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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34845061

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Adherence to treatment and hypoglycemia awareness are strongly linked to glycemic control and hypoglycemia risk in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Community pharmacies are suitable facilities to detect these conditions, and should be involved in the strategies to minimize the associated risks and burden. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted at community pharmacies across Spain assessed the prevalence of low adherence to antidiabetic treatments, the frequency of impaired hypoglycemia awareness, and their predictive factors. Adherence was measured with the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and electronic records of dispensed treatments. The Clarke questionnaire was used to assess impaired hypoglycemia awareness. Healthcare counseling provided in the pharmacy was collected. RESULTS: Seventy-nine pharmacists and 618 subjects with T2DM participated in the study. Mean age in the overall T2DM population was 67 years, being the majority (69%) pensioners. Adherence was high in 41% of participants, medium in 35%, and low in 24% according to the MMAS-8. Impaired hypoglycemia awareness was observed in 25% of participants. Main determinants of low adherence were the level of education, the number of treatments per patient, hypoglycemia awareness, and the type of pharmacy. Predictive factors of impaired hypoglycemia awareness were the level of education, information on diabetes-related complications, adherence levels, and the type of pharmacy. The proportion of participants who had healthcare counseling was 71% in the overall population and 100% in subjects with impaired hypoglycemia awareness and low adherence. Healthcare counseling comprised diabetes education (69%), pharmacotherapeutic assessment (20%), and physician referrals (11%). CONCLUSION: Lack of adherence to antidiabetic treatments and impaired hypoglycemia awareness are frequent and correlate in T2DM. Community pharmacies can detect these conditions and should have an active role in the design of strategies to minimize them.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipoglicemia , Farmácias , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Hipoglicemia/epidemiologia , Hipoglicemiantes/efeitos adversos
2.
Rev. Fund. Educ. Méd. (Ed. impr.) ; 24(5): 237-244, Oct. 2021. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-225361

RESUMO

Introducción y objetivo: Evaluar la mejora de los conocimientos, las habilidades y la satisfacción de los alumnos en un curso sobre el servicio de dispensación. Material y métodos: Diseño: estudio cuasi experimental (antes/después) con intervención educativa. Participantes: farmacéuticos comunitarios de la provincia de Pontevedra. Se realizaron siete ediciones (octubre de 2018-octubre de 2019). Intervención educativa: curso semipresencial de 26 horas + 6 horas de taller presencial con simulaciones de casos y entrenamiento mediante role-playing. Evaluación: se evaluaron los dos primeros niveles de Kirkpatrik, reacción (satisfacción) y competencia (conocimientos y actuación clínica), mediante un cuestionario con 20 preguntas y cuatro casos prácticos. Para valorar la satisfacción se utilizó un cuestionario de tipo Likert con 12 preguntas. Los datos cualitativos se expresan como porcentajes y los cuantitativos como media -desviación estándar (DE)-. Resultados: Participaron 114 alumnos, un 78% mujeres, con 39 años de edad media, un 77% adjuntos. Conocimientos: el porcentaje medio de respuestas correctas por participante al inicio fue del 44,5% (DE = 14,1%) y al final del 69,3% (DE = 16,8%; p < 0,0001). Resolución de casos: el porcentaje medio de aciertos pasó del 73,2% (DE = 9,8%) al inicio al 85,6% (DE = 7%) al final (p < 0,0001). Satisfacción: el grado de satisfacción medio fue de 3,5 puntos sobre 4 (DE = 0,12), equivalente al 87,2% (DE = 3,1%). La pregunta mejor valorada fue ‘El nivel de conocimientos sobre el tema impartido por los ponentes fue bueno’: 3,7; y la menos valorada fue ‘Las condiciones del local y el material audiovisual me parecieron idóneos’: 3,3. Conclusiones: El curso ha conseguido mejorar los conocimientos y las habilidades de los alumnos, lo que, unido a la satisfacción obtenida, puede tener influencia efectiva en su ejercicio profesional.(AU)


Introduction and objective: To evaluate the improvement of students’ knowledge, skills, and satisfaction in a course on dispensation service.Material and methods: Design: quasi-experimental study (before/after) with educational intervention. Participants: Pontevedra community pharmacists. Seven editions (October 2018-October 2019). Educational intervention: hybrid-learning course 26-hour e-learning + 6-hour workshop with case simulations and training by role-playing. Assessment: the first two levels of Kirkpatrik were evaluated: reaction (satisfaction) and competence (knowledge/clinical performance). Questionnaire with 20 questions and 4 case studies. A Likert-type questionnaire with 12 questions was used to assess satisfaction. Qualitative data are expressed as percentages and quantitative data are expressed as average (SD). Results: 114 students, 78% female, 39 years (average age), 77% relief pharmacists. Knowledge: average percentage of correct questionnaire answers per participant at the beginning 44.5% (SD-14.1%), at the end 69.3% (SD-16.8%), (p < 0,0001). Case-study results: average percentage of correct answers increased from 73.2% (SD-9.8%) at the beginning to 85.6% (SD-7.0%) at the end (p < 0.0001). Satisfaction: average satisfaction rating of 3.5/4 (SD-0.12); equivalent to 87.2% (SD-3.1%). Best-rated question: ‘The knowledge level of the subject taught by the speakers was good’: 3.7. Less valued: ‘The conditions of the premises and audiovisual material seemed suitable to me’: 3.3. Conclusions: The course has managed to improve the knowledge and skills of the students, which, together with the satisfaction obtained, can have an effective influence on their professional exercise.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Educação Médica , Estudantes de Medicina , Comercialização de Produtos , Farmacêuticos , Educação em Farmácia , Espanha
3.
Pharm. care Esp ; 23(3): 236-252, Jun 13, 2021. ilus, graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215858

RESUMO

Introducción: La modificación de los usos y actitudes de los demandantes de dispensación de medicamentos que precisan receta médica sin presentarla, es un campo donde el farmacéutico comunitario, desde su responsabilidad profesional, puede contribuir a obtener importantes resultados en la consecución de su uso correcto.Objetivo: Evaluar el resultado de la intervención del farmacéutico en la demanda de medicamentos (ibuprofeno y paracetamol) sin presentar receta médica en presentaciones que la requieren. Método: Diseño: estudio experimental transversal aleatorizado con intervención farmacéutica mediante educación sanitaria.Emplazamiento: nueve farmacias de Pontevedra y Ourense. Octubre-noviembre de 2019.Participantes: usuarios de la farmacia que solicitaban sin receta presentaciones de paracetamol o ibuprofeno que la requerían.Mediciones principales: número de solicitudes, problemas de salud y motivos, aceptación o no de una alternativa de medicamento sinreceta (MSR).Resultados:Se registraron 424 peticiones, 303 (71,5%) aceptaron la dispensación del MSR. Ibuprofeno 600 mg fue el principio activo más solicitado (73,3%) y la automedicación el principal motivo de petición sin receta (89,9%). Entre los problemas de salud referidos destacó el dolor de cabeza (22,9%). No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el resultado de la intervención y el medicamento solicitado, el sexo, el motivo, ni el problema de salud que originó la solicitud. Sí entre edad de los pacientes, medicamento solicitado y resultado de la intervención. 30 (14,2%) pacientes fueron derivados al médico.Conclusiones:La actuación del farmacéutico en el cambio a un medicamento sin receta logró una alta aceptación por los pacientes, lo que contribuye a su uso adecuado.(AU)


