Lung nodule localization in hybrid room before minimally invasive thoracic surgery: series of 20 cases and literature review.

OBJECTIVE: To describe an experience in the preoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules and ground-glass lesions to guide minimally invasive thoracic surgery; in addition, a literature review was conducted, including the main advantages and disadvantages of the different agents used, and site marking in a hybrid operating room. METHODS: A retrospective search was conducted in a Interventional Radiology Department database, between March 2015 and May 2019, to identify patients undergoing preoperative percutaneous marking of lung injuries measuring up to 25mm. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were included and submitted to descriptive analysis. All patients were marked in a hybrid room, at the same surgical-anesthetic time. Most often used markers were guidewire, Lipiodol® and microcoils. Despite one case of coil displacement, two cases of pneumothorax, and one case of hypotension after marking, all lesions were identified and resected accordingly from all patients. CONCLUSION: Preoperative percutaneous localization of lung injuries in hybrid room is an effective and a safe technique, which can have decisive impact on surgical resection. The choice of marker and of the operating room scenario should be based on availability and experience of service. Multidisciplinary discussions with surgical teams, pathologists, and interventional radiologists are crucial to improve outcome of patients.

Lung nodule localization in hybrid room before minimally invasive thoracic surgery: series of 20 cases and literature review

ABSTRACT Objective To describe an experience in the preoperative localization of small pulmonary nodules and ground-glass lesions to guide minimally invasive thoracic surgery; in addition, a literature review was conducted, including the main advantages and disadvantages of the different agents used, and site marking in a hybrid operating room. Methods A retrospective search was conducted in a Interventional Radiology Department database, between March 2015 and May 2019, to identify patients undergoing preoperative percutaneous marking of lung injuries measuring up to 25mm. Results A total of 20 patients were included and submitted to descriptive analysis. All patients were marked in a hybrid room, at the same surgical-anesthetic time. Most often used markers were guidewire, Lipiodol® and microcoils. Despite one case of coil displacement, two cases of pneumothorax, and one case of hypotension after marking, all lesions were identified and resected accordingly from all patients. Conclusion Preoperative percutaneous localization of lung injuries in hybrid room is an effective and a safe technique, which can have decisive impact on surgical resection. The choice of marker and of the operating room scenario should be based on availability and experience of service. Multidisciplinary discussions with surgical teams, pathologists, and interventional radiologists are crucial to improve outcome of patients.

CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm: technical aspects and factors influencing accuracy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CT-CNB) of pulmonary nodules ≤ 2 cm, as well as to identify factors influencing the accuracy of the procedure and its morbidity. METHODS: This was a retrospective, single-center study of 170 consecutive patients undergoing CT-CNB of small pulmonary nodules (of ≤ 2 cm) between January of 2010 and August of 2015. RESULTS: A total of 156 CT-CNBs yielded a definitive diagnosis, the overall diagnostic accuracy being 92.3%. Larger lesions were associated with a higher overall accuracy (OR = 1.30; p = 0.007). Parenchymal hemorrhage occurring during the procedure led to lower accuracy rates (OR = 0.13; p = 0.022). Pneumothorax was the most common complication. A pleura-to-lesion distance > 3 cm was identified as a risk factor for pneumothorax (OR = 16.94), whereas performing a blood patch after biopsy was a protective factor for pneumothorax (OR = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: Small nodules (of < 2 cm) represent a technical challenge for diagnosis. CT-CNB is an excellent diagnostic tool, its accuracy being high.

CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of pulmonary nodules smaller than 2 cm: technical aspects and factors influencing accuracy / Biópsia percutânea com agulha grossa, guiada por TC, de nódulos pulmonares menores que 2 cm: aspectos técnicos e fatores que influenciam a precisão

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CT-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CT-CNB) of pulmonary nodules ≤ 2 cm, as well as to identify factors influencing the accuracy of the procedure and its morbidity. Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study of 170 consecutive patients undergoing CT-CNB of small pulmonary nodules (of ≤ 2 cm) between January of 2010 and August of 2015. Results: A total of 156 CT-CNBs yielded a definitive diagnosis, the overall diagnostic accuracy being 92.3%. Larger lesions were associated with a higher overall accuracy (OR = 1.30; p = 0.007). Parenchymal hemorrhage occurring during the procedure led to lower accuracy rates (OR = 0.13; p = 0.022). Pneumothorax was the most common complication. A pleura-to-lesion distance > 3 cm was identified as a risk factor for pneumothorax (OR = 16.94), whereas performing a blood patch after biopsy was a protective factor for pneumothorax (OR = 0.18). Conclusions: Small nodules (of < 2 cm) represent a technical challenge for diagnosis. CT-CNB is an excellent diagnostic tool, its accuracy being high.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a precisão diagnóstica da biópsia percutânea com agulha grossa, guiada por TC - doravante denominada BAG-TC - de nódulos pulmonares ≤ 2 cm, bem como identificar fatores que influenciam a precisão do procedimento e sua morbidade. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, realizado em um único centro, com 170 pacientes consecutivos submetidos a BAG-TC de nódulos pulmonares pequenos (≤ 2 cm) entre janeiro de 2010 e agosto de 2015. Resultados: Do total de biópsias, 156 resultaram em diagnóstico definitivo, com precisão diagnóstica global de 92,3%. Lesões maiores estiveram relacionadas com maior precisão global (OR = 1,30; p = 0,007). A presença de hemorragia parenquimatosa durante o procedimento resultou em menor precisão (OR = 0,13; p = 0,022). Pneumotórax foi a complicação mais comum. Uma distância > 3 cm entre a lesão e a pleura foi identificada como fator de risco de pneumotórax (OR = 16,94), ao passo que a realização de tampão sanguíneo após a biópsia foi um fator de proteção contra o pneumotórax (OR = 0,18). Conclusões: O diagnóstico de nódulos pequenos (< 2 cm) é um desafio do ponto de vista técnico. A BAG-TC é uma excelente ferramenta diagnóstica, cuja precisão é alta.

Prostate cancer recurrence in vas deferens - fusion image guide as an important tool in dignosis

ABSTRACT The biochemical recurrence after local treatment for prostate cancer is an often challenging condition of clinical management. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the importance of the association of various imaging methods in the identification and subsequent accurate percutaneous biopsy in patients with recurrence of prostate cancer, especially in unusual sites. An 86 years old male with biochemical recurrence, during radiological investigation a PET-MRI was noted the presence of an asymmetry of the vas deferens with PSMA-68Ga uptaken, suggesting the recurrence. A percutaneous fusion biopsy with PET-MRI and ultrasound was performed using transrectal access using ultrasound confirming infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the wall of the vas deferens, compatible with neoplastic prostate recurrence. The fusion image technique combines the real-time view of the US to the possibility of higher definition and higher specificity, methods more anatomical detail as tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, simultaneously. High resolution acquired in PET / MR associated with image fusion allows orientation procedures, even in areas of difficult access, with greater accuracy than conventional techniques.

Prostate cancer recurrence in vas deferens - fusion image guide as an important tool in dignosis.

The biochemical recurrence after local treatment for prostate cancer is an often challenging condition of clinical management. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the importance of the association of various imaging methods in the identification and subsequent accurate percutaneous biopsy in patients with recurrence of prostate cancer, especially in unusual sites. An 86 years old male with biochemical recurrence, during radiological investigation a PET-MRI was noted the presence of an asymmetry of the vas deferens with PSMA- 68Ga uptaken, suggesting the recurrence. A percutaneous fusion biopsy with PET-MRI and ultrasound was performed using transrectal access using ultrasound confirming infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the wall of the vas deferens, compatible with neoplastic prostate recurrence. The fusion image technique combines the real-time view of the US to the possibility of higher definition and higher specificity, methods more anatomical detail as tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, simultaneously. High resolution acquired in PET / MR associated with image fusion allows orientation procedures, even in areas of difficult access, with greater accuracy than conventional techniques.

