promotion program to reduce hepatitis C among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in New South Wales, Australia: the Deadly Liver Mob.

The Deadly Liver Mob (DLM) is a peer-delivered incentivised health promotion program by and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, and was introduced in response to the disproportionate number of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians who are impacted by blood borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The goal of the program is to increase access to BBV and STI education, screening, treatment, and vaccination in recognition and response to the systemic barriers that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples face in accessing health care. This commentary introduces a series of papers that report on various aspects of the evaluation of the Deadly Liver Mob (DLM) program. In this paper, we explain what DLM is and how we constructed an evaluation framework for this complex health promotion intervention.

Increasing access to screening for blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: evaluation of the Deadly Liver Mob program's 'cascade of care' across nine sites in New South Wales, Australia.

BACKGROUND: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are disproportionately impacted by blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Stigma remains one of the key barriers to testing and treatment for BBVs and STIs, particularly among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The Deadly Liver Mob (DLM) is a peer-delivered incentivised health promotion program by and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians. The program aims to increase access to BBV and STI education, screening, treatment, and vaccination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians in recognition of the systemic barriers for First Nations people to primary care, including BBV- and STI-related stigma, and institutional racism. This paper presents routinely collected data across nine sites on the 'cascade of care' progression of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients through the DLM program: hepatitis C education, screening, returning for results, and recruitment of peers. METHODS: Routinely collected data were collated from each of the DLM sites, including date of attendance, basic demographic characteristics, eligibility for the program, recruitment of others, and engagement in the cascade of care. RESULTS: Between 2013 and 2020, a total of 1787 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander clients were educated as part of DLM, of which 74% went on to be screened and 42% (or 57% of those screened) returned to receive their results. The total monetary investment of the cascade of care progression was approximately $56,220. Data highlight the positive impacts of the DLM program for engagement in screening, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive, and safe programs led by and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. However, the data also indicate the points at which clients 'fall off' the cascade, underscoring the need to address any remaining barriers to care. CONCLUSIONS: The DLM program shows promise in acting as a 'one stop shop' in addressing the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in relation to BBVs and STIs. Future implementation could focus on addressing any potential barriers to participation in the program, such as co-location of services and transportation.

Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes profiles of spa type t605 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis.

AIMS: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common pathogens associated with mastitis in dairy herds worldwide. This study evaluated the profile of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of spa type t605 methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 57 S. aureus strains were screened by conventional PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) for 49 virulence genes. The most prevalent virulence genes detected were icaD (94.7%), fib (93%), fnbA (82.5%), clfA (80.7%), bap (78.9%), clfB (73.7%), icaA (66.7%), see (64.9%), and sed (61.4%). The blaZ (94.7%), aac6'aph2' (15.8%), and ant4 (12.3%) genes were the most common antimicrobial resistance genes; however, mecA and mecC genes were not found. All methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) strains were characterized through spa and agr typing. The spa type t605 was found in all isolates. By agr typing, the most prevalent were type II (56.1%). Antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disk diffusion method, and 93% showed resistance to at least one antibiotic. Penicillin resistance was the most prevalent (87.7%), followed by tetracycline (12.3%), oxacillin (10.5%), and gentamicin (10.5%) resistance. CONCLUSION: Our study confirmed the spa type t605 as endemic, carrying a wide variety of virulence factors and high-level penicillin resistance. The profile seems to be associated with the colonization of MSSA and its persistence in subclinical mastitis.

The potential interplay between the glandular microbiome and scent marking behavior in owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae).