Introduction: The change in the usage and the attitudes of the petitioners who ask for the dispensing of medications that require a medical prescription without deliver it, is a field in which the community pharmacist, from his or her professional responsibility, can contribute to obtain important outcomes in the achievement of their correct usage.Objective:This study pursues to evaluate the result of the pharmacist intervention on the demand for drugs (ibuprofen and paracetamol) without delivering a medical prescription in cases in which it is needed. Method: Design: It was carried out an experimental, cross-sectional and randomized study with pharmaceutical intervention through health education.Location: nine pharmacies from Pontevedra and Ourense. October –November 2019.Participants: pharmacy users that ask for paracetamol or ibuprofeno without having a medical prescription although it was needed. Main measurements: number of requests, health problems and causes, acceptance or not of an alternative, an over the counter (OTC) drug. Results: 424 requests were registered, 303 (71.5%) accepted the OTC dispensation. Ibuprofeno 600 mg was the most requested active ingredient (73.3%) and self-medication the main cause of request without a prescription (89.9%). Among the health problems referred, headache stood out (22.9%). There were not found significant differences between the outcome of the intervention and the requested medication, the sex, the reason, or the health problem that was the origin of the request. On the other hand, important differences were found in the age of the patients, the requested medication and the result of the intervention. 30 (14.2%) patients were referred to the doctor. Conclusions: The intervention of the pharmacist in the change to an over the counter drug achieved a high acceptance from the patients, which contributes to their correct usage.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Automedicação , Prescrições , Medicamentos sem Prescrição , Farmacêuticos , Acetaminofen , Ibuprofeno , Assistência Farmacêutica , Estudos Transversais
4.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 12(4): 5-20, oct. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-197487

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN: la falta de adherencia implica peor control de la diabetes y aumento del número de complicaciones, lo que a menudo se traduce en un mayor gasto sanitario. Las hipoglucemias, en ocasiones inadvertidas, son una de las principales consecuencias de la no adherencia y su prevención pasa por intervenciones multidisciplinares que ayuden a la mejora de la adherencia. OBJETIVOS: medir la adherencia a hipoglucemiantes, detectar y cuantificar hipoglucemias inadvertidas y recurrentes, conocer la percepción de los pacientes sobre su tratamiento y derivar al médico en casos de no adherencia e hipoglucemias no solucionadas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico, en farmacias comunitarias, realizado a partir de abril de 2019 con diabéticos tipo 2 en tratamiento con hipoglucemiantes que lleven ≥12 meses con la misma pauta. Para la detección de hipoglucemias, los que estén en tratamiento con sulfonilureas, glinidas y/o insulinas. Diseño de un cuestionario con datos sociodemográficos, enfermedades y tratamientos. Utilización del test MMAS-8 para detectar no adherencia y del test de Clarke para hipoglucemias. Si se detecta incumplimiento y/o hipoglucemia y no se puede solucionar por el farmacéutico se derivará al médico de familia. ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO: se utilizará el programa STATA13 para Windows®. Se realizarán análisis bivariados y multivariados. La significación se fijará en p < 0,05. Aplicabilidad de los resultados: se espera conocer la falta de adherencia y los factores que la causan y la prevalencia de las hipoglucemias inadvertidas para, en otro proyecto, establecer un programa de intervención farmacéutica que se muestre eficiente para mejorar la adherencia farmacoterapéutica de los pacientes en tratamiento con hipoglucemiantes y disminuir la aparición de hipoglucemias


INTRODUCTION: Lack of adherence results in worse control of diabetes and an increased number of complications, often resulting in higher healthcare spending. Hypoglycemia, which is sometimes unrecognized, is one of the main consequences of non-adherence to treatment. It is prevented through multidisciplinary interventions which help improve adherence. OBJECTIVES: to measure adherence to hypoglycemic agents, to detect and quantify unrecognized and recurrent hypoglycemia, to learn patients' perceptions of their treatment and refer them to doctors in cases of non-adherence and unsolved hypoglycemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study in community pharmacies, conducted from April 2019 with type 2 diabetics in treatment with hypoglycemic agents for ≥12 months on the same drug regimen. To detect hypoglycemia, those treated with sulfonylureas, glinides and/or insulin. Design of a questionnaire with sociodemographic data, diseases and treatments. Use of the MMAS-8 test for non-adherence and the Clarke hypoglycemia awareness test. If non-compliance and/or hypoglycemia is detected and cannot be resolved by the pharmacist, it will be referred to the family doctor. Statistical analysis: the STATA13 program will be used for Windows®. Bivariate and multivariate analyses will be conducted. Statistical significance will be set at p < 0.05. APPLICABILITY OF THE RESULTS: we hope to gain awareness of the lack of adherence and its causal factors and the prevalence of unrecognized hypoglycemia so that, in another project, an efficient pharmaceutical intervention program can be established to improve adherence to pharmacotherapy of patients treated with hypoglycemic agents and reduce the occurrence of hypoglycemia


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevenção & controle , Adesão à Medicação/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemia/epidemiologia , Farmácias/estatística & dados numéricos , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 12(3): 5-13, jul. 2020. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-191369

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: evaluar la percepción de los usuarios de las farmacias sobre la repercusión de la pandemia COVID-19 en su salud, el conocimiento sobre su posible inclusión en grupos de riesgo y su actitud ante una posible vacuna. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio observacional transversal aleatorizado, en farmacias de Pontevedra y Ourense, desde marzo a junio de 2020 al comienzo y después de la restricción de movimientos. Sujetos: usuarios ≥ 18 años que acuden a las farmacias participantes en demanda de medicamentos y/o material de higiene y protección. Procedimiento: el usuario cumplimentaba un cuestionario anónimo, depositándolo hasta la noche en una bandeja de plástico desinfectada diariamente. El procedimiento se repetirá tras cesar el confinamiento. Resultados de la primera fase: se realizaron 706 encuestas. 415 (58,8 %) mujeres, edad media 48,9 (DE=16,9) años. 100 participantes (14,2 %) viven solos.637 (90,2 %) creen que la COVID-19 es más peligrosa que la gripe, 189 (26,8 %) desconocen estar en algún grupo de riesgo. 107 (15,1 %) dicen sentirse mal o muy mal con el aislamiento. Los aspectos más afectados son: familiar 350 (49,6 %) y emocional 338 (47,9 %). En 2019/20 se vacunaron de la gripe 172 (24,4 %) y en 2020/21 piensan vacunarse 243 (34,4 %). 448 (63,5 %) se vacunarán frente a la COVID-19 cuando exista vacuna, esté o no financiada por el Sistema Nacional de Salud, 183 (25,9 %) se lo pensarán. CONCLUSIONES: los encuestados consideran la COVID-19 más peligrosa que la gripe estacional. En esta primera fase la afectación sobre bienestar y salud no parece elevada. Un alto porcentaje se vacunará frente a la COVID-19