Applications for a hybrid operating room in thoracic surgery: from multidisciplinary procedures to --image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

The concept of a hybrid operating room represents the union of a high-complexity surgical apparatus with state-of-the-art radiological tools (ultrasound, CT, fluoroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging), in order to perform highly effective, minimally invasive procedures. Although the use of a hybrid operating room is well established in specialties such as neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery, it has rarely been explored in thoracic surgery. Our objective was to discuss the possible applications of this technology in thoracic surgery, through the reporting of three cases. RESUMO O conceito de sala híbrida traduz a união de um aparato cirúrgico de alta complexidade com recursos radiológicos de última geração (ultrassom, TC, radioscopia e/ou ressonância magnética), visando a realização de procedimentos minimamente invasivos e altamente eficazes. Apesar de bem estabelecido em outras especialidades, como neurocirurgia e cirurgia cardiovascular, o uso da sala hibrida ainda é pouco explorado na cirurgia torácica. Nosso objetivo foi discutir as aplicações e as possibilidades abertas por essa tecnologia na cirurgia torácica através do relato de três casos.

Applications for a hybrid operating room in thoracic surgery: from multidisciplinary procedures to ­­image-guided video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery / Usos da sala híbrida em cirurgia torácica: de procedimentos multidisciplinares à cirurgia toracoscópica videoassistida guiada por imagem

ABSTRACT The concept of a hybrid operating room represents the union of a high-complexity surgical apparatus with state-of-the-art radiological tools (ultrasound, CT, fluoroscopy, or magnetic resonance imaging), in order to perform highly effective, minimally invasive procedures. Although the use of a hybrid operating room is well established in specialties such as neurosurgery and cardiovascular surgery, it has rarely been explored in thoracic surgery. Our objective was to discuss the possible applications of this technology in thoracic surgery, through the reporting of three cases.

RESUMO O conceito de sala híbrida traduz a união de um aparato cirúrgico de alta complexidade com recursos radiológicos de última geração (ultrassom, TC, radioscopia e/ou ressonância magnética), visando a realização de procedimentos minimamente invasivos e altamente eficazes. Apesar de bem estabelecido em outras especialidades, como neurocirurgia e cirurgia cardiovascular, o uso da sala hibrida ainda é pouco explorado na cirurgia torácica. Nosso objetivo foi discutir as aplicações e as possibilidades abertas por essa tecnologia na cirurgia torácica através do relato de três casos.

Imagem no trauma de face / Imaging in facial trauma

O trauma é uma importante causa demorbimortalidade em todo o mundo e, nesse contexto, o trauma de face é considerado uma das lesões maisdevastadoras, devido às possíveis lesões encefálicas e às consequências emocionais relacionadas a deformidadesestéticas. Os principais mecanismos de trauma envolvidos nessas lesões são acidentes automobilístico, seguidode agressões, queda de altura e acidentes esportivos. A tomografia computadorizada, amplamente utilizadano trauma, tornou-se o método de imagem de escolha na avaliação desses pacientes, sendo importante naidentificação precisa das estruturas comprometidas, orientando a melhor abordagem terapêutica. As diversasformas de apresentação do trauma de face vêm se mostrando verdadeiros desafios na reconstrução funcionale estética desses pacientes, logo, a boa comunicação entre os diversos profissionais envolvidos no tratamento desses pacientes é essencial, especialmente entre radiologistase cirurgiões. Os objetivos desta revisão são descrever os principais tipos de fraturas de face e discorrer sobre osachados de imagem mais relevantes no seu tratamento.