In mammals, scent marking behavior is a pervasive form of chemical communication that regulates social interactions within and between groups. Glandular microbiota consist of bacterial communities capable of producing chemical cues used in olfactory communication. Despite countless studies on scent marking in primates, few have examined the microbiota associated with glandular secretions. Nancy Ma's owl monkeys (Aotus nancymaae) are nocturnal, socially monogamous primates that frequently scent mark using their subcaudal glands. Previous analyses revealed that unique chemical signatures of Aotus may convey information about sex and age. We used positive reinforcement to sample the subcaudal glands of 23 captive owl monkeys to describe their glandular microbiomes and examine how patterns in these bacterial communities vary with age, sex, rearing environment and/or social group (pair identity). We coupled these analyses with behavioral observations to examine patterns in their scent marking behavior. We isolated 31 bacterial species from Phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, consistent with the dermal and glandular microbiomes of other primates. Several bacterial taxa we identified produce volatile organic compounds, which may contribute to olfactory communication. These bacterial communities are best predicted by an interaction between sex, rearing environment and pair identity rather than any of these variables alone. Within mated pairs of A. nancymaae, males and females scent mark their nest boxes at similar frequencies. In some pairs, rates of scent marking by males and females fluctuated over time in a similar manner. Pairs that had been together longer tended to exhibit the greatest similarities in their rates of scent marking. Together, these findings suggest that scent marking behavior and close social interactions with pair mates in Aotus may influence bacterial transmission and their glandular microbiomes. Chemical communication, including coordinated scent marking, may play a role in strengthening pair bonds, signaling pair status and/or in mate guarding in this socially monogamous primate.

Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese producers in São Paulo, Brazil.

The genus Staphylococcus is recognized worldwide as a cause of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Antibiotics used in dairy cattle combined with ineffective control can increase antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this study was to characterize 95 Staphylococcus strains isolated from organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese production regarding antibiotic resistance (phenotype and genotype), presence of sanitizer-resistant genes and biofilm-formation genes, and SCCmec typing. Most strains (25.3%) showed higher resistance to penicillin, followed by oxacillin (21.1%) and clindamycin (11.6%). Among antibiotic resistance genes, the most prevalent were blaZ (25.3%), mecA (13.7%), lsaB (6.3%), msrA (4.2%), ant4 (3.2%), and tetM (2.1%); among sanitizer-resistance genes they were qacA/B (5.3%) and qacC (6.3%); and among biofilm, bap (4.2%), icaA (29.5%), icaD (41.1%). However, there was no statistically significant difference between organic and conventional dairy products, possibly due to the lack of synthetic antibiotic use on conventional farms during the sample collection period. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) had their SCCmec identified as types I and IVc, and the methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci had nontypeable SCCmec. These results suggest that there are antibiotic-resistant strains in both organic and conventional Minas Frescal cheese production in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. This supports the idea that improved quality control is needed from the milking stage up to the final product.

Histoplasmosis in HIV-Infected Patients: Epidemiological, Clinical and Necropsy Data from a Brazilian Teaching Hospital.

Histoplasmosis occurs in 5-10% of HIV-infected patients in endemic areas and evolves to severe and disseminated infection with mortality rates over 50% in some regions. This report presents epidemiological, clinical and outcome data from HIV-infected patients with histoplasmosis confirmed by culture and/or at necropsy who were admitted to a Brazilian teaching hospital. Data from 65 patients were obtained from their respective medical and necropsy records. From 2005 to 2018, 36 HIV-infected patients were diagnosed with histoplasmosis confirmed by culture. At admission, most of these patients presented disseminated fungal infection, whereas 15 (41.7%) were simultaneously diagnosed with both HIV infection and histoplasmosis. Fever, weight loss, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory and digestive symptoms were present in 86.2%, 50%, 44.4% and 41.7% of the patients, respectively. At admission, 24 patients had low CD4 T-cell count and high viral load values. Among the 30 patients who received antifungals, 16 (53.3%) were cured, 13 (43.3%) died, and one was lost to follow-up. Six patients died prior to therapy. From 1990 to 2018, 63 necropsies of patients with Histoplasma capsulatum infection were performed. Of these patients, 29 (46.0%) were HIV-infected individuals, including 21 (72.4%) who presented disseminated histoplasmosis and 21 (72.4%) who were diagnosed with histoplasmosis at necropsy. The epidemiological, clinical and outcome profiles presented herein are similar to those described elsewhere and reinforce the difficulties that are still present in limited-resource settings where advanced immunodeficiency, combined with severe fungal infection and late patient admissions, is related to poor outcomes.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in food and the prevalence in Brazil: a review.