AIMS: to assess the pharmacy users' perception on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their health, the knowledge of their possible inclusion in risk groups and their attitude towards a potential vaccine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized, cross-sectional, observational study in pharmacies of Pontevedra and Ourense, from March to June 2020 at the beginning and after movement restrictions. Subjects: users ≥ 18 years old who go to the participating pharmacies to purchase medicines and/or hygiene and protection material. Procedure: the user completed an anonymous questionnaire, which was then placed until night in a plastic tray that was disinfected daily. The procedure will be repeated after the confinement has been terminated. Results of the first phase: 706 surveys were conducted. 415 (58.8%) women, aged 48.9 9 years on average (SD=16.9). 100 participants (14.2%) live alone. 637 (90.2%) believe that COVID-19 is more dangerous than influenza, 189 (26.8%) don't know if they belong to any risk group. 107 (15.1%) say they feel bad or very bad about isolation. The most affected aspects are: familiar 350 (49.6%) and emotional 338 (47.9%). In 2019/20, 172 (24.4%) were vaccinated against influenza and in 2020/21 243 (34.4%) are planning to get vaccinated. 448 (63.5%) will be vaccinated against COVID-19 when the vaccine is available, whether or not it is financed by the National Health System, and 183 (25.9%) will think about it. CONCLUSIONS: respondents consider COVID-19 more dangerous than seasonal influenza. In this first phase, the impact on well-being and health does not seem to be high. A high percentage of people will be vaccinated against COVID-19


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Pandemias , Farmácias , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais , Distribuição Aleatória
6.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 11(1): 5-13, mar. 2019. graf, tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-186868

RESUMO

Introducción: La adherencia al tratamiento en enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes mellitus (DM) es de vital importancia. El incumplimiento está directamente implicado en el aumento del número de medicamentos prescritos en enfermos crónicos y es una de las causas más importantes de fracaso de los tratamientos. Objetivos: Evaluar en la farmacia comunitaria la prevalencia de no adherencia al tratamiento en DM tipo 2 mediante la realización del cuestionario MMAS-8. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en mayo y junio de 2018. Se seleccionaron pacientes mayores de 45 años, en tratamiento con hipoglucemiantes. Se midió la adherencia farmacoterapéutica mediante la administración del cuestionario (MMAS-8) según la puntuación obtenida en el test y la percepción que tienen sobre su tratamiento. Resultados: Participaron 64 pacientes, 29 (45,3%) mujeres y 35 (54,7) hombres. Las mujeres tenían 65,5 años de edad media (DE=15,3) y los hombres 65,6 años (DE=12,3). La puntuación media del test de MMAS-8 fue de 6,2±2,1, no encontrando diferencias significativas entre sexos. Se encontró que el número de pacientes con baja adherencia fueron 21 (32,8%), con media adherencia 19 (29,7%) y con alta adherencia 24 (37,5%). No se encontró relación entre el porcentaje de adherencia al tratamiento con el sexo, edad, nivel de estudios y condición laboral. La creencia de que el tratamiento mejora la enfermedad y que los medicamentos prescritos son los adecuados aumenta la adherencia. Conclusiones: El cuestionario MMAS-8 se ha mostrado como una herramienta rápida y sencilla para la evaluación de la adherencia del tratamiento en la farmacia comunitaria


Background: The treatment adherence in chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus is of vital importance. Noncompliance is directly implicated in the increase of the prescribed drugs number in chronic patients and is one of the most important causes of treatment failure. Objectives: To evaluate in the community pharmacy the prevalence of non-adherence to treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus by completing the MMAS-8 questionnaire. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in May and June 2018. Patients older than 45 years were selected, in treatment with hypoglycemic agents. Pharmacotherapeutic adherence was measured by administering the questionnaire (MMAS-8) according to the score obtained in the test and the perception they have of their treatment. Results: 64 patients participated, 29 (45.3%) women and 35 (54.7) men. Women ware 65.5 years of age (SD = 15.3) and men 65.6 years (SD = 12.3). The mean score of the MMAS-8 test was 6.2±2.1, not finding significant differences between sexes. It was found that the number of patients with low adherence was 21 (32.8%), with medium adherence 19 (29.7%) and with high adherence 24 (37.5%). No relation was found between the percentage of adherence to treatment with sex, age, level of education and work condition. The belief that the treatment improves the disease and that the prescribed medications are adequate, increases adherence. Conclusions: The MMAS-8 questionnaire has been shown as a quick and simple tool for evaluating the adherence of the treatment in the community pharmacy


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cooperação e Adesão ao Tratamento , Farmácias/normas , Hipoglicemia/tratamento farmacológico , Comercialização de Produtos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Farmácias/organização & administração , Inquéritos e Questionários , Percepção , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Estudos Transversais , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico
7.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 10(3): 15-24, 28 sept., 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-175235

RESUMO

Objetivos: Conocer la opinión de pacientes y farmacéuticos comunitarios (FC) sobre la posible administración de la vacuna antigripal en farmacias y comprobar si una campaña educativa consigue mejorar la intención de vacunación. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional con intervención educativa. Sujetos: usuarios de la farmacia mayores de 45 años. FC ejercientes en la provincia de Pontevedra. Variables pacientes: Demográficas, pertenencia a grupo de riesgo, intención de vacunación antes/después de la intervención, opinión sobre la vacunación en la farmacia. Variables FC: Demográficas, opinión sobre la vacunación por el FC, necesidad de formación, a quién correspondería la acreditación. Procedimiento: Al participante se le explicaba el propósito del estudio y a los no vacunados se les informaba de los beneficios de vacunarse. A 200 FC de Pontevedra se les envió un cuestionario ad hoc. Resultados: Se entrevistó a 157 usuarios, 134 (85,4%) a favor de la vacunación por el FC. Sin diferencias entre sexos, estudios, ni pertenencia a grupo de riesgo. Tras la intervención, de 92 que no pensaban vacunarse, 27 (29,6%) decidieron acudir a hacerlo. 93 respuestas de FC (46,5%). 63 (67,7%) a favor de la vacunación por el FC, con diferencias significativas entre titulares/adjuntos (p<0,05) y socios/no socios de SEFAC (p<0,05). 82 (88,2%) FC opinan que se necesita formación específica para la actividad. Conclusiones: La opinión de que la farmacia debe ser punto de administración de la vacuna antigripal es mayoritaria entre pacientes y farmacéuticos, significativamente mayor en titulares y socios de SEFAC. La intención de vacunación mejoró en un 29,4%