Foodborne diseases (FBD) occur worldwide and affect a large part of the population, being a cause of international concern among health authorities. Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted by contaminated food, and it is one of the pathogens that most cause foodborne outbreaks in Brazil. Currently, this organism's ability in developing resistance to antibiotics is notorious; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA-is known for its resistance to methicillin, oxacillin, and others. MRSA is one of the leading causes of infections, becoming a major threat to human health worldwide due to the numerous toxins that can produce. At first, the transmission of MRSA occurred in clinical environments; but in recent decades, its presence has been reported in the community, outside the hospital environment, including food and food-producing animals around the world. In this review, information about MRSA was gathered to verify MRSA incidence in the world but especially in Brazil in food samples, food handlers, food-producing animals, and food processing environments. The studies show that MRSA is easily found and in certain cases with high frequency, thus representing a potential risk to public health.

Aspectos gerais da tuberculose: uma atualização sobre o agente etiológico e o tratamento / General aspects of tuberculosis: an update on the etiologic agent and treatment

A tuberculose (TB) é uma doença infecto-contagiosa, transmitida de pessoa a pessoa através de gotículas de aerossóis, tem como agente etiológico o microrganismo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, também chamado de bacilo de Koch (BAAR). O trabalho faz um relato parcial da tuberculose, apresentando algumas informações, como: epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento. Podemos observar que, apesar de ter tido uma queda de incidência nos últimos anos, ainda é considerada um problema de saúde pública mundial. No Brasil, entre os anos de 2001 e 2014 foram confirmados 70 mil óbitos. Observa-se também que dentre os estados brasileiros, o Amazonas é o que possui maior número de casos, cerca de 68,4/100 mil habitantes. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) classifica essa doença como infecciosa de agente único que mais mata, chegando a superar o HIV. Embora seja uma doença curável e evitável, a maioria dos óbitos ocorre nas regiões metropolitanas e em unidades hospitalares. A tuberculose ainda é considerada uma doença grave de saúde pública mundial, que atinge todas as faixas etárias; devido às suas complicações, principalmente quando associada a condições sociais e econômicas precárias, a doença ainda causa muitas mortes. A identificação precoce e o tratamento adequado dos casos existentes é a medida mais eficaz para interromper a cadeia de transmissão da TB, daí a importância da busca ativa de novos casos através da avaliação dos contactantes.

O colapso moral do eu no ocaso da religião: uma [análise] crítica a partir da interpretação freudiana / The moral collapse of the self in the religion's decline: a critic [analysis] based on a Freudian interpretation

A profecia de Freud sobre o colapso da religião na sociedade tecnocientífica é analisada neste artigo. Considerando este problema, partindo do cenário da teoria social contemporânea, três perguntas são colocadas: (1) A profecia de Freud de que na sociedade tecnocientífica se elevaria o grau de segurança/controle da vida social foi validada? (2) A profecia de Freud sobre o "crepúsculo da religião" na sociedade tecnocientífica foi refutada? (3) Confirmou-se, conforme propôs Freud, que a relativização do poder coercitivo da religião repressora na sociedade tecnocientífica produziu um mundo social mais terapêutico para a vida humana? As respostas a estas perguntas mostraram-se reveladoras sobre as possibilidades hermenêuticas da psicanálise para o contexto da neomodernidade.(AU)

Freud's prophecy on the religion's collapse in techno-scientific society is analyzed in this article. Considering this problem, going from the scenery of contemporary social theory, three questions emerge: (1) Has Freud's prophecy that in the techno-scientific society would be an increase of the certainty level/social life control been validated? (2) Has Freud's prophecy on the "dusk of religion" in the techno-scientific society been refuted? (3) Has it been confirmed, as Freud proposed, that the relativization of the coercive power of the repressive religion in the techno-scientific society created a social world more therapeutic for human life? The answers to such questions were revealing about the hermeneutics possibility of the psychoanalysis for the context of neomodernity.(AU)

O colapso moral do eu no ocaso da religião: uma [análise] crítica a partir da interpretação freudiana / The moral collapse of the self in the religion’s decline: a critic [analysis] based on a Freudian interpretation

A profecia de Freud sobre o colapso da religião na sociedade tecnocientífica é analisa da neste artigo. Considerando este problema, partindo do cenário da teoria social contemporânea, três perguntas são colocadas: (1) A profecia de Freud de que na sociedade tecnocientífica se elevaria o grau de segurança/controle da vida social foi validada? (2) A profecia de Freud sobre o “crepúsculo da religião” na sociedade tecnocientífica foi refutada? (3) Confirmou-se, conforme propôs Freud, que a relativização do poder coercitivo da religião repressora na sociedade tecnocientífica produziu um mundo social mais terapêutico para a vida humana? As respostas a estas perguntas mostraram-se reveladoras sobre as possibilidades hermenêuticas da psicanálise para o contexto da neomodernidade.(AU)

Freud's prophecy on the religion's collapse in techno-scientific society is analyzed in this article. Considering this problem, going from the scenery of contemporary social theory, three questions emerge: (1) Has Freud's prophecy that in the techno-scientific society would be an increase of the certainty level/social life control been validated? (2) Has Freud's prophecy on the "dusk of religion" in the techno-scientific society been refuted? (3) Has it been confirmed, as Freud proposed, that the relativization of the coercive power of the repressive religion in the techno-scientific society created a social world more therapeutic for human life? The answers to such questions were revealing about the hermeneutics possibility of the psychoanalysis for the context of neomodernity.(AU)

Production and characterization of curcumin microcrystals and evaluation of the antimicrobial and sensory aspects in minimally processed carrots.

Nontoxic conserving agents are in demand by the food industry due to consumers concern about synthetic conservatives, especially in minimally processed food. The antimicrobial activity of curcumin, a natural phenolic compound, has been extensively investigated but hydrophobicity is an issue when applying curcumin to foodstuff. The objective of this work was to evaluate curcumin microcrystals as an antimicrobial agent in minimally processed carrots. The antimicrobial activity of curcumin microcrystals was evaluated in vitro against Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) microorganisms, showing a statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the minimum inhibitory concentration compared to in natura, pristine curcumin. Curcumin microcrystals were effective in inhibiting psychrotrophic and mesophile microorganisms in minimally processed carrots. Sensory analyses were carried out showing no significant difference (p < 0.05) between curcumin microcrystal-treated carrots and non-treated carrots in triangular and tetrahedral discriminative tests. Sensory tests also showed that curcumin microcrystals could be added as a natural preservative in minimally processed carrots without causing noticeable differences that could be detected by the consumer. One may conclude that the analyses of the minimally processed carrots demonstrated that curcumin microcrystals are a suitable natural compound to inhibit the natural microbiota of carrots from a statistical point of view.

Analytical validation of an ultraviolet-visible procedure for determining lutein concentration and application to lutein-loaded nanoparticles.

Lutein is a carotenoid presenting known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Lutein-rich diets have been associated with neurological improvement as well as reduction of the risk of vision loss due to Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). Micro and nanoencapsulation have demonstrated to be effective techniques in protecting lutein against degradation and also in improving its bioavailability. However, actual lutein concentration inside the capsules and encapsulation efficiency are key parameters that must be precisely known when designing in vitro and in vivo tests. In this work an analytical procedure was validated for the determination of the actual lutein content in zein nanoparticles using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Method validation followed the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines which evaluate linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, accuracy and precision. The validated methodology was applied to characterize lutein-loaded nanoparticles.

Sistema de estruturação de crençassociointerativo: Estruturação de crenças, lógicas de interação e processos de contingenciamento / Beliefs’ structuring socio-interactive system

Sistema de estruturação de crenças sociointerativo é uma teoria que propõe uma nova compreensão da dinâmica do processo social de construção da identidade do indivíduo/pessoa humano. O artigo propõe a discussão de uma interface das ciências sociais e humanas para dispor de um olhar compreensivo para o fenômeno de construção subjetiva do sistema de crença do indivíduo, denominado de interagente. O indivíduo nunca deve ser compreendido como uma realidade autorreferente e auto existente, mas como uma “unidade complexa” (NIKLÁS LUHMANN) que reflete o brilho dos processos sociais de uma sociedade complexa. A “experiência significada” no ritual de interação torna-se um “rito hermenêutico” de definição semântica do próprio sistema de crença do interagente. As lógicas de interação, contudo, tendem a contingenciar modos, sentidos e as estruturas das próprias interações estabelecidas entre os indivíduos, tornando possível maior inteligibilidade da relação existente entre crenças, lógicas de interação e processos de contingenciamento. (AU)