Objectives: To find out the opinion of patients and community pharmacists (CPs) regarding the possible administration of the influenza vaccine in pharmacies and to verify whether an educational campaign manages to improve vaccination intention. Material and methods: Observational study with educational intervention. Subjects: pharmacy users over 45 years old. Practicing CPs in the province of Pontevedra. Patient variables: demographic, membership of the risk group, vaccination intention before/after the intervention, opinion about being vaccinated at the pharmacy. CP variables: demographic, opinion on vaccination by the CP, need for training, to whom the accreditation would correspond. Procedure: the participant was explained the purpose of the study and those who had not been vaccinated were informed of the benefits of getting vaccinated. Two hundred CPs from Pontevedra were sent an ad hoc questionnaire. Results: One hundred fifty-seven users were interviewed, 134 (85.4%) were in favor of being vaccinated by the CP. No differences between sexes, studies, or belonging to a risk group. After the intervention, of 92 who did not plan to get vaccinated, 27 (29.6%) decided to go and do it.93 responses from CPs (46.5%). 63 (67.7%) in favor of the vaccination by CP, with significant differences between owners/assistants (p<0.05) and members/non-members of SEFAC (p<0.05). 82 (88.2%) CPs think that specific training is needed for the activity. Conclusions: The majority of patients and pharmacists believe that the pharmacy should be the point of administration of the influenza vaccine. This is significantly higher among owners and members of SEFAC. Vaccination intention improved by 29.4%


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Opinião Pública , Estudo Observacional , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Entrevistas como Assunto
8.
Pharm. care Esp ; 20(4): 247-268, 2018. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-176662

RESUMO

Introducción: Los pacientes rechazan la dispensación de e-recetas disponibles sin que se pueda comprobar si ello implica incumplimiento terapéutico. La no adherencia limita la efectividad de los tratamientos farmacológicos. Objetivos: Evaluar en una farmacia comunitaria la prevalencia del rechazo de prescripciones disponibles en receta electrónica, los motivos de no retirada, la percepción de los pacientes sobre su tratamiento y la posible relación de estos factores con la falta de adherencia terapéutica. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en noviembre-diciembre de 2017. Se cuantificó la disponibilidad, retirada y no retirada de e-recetas y los motivos referidos. A una muestra de pacientes se realizó el test de Morisky-Green-Levine para evaluar el cumplimiento. Resultados: De 1341 e-recetas disponibles, el 29,6% no fue retirado, siendo el incumplimiento o su sospecha y la posología variable los motivos más frecuentes. Los pensionistas rechazan significativamente más que los activos. En la segunda fase resultó un incumplimiento del 48,5%. No se encontró relación entre no retirada e incumplimiento, aunque el 58,3% de incumplidores no había retirado todas las e-recetas disponibles. Sin relación con sexo, edad, nivel de estudios, condición laboral y número de e-recetas. El 20,2% tiene percepción negativa de su medicación con relación significativa con el incumplimiento. Conclusiones: Pese a no haberse encontrado relación significativa entre incumplimiento y no retirada de todas las e-recetas, este hecho puede utilizarse como indicador de dificultades en la utilización de los medicamentos para ofrecer al paciente acciones de educación para la salud y seguimiento farmacoterapéutico que mejoren el cumplimiento


Background: Patients reject the dispensing of available electronic prescriptions without being able to verify if this implies therapeutic non-compliante. Non-adherence to treatments is a major social problem, which limits effectiveness of them. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of non-dispensation of electronic prescriptions and its possible implications on pharmacotherapeutic non-compliance. Methods: A transversal and observational study conducted during November-December of 2017. Availability, aceptance and rejection of electronic prescriptions were quantified and the reasons of rejections were noted. Morisky-Green-Levine test was applied to a sample of patients in order to determine compliance. Results: Out of 1341 e-prescriptions available, 29.6% were rejections. The most frequent reason was the non-compliance or its suspicion and a variable posology. Pensioners reject significantly more than the actives ones. Genitourinary, musculoskeletal and respiratory are the groups with the highest percentage of rejections. In the second phase, a 48.5% non-compliance resulted. No relationship was found between rejection and non-compliance, although 58.3% of non-compliers had not acepted all available electronic prescriptions. No relation either to sex, age, educational level, employment status and number of electronic prescriptions available. 20.2% have a negative perception of their medication with significant relation to the non-compliance. Conclusions: Despite not having found a significant relationship between non-compliance and rejection of all electronic prescriptions, this fact could be used as an indicator of difficulties in the use of medicines. This would help pharmacist to apply health education actions and to develop pharmacotherapeutic follow-up programs that could improve compliance


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adesão à Medicação , Recusa do Paciente ao Tratamento , Farmácias/organização & administração , Prescrição Eletrônica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudo Observacional , Estudos Transversais , Boas Práticas de Dispensação , Intervalos de Confiança , Inquéritos e Questionários , Prescrição Eletrônica/normas , Quimioterapia Assistida por Computador
9.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 9(4): 5-13, oct.-dic. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169046

RESUMO

Objetivo: Evaluar en las farmacias comunitarias (FC) gallegas la prevalencia de la no adherencia terapéutica en diabetes e hipertensión arterial, identificando factores relacionados con el incumplimiento y la percepción de los pacientes sobre su tratamiento. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo, aleatorizado, realizado en agosto y septiembre de 2016. Se seleccionaron pacientes mayores de edad, en tratamiento con hipoglucemiantes y/o antihipertensivos que llevaban al menos dos meses con la misma pauta terapéutica. Se midió el incumplimiento mediante la administración de tres cuestionarios: Batalla, Haynes-Sacket y Morisky-Green, en una hoja de recogida de datos que incluía los tres, además de las características demográficas de los pacientes. Resultados: Participaron 31 FC en 27 farmacias, que recogieron 1.588 (muestra necesaria: 1.537) cuestionarios válidos: 778 (49,0%) mujeres y 810 (51,0%) hombres, de edad media 67,6±11,1 años. El número de pacientes incumplidores al menos en uno de los tres tests fue de 1.245 (78,4%). El incumplimiento medio resultó del 42,6%. La percepción de los pacientes sobre su tratamiento fue negativa en el 35,6%. El 51,0% desconoce las complicaciones de su enfermedad, el 33,1% olvida tomar su medicación y el 29,5% no cree que los medicamentos que tienen prescritos sean los adecuados. Conclusiones: El incumplimiento de las pautas terapéuticas de DM y HTA en Galicia es elevado, afectando casi a la mitad de los pacientes. Mal conocimiento sobre la enfermedad, menor nivel de estudios, polimedicación, situación pensionista (mayor edad) y percepción negativa sobre sus medicamentos parecen relacionarse con una peor prevalencia del incumplimiento de los tratamientos (AU)


Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of therapeutic noncompliance in diabetes and arterial hypertension in Galician community pharmacies (FC), identifying the factors associated with patients' non-adherence and perception of their treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, randomized study conducted in August and September 2016 among adult patients receiving treatment with hypoglycemic and/or antihypertensive drugs for at least two months with the same treatment regimen. Noncompliance was assessed with the administration of three questionnaires: Batalla, Haynes-Sacket y Morisky-Green, in one page of data collection that included the three questionnaires, as well as the demographic data of each patient. Results: 31 community pharmacies participated in 27 pharmacies and collected 1,588 (sample size: 1,537) valid questionnaires: 778 (49.0%) females and 810 (51.0%) males, aged 67.6±11.1 years on average. The number of non-compliant patients at least in one of the three tests was 1,245 (78.4%). The average noncompliance was 42.6%. Treatment perception was negative for 35.6% of patients. 51.0% of patients ignore the complications of their illness, 33.1% forget to take their medication, and 29.5% do not believe their prescribed medications are suitable. Conclusions: Noncompliance with the therapeutic guidelines for diabetic and hypertension medication in Galicia is high and affects nearly half the patient population. Poor knowledge of the disease, lower level of education, multiple medication, pensioner age (elderly) and negative perception of medications seem to correlate with a higher prevalence of treatment noncompliance (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/organização & administração , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Adesão à Medicação , Satisfação do Paciente , Farmácia/organização & administração , Cooperação do Paciente , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/organização & administração , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Estudos Transversais
10.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 9(2): 5-23, jun. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-164137

RESUMO

Objetivos: Evaluar el estado nutricional de mayores de 65 años con diabetes, que acuden a la farmacia comunitaria y compararlo con el de personas no diabéticas. Método: Estudio observacional-transversal en farmacias españolas por farmacéuticos socios de SEFAC, de 9 de noviembre a 9 de diciembre de 2015. Criterios de Inclusión: ≥65 años, en dos grupos: diabéticos y no diabéticos. Variables: características antropométricas, altura suelo-rodilla (cm), circunferencia braquial (cm), circunferencia de la pantorrilla (cm), diabetes (SÍ/NO) y estado nutricional (cuestionario Mini Nutritional Assessment). Resultados: 1.078 mayores, 652 (60,5%) mujeres de 75,5±7,4 años, 461 (42,8%) diabéticos. 73,4% con sobrepeso/obesidad. IMC=28,6±4,8 sin diferencias significativas entre sexos, mayor en diabéticos (29,0±4,8 vs 28,3±4,8 p=0,0173). 7,5% de diabéticos malnutridos frente al 6,5% de no diabéticos. 39,2% de diabéticos en riesgo de malnutrición frente al 29,8% de no diabéticos. El porcentaje de mujeres en riesgo de malnutrición y/o malnutrición es superior al de hombres (46,3% vs 32,4% p<0,0001). Mayor en mujeres diabéticas frente no diabéticas (52,4% vs 39,3% p=0,0075). 73,1% de diabéticos consideran que tienen problemas de nutrición frente al 80,7% de los no diabéticos p=0,0132. El 30,0% de los diabéticos consideran mejor su estado de salud frente al 45,9% de los no diabéticos. Conclusiones: El 82% de mayores de 65 años presenta malnutrición y/o riesgo de malnutrición, mayor en diabéticos que en no diabéticos y en mujeres que en hombres. 3 de cada 4 mayores de 65 años tienen sobrepeso u obesidad, mayor en hombres que en mujeres, y entre diabéticos que en no diabéticos (AU)


Objectives: To assess the nutritional condition of over 65s with diabetes that go community pharmacies, and compare it to individuals without diabetes. Method: Observational-transversal study in Spanish pharmacies by pharmacists that are SEFAC partners, from November 9 to December 9 2015. Inclusion criteria: ≥65 years old, in two groups: diabetic and non-diabetic. Variables: anthropometric characteristics, floor-knee distance (cm), brachial circumference (cm), calf circumference (cm), diabetes (YES/NO) and nutritional condition (Mini Nutritional Assessment). Results: 1078 elderly; 652 (60.5%) women, 75.5±7.4 years old; 461 (42.8%) diabetic. 73.4% overweight/obese. BMI=28.6±4.8 with no significant differences between genders; higher in diabetics (29.0±4.8 vs. 28.3±4.8 p=0.0173). 7.5% of diabetics presented symptoms of malnutrition vs. 6.5% of non-diabetics. 39.2% of diabetics at risk of malnutrition vs. 29.8% of non-diabetics. There were more women at risk of malnutrition and/or presenting symptoms of malnutrition than men (46.3% vs. 32.4% p>0.0001). Higher in diabetic women than in non-diabetic women (52.4% vs. 39.3% p=0.0075). 73.1% of diabetics believe they suffer from nutritional issues vs. 80.7% of non-diabetics p=0.0132. 30.0% of diabetics believe their health is better vs. 45.9% of non-diabetics. Conclusions: Eighty-two percent of over 65s present symptoms of malnutrition and/or are at risk of malnutrition; the rate is higher among diabetics than non-diabetics and among women than men. Three in every four over 65s are overweight or obese; the rate is higher in men than women and in diabetics than non-diabetics (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Farmácias , Estado Nutricional/fisiologia , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Complicações do Diabetes , Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Sobrepeso/complicações , Obesidade/complicações , Antropometria/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Nível de Saúde , Estudos Transversais/métodos , 28599 , Intervalos de Confiança
11.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 23(1): 0-0, ene.-mar. 2017. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-165147

RESUMO

Fundamentos: El objetivo es conocer el estilo de vida de una muestra de adolescentes respecto a su alimentación y realización de actividad física. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal, multicéntrico, realizado en una 630 alumnos (44,8% niñas y 53,2% niños) de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO) de Cangas (Pontevedra). Se tuvieron en cuenta variables: 1) Sociodemográficas: edad, sexo, antecedentes personales y familiares de hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus; 2) Alimentación: adh erencia a la dieta mediterránea: Cuestionario KIDMED; y 3) Actividad física: Cuestionario PAQ -A. Resultados: Edad media=13,8±1,4. Puntuación KIDMED fue de 4,99±2,18, observándose como disminuye con la edad (r=-0,1761; p<0,001), y en el que el 66,35% present ó una adherencia media (mayor en mujeres), el 21,9% baja y el 11,75% alta. La valoración PAQ -A fue de 2,63±0,67, siendo mayor en niños (2,76±0,66 vs 2,50±0,66; p<0,001), disminuyendo también con la edad (r=-0,1340; p<0,001) y en el que el 79,05% tuvo una a ctividad física moderada, siendo ésta mayor en hombres (p<0,001). Se vio una relación lineal entre la puntuación KIDMED y PAQ -A (r=0,2436; p<0,001). Conclusiones: Casi dos de cada diez alumnos tienen antecedentes familiares de HTA, y poco más del 5% con antecedentes de diabetes en familiares de primer grado. Los hábitos alimentarios, son mejores entre las chicas y empeoran con la edad. Además se vio una moderada ad hesión a la dieta mediterránea y también una moderada actividad física, siendo mayor entre los chicos y a menor edad (AU)


Background: The objective is to know the lifestyle of a sample of adolescents about their diet and physical activity. ethods: Cross-sectional, observational and multicentre study of 630 students of ESO (44.8% of girls and 53.2% of children) in Cangas, Pontevedra. Variables that were taken into account: 1) Sociodemographic: age, sex, personal and family history of hyperte nsion and diabetes mellitus; 2) Food: adherence to the Mediterranean diet: KIDMED questionnaire; and 3) Physical activity: PAQ-A Questionnaire. Results: Mean age=13.8 ± 1.4. The KIDMED score was 4.99±2.18, being observed as decreasing with age (r=-0.1761, p<0.001), and in which 66.35% had an average adherence (greater in women), 21.9% low and 11.75% high adherence. The PAQ-A score was 2.63 ± 0.67, being higher in children (2.76 ± 0.66 vs 2.50±0.66, p<0.001), also decreasing with age (r=-0.1340, p<0.001),and in which 79.05% had moderate physical activity, which was greater in men (p<0.001). A linear relationship was found between the KIDMED score and PAQ -A (r=0.2436, p<0.001). Conclusions: Almost two out of ten students have a family history of hypertension, and little more than 5% have a history of diabetes in first-degree relatives. Food: though eating habits in many studies reviewed, they are better mong girls but worsen with age. Eating habits are better among girls and worsen with age. There was also a moderate adherence to the Mediterranean diet and also a moderate physical activity, being greater among boys and younger (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adolescente , Comportamento Alimentar/fisiologia , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Estilo de Vida , Dieta Mediterrânea , Doenças Cardiovasculares/dietoterapia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Índice de Massa Corporal , Alimentação Escolar , Serviços de Saúde Escolar , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Antropometria/instrumentação , Antropometria/métodos
12.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 63(10): 511-518, 2016 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27746114

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The current guidelines for treatment of high blood pressure do not include any section dedicated to hypertension in children and adolescents or to cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention strategies in that age group. Our study was aimed at identifying cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in an adolescent sample. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of a sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17years (n=630), conducted from October 2014 to February 2015 in four schools in Cangas do Morrazo (Pontevedra). Sociodemographic variables: age, sex, personal and family history of hypertension and diabetes (DM). Anthropometric variables: body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), waist circumference (WC, cm), waist/height index (WHI), blood pressure (mmHg). RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 295 female and 335 male adolescents (mean age: 13.8±1.4). CVR-related conditions: hypercholesterolemia (7.1%), CVD (1.7%), hypertension (0.8%) and diabetes (0.3%). BMI (22.0±3,8) was higher in males (22.4±3.8 vs. 21.0±3.2; P<.01). Overweight was greater in females (27.6% vs. 19.7%; P<.05). Seven percent of subjects were obese, 63.8% had systolic BP >P90 and 23.7% had diastolic BP >P90. Waist circumference positively correlated with age (r=0.1669; P<.0001) and was greater in males (75.4±10.9 vs. 72.9±8.9; P<0.01); 27.1% of adolescents had a waist circumference >P75, and 7.5% >P90. Eighty-four (13.3%) adolescents had two CVRFs (overweight+another). CONCLUSIONS: Despite their young age, more than 10% of school children had two CVRFs. Abnormal SBP levels were seen in more than 50%, 20% were overweight, and only 75% had normal waist circumference values.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Antropometria , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Hipercolesterolemia/epidemiologia , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Socioeconômicos
13.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 8(3): 5-11, sept. 2016. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156547

RESUMO

Introducción: Los cuidadores familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer (CFEA) sufren sobrecarga y psicopatologías derivadas del cuidado. Objetivo: comparar el estado de sobrecarga, ansiedad, depresión y apoyo social percibido por los CFEA que pertenecen a una asociación de familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer (AFA) y los que no pertenecen y son atendidos en farmacia comunitaria. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal. 175 CFEA, divididos en dos grupos. Uno de 25 CFEA captado entre cuidadores que acuden regularmente a una farmacia y no pertenecían a ninguna asociación (FCIA). El segundo grupo (AFA) de 150 CFEA pertenecientes a 7 AFA de Galicia. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas y se administraron los cuestionarios: inventario de depresión de Beck, STAI-Cuestionario de ansiedad, escala de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit, escala Duke-UNC del apoyo social percibido. Resultados: En los dos grupos el perfil de cuidador corresponde con una mujer de 56 años, familiar de primer grado del EA, con estudios primarios. Sin diferencias significativas entre grupos en edad (p=0,931) ni nivel educativo (p=0,508). Tampoco se encontraron diferencias en estado civil (p=0,468), ni en situación laboral (p= 0,851). Diferencias significativas: ansiedad, sobrecarga y apoyo social. El grupo AFA obtuvo puntuaciones más altas en sobrecarga (t=3,162; p=0,002), ansiedad (t=2,054; p=0,046) y apoyo social percibido (t=2,755; p=0,006). Sin diferencias significativas en depresión (t=-0,881; p=0,380). Conclusiones: Los cuidadores familiares del grupo AFA mostraron mayor sobrecarga y ansiedad. Los resultados de este trabajo respaldan la utilidad del farmacéutico comunitario en la detección de psicopatologías asociadas al cuidado del EA y la atención a los cuidadores (AU)


Introduction: Family caregivers of Alzheimer patients (FCAP) suffer from excessive burdens and psychopathologies deriving from the care. Objective: compare the level of excessive burdens, anxiety, depression and social support perceived by FCAPs who belong to a family members of Alzheimer patients association (FAA) and those who don’t and are attended to at the community pharmacy. Methods: Observational transversal study. 175 FCAPs, divided into two groups. One with 25 FCAPs formed by caregivers who go regularly to a pharmacy and don’t belong to an association (FAA). The second group (FAA) of 150 FCAPs belonging to 7 FAAs in Galicia. Sociodemographic variables were recorded and questionnaires were handed out: Beck Depression Inventory, STAI-Anxiety questionnaire, Zarit caregiver burden scale, Duke-UNC scale of perceived social support. Results: In both groups the profile of the caregiver is a 56 year old woman, direct family member of the Alzheimer’s patient with primary education. There are no significant differences between the groups in age (p=0.931) or educational level (p=0.508). Nor were there differences in marital status (p=0.468) or employment status (p=0.851). Significant differences: anxiety, burden and social support. The FAA had higher scores in burden (t=3.162; p=0.002), anxiety (t=2.054; p=0.046) and perceived social support (t=2.755; p=0.006). There were no significant differences in depression (t=0.881; p=0.380). Conclusions: Family caregivers of the FAA group displayed higher levels of burden and anxiety. The results of this study support the use of community pharmacies for detecting psychopathologies associated with caring for Alzheimer’s patients and healthcare for caregivers (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Cuidadores , Psicopatologia , Apoio Social , Espanha , Farmácias , Estudo Observacional , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Sociológicos
14.
Endocrinol Nutr ; 63(8): 387-96, 2016 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27481442

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect people at risk of suffering diabetes or changes in carbohydrate metabolism and to refer them for possible diagnosis to health care centres. The number of diagnoses and costs for the pharmacy were recorded. METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in community pharmacies in Pontevedra in September-October of 2014. The Findrisc questionnaire was completed by pharmacy users over 18 years old. If Findrisc score was ≥ 15, capillary blood glucose was measured, and the participant was referred to a physician if the value was ≥110mg/dL. The main variables included score in the Findrisc questionnaire, number of diabetes diagnosed, and cost of the service. Differences between the groups were calculated using a Chi-squared test, a Student's t test, and/or a Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: This study was conducted in 180 pharmacies on a sample of 4,222 users, including 992 (23.5%) with a high or very high risk of diabetes (F≥15). In the 1,060 basal capillary blood glucose tests performed, mean glucose level was 110.2 (SD=20.4)mg/dL (56-254). The Galician Health Service sent information about 83 of the 384 (9.1%) subjects referred to a physician: 28 (33.7%) of them were diagnosed with diabetes (3.1% of the sample), and 26 (31.3%) were diagnosed with prediabetes (2.8% of the sample). Cost per diagnosed subject was € 184.22 per subject with diabetes and € 96.86 per subject with prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of subjects with new diagnosis of diabetes (3.1%) shows the high efficiency of a screening program for hidden diabetics implemented at community pharmacies as the one presented here.


Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/organização & administração , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiologia , Humanos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
16.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 7(2): 14-24, jun. 2015. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137440

RESUMO

Objetivo: Detectar personas con riesgo alto/muy alto de padecer diabetes y derivarlas al médico, evaluar en la muestra la prevalencia de los distintos factores de riesgo y realizar una intervención educativa mínima sobre éstos en todos los usuarios participantes. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en noviembre de 2014. Se incluyeron usuarios de la farmacia, mayores de 18 años, no diagnosticados de diabetes y que aceptaron realizar la encuesta. Muestreo no probabilístico. Variable principal: puntuación obtenida en el cuestionario Findrisc. Otras: características demográficas, IMC, perímetro de cintura, glucemia capilar (si F≥15), medicación, intervención, tiempo empleado. Resultados: Participaron 90 farmacéuticos de las 17 comunidades autónomas. Realizaron 1.520 cuestionarios Findrisc. La puntuación media de la muestra fue de 10,9 (DE=5,1). El número de individuos con riesgo alto o muy alto fue de 370 (24,3%) de los 1.520 encuestados. 207, el 55,9% de aquellos y el 13,6% de la muestra total, tenían glucemia ≥110 mg/dL y se derivaron al médico. Existe relación directa entre el número de medicamentos utilizados y el riesgo de diabetes. El tiempo empleado en la intervención fue de 9,9 (DE=5,1) minutos. Conclusiones: El alto porcentaje de participantes con riesgo alto/muy alto de padecer diabetes que son derivados al médico de familia para valorar su situación, avala la eficiencia de la farmacia en este tipo de cribados. La intervención educativa realizada con los participantes supone una llamada de atención sobre la importancia del estilo de vida saludable orientado a la prevención de las enfermedades metabólicas (AU)


Objective: To detect people at high or very high risk of suffering diabetes and refer them to the physician; to evaluate the prevalence of the different risk factors in the study sample; and to target minimum educational intervention to such factors in all the participating pharmacy users. Material and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out in November 2014. Pharmacy users over 18 years of age, not diagnosed with diabetes and who agreed to participate in the survey were included in the study. Non-probabilistic sampling was made. Primary endpoint: Findrisc questionnaire score. Others: demographic characteristics, body mass index, waist circumference, capillary blood glucose (if F≥15), medication, intervention, time taken. Results: Ninety pharmacists from the 17 Spanish Autonomous Communities participated. A total of 1520 Findrisc questionnaires were administered. The mean sample score was 10.9 (SD=5.1). Of the 1520 surveyed individuals, 370 were at high or very high risk (24.3%). A total of 207 of these subjects (55.9% and 13.6% of the global sample) presented blood glucose ≥110 mg/dl and were referred to the physician. There is a direct association between the number of medicines used and diabetes risk. The duration of the intervention was 9.9 (SD=5.1) minutes. Conclusions: The large percentage of participants with a high or very high risk of suffering diabetes who are referred to the general practitioner for evaluation warrants the efficiency of pharmacies in screening initiatives of this kind. The described educational intervention underscores the importance of a healthy lifestyle in preventing metabolic diseases (AU)


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/estatística & dados numéricos , Diagnóstico Precoce , Encaminhamento e Consulta , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Inquéritos de Morbidade , Fatores de Risco
17.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 13(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-141533

RESUMO

Objectives: To evaluate the profile of family caregivers of Alzheimer´s disease patients, identify any signs of psychopathology, quantify the level of perceived burden on the caregiver, and determine the caregiver’s relationship with their pharmacist. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a community pharmacy in Pontevedra, Spain. Demographic variables were collected, and the following questionnaires were administered: the Beck Depression Inventory-II, STAI-Anxiety Questionnaire, Zarit Burden Scale, family APGAR scale, and the Duke-UNC questionnaire. Results: The typical caregiver profile consists of a 55-year old first degree relative (mostly daughters) with a primary education who belongs to a functional or mildly dysfunctional family. Nearly one quarter (24%) of caregivers had a high perception of burden, with anxiety in 20% of caregivers and symptoms of depression in 20%. Family caregivers usually went to the same pharmacy as the patients (96%), were treated with psychotropic drugs (68%), and interacted with the pharmacist (92%). Conclusion: This study confirmed that psychological distress and burden is present among family caregivers. Care for caregivers should be integrated into patient care as part of a national plan, including grants and subsidies, which will result in better care of Alzheimer's patients. Pharmacists are the most accessible health care professionals and can provide information about Alzheimer's disease management to caregivers to ease the burden of care (AU)


Objetivos: Evaluar el perfil de los familiares cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer, identificar signos de psicopatología, cuantificar el nivel de sobrecarga percibido en el cuidador, y determinar la relación del cuidador con su farmacéutico. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en una farmacia comunitaria de Pontevedra, España. Se recogieron las variables demográficas y se administraron los siguientes cuestionarios: el Beck Depression Inventory-II, el cuestionario STAI-Anxiety, la escala Zarit Burden, la escala familiar APGAR, y el cuestionario Duke-UNC. Resultados: El perfil típico del cuidador consiste en un pariente en primer grado (generalmente hijas) de 55 años con educación primaria que pertenece a una familia funcional o ligeramente disfuncional. Casi un cuarto (24%) de los cuidadores tiene una percepción de elevada sobrecarga, con ansiedad en el 20% de los cuidadores y síntomas de depresión en el 20%. Los familiares cuidadores generalmente (96%) iban a la misma farmacia que fueron los enfermos, estaban tratados con fármacos psicotrópicos (68%), e interactuaban con el farmacéutico (92%). Conclusión: Este estudio confirma que el estrés psicológico y la sobrecarga están presentes entre los familiares cuidadores. El cuidado del cuidador debería estar integrado en los cuidados del paciente como un plan nacional, incluyendo subsidios, que producirán una mejor atención de los pacientes con Alzheimer. Los farmacéuticos son los profesionales más accesibles y pueden proporcionar información sobre el manejo de la enfermedad de Alzheimer a los cuidadores para reducir la sobrecarga (AU)


Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Cuidadores/psicologia , Família/psicologia , Farmácia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtornos de Ansiedade/complicações , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Pessoal de Saúde/organização & administração , Pessoal de Saúde/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Espanha/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais/normas , Estudos Transversais
18.
Farm. comunitarios (Internet) ; 7(1): 32-37, mar. 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-137448