Beliefs’ structuring socio-interactive system is a theory that proposes a new understanding of the individual/human person’s identity construction social process dynamics. This paper proposes an interface between social and human sciences in order to present a betterand broader comprehensive look at the phenomenon of subjective construction of the individual’s belief system which is called in this paper “interagent”. The individual must never be understood as aself-referential and self-existent reality, but as a “complex unity” (NIKLAS LUHMANN) that reflects the brightness of the social processes of a complex society. The “signified experience” in the interactionritual becomes a “hermeneutical rite” of semantic definition of thein teragent’s own belief system. The interaction logics, however, tend to impound ways, meanings and structures of their own interactions established between individuals, making possible a greater intelligibility of the existing relationship between beliefs, interaction logicsand contingency processes. (AU)

Antibiotic prophylaxis in the placement of totally implanted central venous access ports.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic prophylaxis during placement of implanted central venous access ports (CVAP) has not been studied. This retrospective review compared the rate of catheter-related infections (CRIs) with and without perioperative antibiotics. METHODS: This was a single-center study that compared patients treated with and without a single dose of antibiotics during CVAP placement. CRIs were defined as a patient treated with antibiotics for port site induration, positive blood cultures, or suspicion of infection that led to port removal within 30 days of placement. RESULTS: CVAP were placed in 459 patients, 103 of whom (22.4%) received antibiotic prophylaxis. Surgical technique and patient demographics were similar to those patients not receiving antibiotics (356). All 9 (2%) CRIs occurred in the non-prophylactic antibiotic group (P = .218), with 5 infections resulting in port removal. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose perioperative antibiotics may decrease CVAP infection rates and should be studied further in a prospective randomized trial.

A terapia cognitiva de Aaron Beck como reflexividade na alta modernidade: uma sociologia do conhecimento / The Aaron Beck cognitive therapy as reflexivity in high modernity: a sociology of knowledge

Uma sociologia do conhecimento interpreta a produção do conhecimento como vinculada a situações sociais. Partindo dessa premissa epistemológica, nosso artigo objetivou interpretar a terapia cognitiva de Aaron Beck como conhecimento construído e construtor do fenômeno de reflexividade da alta modernidade, conforme interpretada por Anthony Giddens. Nossa hipótese é que a reorientação do sistema de crenças do cliente, proposta pela terapia cognitiva, é uma forma de reconstrução reflexiva da autoidentidade, visando superar conflitos típicos da instabilidade da alta modernidade. Assinalamos aspectos na terapia cognitiva que a identificam com a reflexividade, sobretudo a ideia de que a construção da autoidentidade é uma tarefa na qual o indivíduo se engaja reflexivamente.(AU)

A sociology of knowledge interprets the knowledge production as tied to social situations. Leaving from this epistemological premise, our paper objectified to interpret the Aaron Beck cognitive therapy as a knowledge that is both constructed and constructor of the phenomenon of reflexivity in high modernity, as interpreted by Anthony Giddens. Our hypothesis is that the reorientation of the customer's beliefs system, proposed by the cognitive therapy, is a form of reflexive reconstruction of self-identity aiming to surpass typical conflicts of the instability in high modernity. We designate some aspects in the cognitive therapy that identify it with reflexivity, over all the idea that the self-identity's construction is a task in which the individual engages reflexively.(AU)

A terapia cognitiva de Aaron Beck como reflexividade na alta modernidade: uma sociologia do conhecimento / The Aaron Beck cognitive therapy as reflexivity in high modernity: a sociology of knowledge

Uma sociologia do conhecimento interpreta a produção do conhecimento como vinculada a situações sociais. Partindo dessa premissa epistemológica, nosso artigo objetivou interpretar a terapia cognitiva de Aaron Beck como conhecimento construído e construtor do fenômeno de reflexividade da alta modernidade, conforme interpretada por Anthony Giddens. Nossa hipótese é que a reorientação do sistema de crenças do cliente, proposta pela terapia cognitiva, é uma forma de reconstrução reflexiva da autoidentidade, visando superar conflitos típicos da instabilidade da alta modernidade. Assinalamos aspectos na terapia cognitiva que a identificam com a reflexividade, sobretudo a ideia de que a construção da autoidentidade é uma tarefa na qual o indivíduo se engaja reflexivamente.

A sociology of knowledge interprets the knowledge production as tied to social situations. Leaving from this epistemological premise, our paper objectified to interpret the Aaron Beck cognitive therapy as a knowledge that is both constructed and constructor of the phenomenon of reflexivity in high modernity, as interpreted by Anthony Giddens. Our hypothesis is that the reorientation of the customer's beliefs system, proposed by the cognitive therapy, is a form of reflexive reconstruction of self-identity aiming to surpass typical conflicts of the instability in high modernity. We designate some aspects in the cognitive therapy that identify it with reflexivity, over all the idea that the self-identity's construction is a task in which the individual engages reflexively.

A psicologia intelectualista grega: um paradigma antropológico na história da psicologia / The greek intellectualistic psychology: an anthropologic paradigm on history of psychology

As discussões na filosofia socrático-platônico e em Aristóteles sobre a ética geraram uma psicologia intelectualista. Tal psicologia resultou da procura pelo especificamente humano (areté), compreendido enquanto a racionalidade como princípio organizador da conduta. O objetivo de nosso artigo é expor esta psicologia intelectualista, considerando-a como um paradigma antropológico que demarcou grandes temas acerca da compreensão do humano. A presença da herança intelectualista sobre a psicologia científica do século XX é identificada na psicologia moral de Piaget e em Daniel Dennett. Epistemológica e historiograficamente nosso artigo mostra que a compreensão da psicologia construída no século XX é beneficiada quando consideramos sua relação com grandes paradigmas antropológicos que estabeleceram as principais bases acerca da discussão sobre o homem. O exame desta relação exige considerar um passado que vai além da construção da psicologia na modernidade(AU)

A psicologia intelectualista grega: um paradigma antropológico na história da psicologia / The greek intellectualistic psychology: an anthropologic paradigm on history of psychology

As discussões na filosofia socrático-platônico e em Aristóteles sobre a ética geraram uma psicologia intelectualista. Tal psicologia resultou da procura pelo especificamente humano (areté), compreendido enquanto a racionalidade como princípio organizador da conduta. O objetivo de nosso artigo é expor esta psicologia intelectualista, considerando-a como um paradigma antropológico que demarcou grandes temas acerca da compreensão do humano. A presença da herança intelectualista sobre a psicologia científica do século XX é identificada na psicologia moral de Piaget e em Daniel Dennett. Epistemológica e historiograficamente nosso artigo mostra que a compreensão da psicologia construída no século XX é beneficiada quando consideramos sua relação com grandes paradigmas antropológicos que estabeleceram as principais bases acerca da discussão sobre o homem. O exame desta relação exige considerar um passado que vai além da construção da psicologia na modernidade.

O pensamento em Watson: rompendo com o legado metafísico e buscando uma referência materializante / The thinking in Watson: breaking with the metaphysical legacy and searching for a materializing reference

O trabalho de Watson sobre o pensamento foi tratado inadequadamente por muitos intérpretes, gerando uma lacuna na interpretação histórica visto que Watson exerceu ampla influência sobre a Psicologia. Nosso objetivo é sanar parte deste problema esclarecendo as principais posições de Watson sobre pensamento. Nossa hipótese é que a teoria watsoniana sobre o pensamento como hábito é uma forma de referencialização materializante influenciada pela desmetafisicização do pensamento Ocidental proveniente do Iluminismo. Admitimos que a teoria de Watson reproduziu premissas do erro de categoria cartesiano. Assumimos também que a prioritária associação entre pensamento e linguagem watsoniana denuncia influências indiretas da tradição filosófica grega clássica(AU)

The work of Watson about thinking was treated inadequately by many interpreters, generating a gap in the history of Psychology, since Watson exerted ample influence on Psychology. Our objective is to elucidate part of this problem by clarifying the main Watsonïs positions about the thought. Our hypothesis is that the Watson's theory about thinking as a habit is a form of materializing reference, influenced by the demetaphysization of the Western thought originating from the Iluminism. We admit that his theory reproduced premises of the Cartesian error of category. We also assume that the prioritary association between thinking and language in Watson denounces indirect influences of the classic greek philosophical tradition(AU)