RESUMO

Introducción: El cuidado diario de un familiar enfermo de Alzheimer (EA) supondrá un estrés emocional y físico importante para el cuidador. El resultado puede desembocar en un intenso sentimiento de sobrecarga y conducir a diversas psicopatologías como depresión, ansiedad, agresividad, astenia psicofísica, etc. El aumento en la incidencia de la enfermedad está provocando escasez de cuidadores y falta de apoyo social e institucional a las familias que se encargan de cuidar a un EA. Objetivos: Revisar las características del apoyo que las estructuras sociales y sanitarias prestan a los cuidadores informales (CI) de EA, conocer su perfil, la percepción que tienen de su situación y su estado de ánimo, detectar posibles psicopatologías que les afecten, cuantificar el nivel de sobrecarga, evaluar el apoyo social percibido, el grado de satisfacción familiar y la relación con su farmacia habitual. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el que participan CI de EA no institucionalizados, reclutados en las asociaciones de familiares de EA de Galicia, mayores de 18 años y que den su consentimiento informado. Variable principal: puntuación del test de Zarit de sobrecarga del cuidador. Otras: socio-demográficas, ansiedad (STAI), depresión (Beck) y apoyo social (Duke-UNC) y familiar (APGAR) percibido. Discusión: Los resultados de la metodología implementada en este estudio pueden servir para desarrollar programas similares en la farmacia comunitaria, en la que los farmacéuticos comunitarios colaboren en la detección de posibles psicopatologías, y contribuir, mediante la prestación de servicios profesionales, a conseguir una mejora en la calidad de vida y estado de salud de los cuidadores (AU)


Introduction: Daily care for a relative who is an Alzheimer’s patient (AP) entails a significant emotional and physical stress for the caregiver. This can result in an intense feeling of overload and lead to diverse psychopathologies as depression, anxiety, aggressiveness, psychophysical asthenia, etc. The increase in the rate of occurrence of the disease is causing a shortage of caregivers and a lack of social and institutional support to the families responsible for caring for an AP. Objectives: To review the characteristics of the support that the social and healthcare structures provide informal caregivers (IC) of AP, to get to know their profile, the perception they have of their situation and their state of mind, to detect psychopathologies that may affect them, to quantify their level of overload and to evaluate the social support perceived, the current degree of family satisfaction and the relationship with their regular pharmacist. Methods: Crossover descriptive study involving IC of non-institutionalized AP, recruited in associations for relatives of AP in Galicia, who are over 18 years of age and have given their informed consent. Primary variable: score on the Zarit overload scale for the caregiver. Others: socio-demographic, anxiety (STAI), depression (Beck) and the social (Duke-UNC) and family support (APGAR) perceived. Discussion: The results of the method implemented in this study be used to develop similar programs in the community pharmacy, in which the community pharmacists collaborate in the detection of possible psychopathologies, and through the provision of professionals services help to improve the quality of life and state of health of the caregiver (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/tendências , Doença de Alzheimer/epidemiologia , Relações Profissional-Família , Carga de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidadores/estatística & dados numéricos , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Apoio Social
19.
Pharm. pract. (Granada, Internet) ; 5(1): 21-30, ene.-mar. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-64299

RESUMO

Only one study evaluated the scientific activity in community pharmacies in Spain, and it was restricted to articles published in just two journals. Objective: To assess the scientific activity in community pharmacies in Spain through a bibliometric analysis of the original papers published during the years 1995-2005. Methods: IPA, MEDLINE, CSIC database and the journals Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico y Pharmaceutical Care España were used as data sources. Production indicators, consumption indicators and the impact factor (IF) as a repercussion index were analyzed. Results: 122 articles were included in the review. The articles were published in 12 journals, 78.7% of them in Pharmaceutical Care España and Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico. The mean number of authors per article was 4.2 (SD=2.1). The transitivity index was 71.3%. The total number of references cited in the articles was 2110. The mean number of references per article was 17.3 SD=9.3. The value of the insularity index was 57.6%. Self citation was 6.8% and the Price index was 66.5%. No impact factor was available for 6 journals. Conclusions: Publication of articles on community pharmacy-based research in Spain has undergone an important increase in the last 5 years. The existence of authors who publish very few studies, the high insularity index and the lack of randomized, controlled trials may be considered as negative indicators in community pharmacy-based research in Spain (AU)


Sólo existe un estudio bibliométrico conocido sobre investigación en farmacia comunitaria en España, y estaba centrado en los trabajos publicados únicamente en dos revistas. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad científica en investigación en farmacia comunitaria en España realizando un análisis bibliométrico de los artículos originales publicados entre los años 1995-2005. Métodos: Se utilizaron como fuentes de datos IPA, MEDLINE, la base de datos del CSIC y las revistas Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico y Pharmaceutical Care España. Se analizaron indicadores de producción, indicadores de consumo e indicadores de repercusión de los artículos publicados. Resultados: Se incluyeron 122 artículos en la revisión. Los artículos fueron publicados en 12 revistas, el 78,7% en Pharmaceutical Care España y Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico. El número medio de autores por artículo fue 4,2 (DE=2,1). El índice de transitoriedad fue de 71,3%. El número total de referencias encontradas en los artículos fue de 2110 (17,3 DE=9,3 por artículo). El índice de aislamiento fue de 57,6%, el porcentaje de autocitación de 6,8% y el índice de Price de 66,5%. No se pudo estudiar el FI de 6 revistas. Conclusiones: La publicación de artículos de investigación en la farmacia comunitaria en España ha experimentado un crecimiento importante en los últimos 5 años. La existencia de autores que publican muy poco, el elevado índice de aislamiento y la falta de estudios experimentales controlados y aleatorizados pueden considerarse como indicadores negativos de la investigación en farmacia comunitaria en España (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Bibliometria , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia/tendências , Autoria , Espanha
20.
Pharm Pract (Granada) ; 5(1): 21-30, 2007 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25214914

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Only one study evaluated the scientific activity in community pharmacies in Spain, and it was restricted to articles published in just two journals. OBJECTIVE: To assess the scientific activity in community pharmacies in Spain through a bibliometric analysis of the original papers published during the years 1995-2005. METHODS: IPA, MEDLINE, CSIC database and the journals Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico y Pharmaceutical Care España were used as data sources. Production indicators, consumption indicators and the impact factor (IF) as a repercussion index were analyzed. RESULTS: 122 articles were included in the review. The articles were published in 12 journals, 78.7% of them in Pharmaceutical Care España and Seguimiento Farmacoterapéutico. The mean number of authors per article was 4.2 (SD=2.1). The transitivity index was 71.3%. The total number of references cited in the articles was 2110. The mean number of references per article was 17.3 SD=9.3. The value of the insularity index was 57.6%. Self citation was 6.8% and the Price index was 66.5%. No impact factor was available for 6 journals. CONCLUSIONS: Publication of articles on community pharmacy-based research in Spain has undergone an important increase in the last 5 years. The existence of authors who publish very few studies, the high insularity index and the lack of randomized, controlled trials may be considered as negative indicators in community pharmacy-based research in Spain.

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