Trauma is an important cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Facial trauma is consideredone of the most devastating lesions seen in trauma centers due to the possibility of brain lesions and the emotional consequences related to facial deformities. The most commonmechanism that produces facial fractures is motor vehicle accident, followed by other blunt traumas like falls, aggression and sport accidents. Computed tomography (CT) has become the imaging standard of reference inevaluating these injuries and then give support for the clinicians and surgeons to approach such injuries in a logicaland systematic fashion. The many presentations of facial trauma have proven to be real challenges in the functional and aesthetic reconstruction of these patients and so, goodcommunication between the various professionals involved in the treatment of these patients is essential, especiallybetween radiologists and surgeons. The objective of this review is to describe the main types of facial fractures andto discuss the most relevant imaging findings for the best choice of treatment.

Ultrasound-guided biopsy of transplanted pancreas: evaluation of 20 cases / Biópsia de pâncreas transplantado guiada por ultrassonografia: avaliação de 20 casos

Objective: To report the experience with percutaneous biopsies of pancreatic grafts guided by ultrasonography. Methods: Series of cases referred from outpatient's clinic for biopsy of pancreas transplant, between December 2006 and March 2008. Data were collected from medical electronic records for age, sex and histopathology. The indication for the procedure was obtained from medical and laboratory records. Doppler ultrasonography was performed for control and to guide biopsy in real time. Results: Twenty patients referred for biopsy of their transplanted pancreas over a one-year period were evaluated. In one patient, biopsy was not performed for having no safe access for ultrasound. It was used 18 gauge needles, mostly automatic-cut type. The main indications were increased blood glucose and pancreatic enzyme levels as well as reduction of urinary amylase. The sonographic aspect of the pancreatic graft was normal in 18 cases. In all 19 biopsies performed, satisfactory samples for histopathological study were obtained. There were no complications. Conclusions: This series of cases demonstrated low sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in diagnosis of pancreatic transplants disorders, but showed to be very useful to guide transplanted pancreas biopsies. Although no complications occurred in this experience, the risk-benefit relation should always be assessed for every patient.

Objetivo: Relatar experiência com biópsias percutâneas de enxerto pancreático guiadas por ultrassonografia. Métodos: Série de casos encaminhados ambulatorialmente para biópsia de pâncreas transplantado no período de dezembro de 2006 a março de 2008. Dados referentes à idade, sexo e resultados histopatológicos foram colhidos a partir dos registros de prontuários eletrônicos. A indicação do procedimento foi obtida a partir dos pedidos médicos bem como de registros laboratoriais. A ultrassonografia com Doppler foi realizada para controle antes e após o procedimento e para guiar a punção em tempo real. Resultados: Vinte pacientes encaminhados para biópsia de pâncreas transplantado no período de um ano foram avaliados. Em um paciente, a biópsia não foi realizada por falta de uma via de acesso segura por ultrassom. O aspecto ultrassonográfico do órgão transplantado foi normal em 18 casos. Em todas as 19 biópsias executadas, foram obtidas amostras satisfatórias para o estudo histopatológico e não houve complicações. Conclusões: Esta série de casos reforça as baixas sensibilidade e especificidade da ultrassonografia no diagnóstico de disfunções de enxertos pancreáticos, porém mostra sua grande utilidade no auxílio de biópsias do órgão transplantado. Apesar de não terem ocorrido complicações nesta experiência, o procedimento deve sempre ser avaliado quanto ao risco-benefício para todos os pacientes.

Injeção percutânea de trombina guiada por ultra-som com Doppler colorido para o tratamento de pseudo-aneurismas femorais / Doppler ultrasound-guided percutaneous thrombin injection for treating femoral pseudoaneurysms

Objetivos: Avaliar a taxa de sucesso de injeção percutânea detrombina, guiada por ultra-som com Doppler para o tratamento de pseudo-aneurismas femorais. Métodos: Vinte e três pacientes compseudo-aneurismas femorais foram tratados com injeção percutâneade trombina guiada por ultra-som com Doppler, entre Setembro de2003 e Outubro de 2007. O tamanho do pseudo-aneurisma, a dosede trombina utilizada, o resultado da terapia e as complicações foramdocumentados prospectivamente. Outros aspectos analisados foramo tipo de procedimento que causou o pseudo-aneurisma (cateterismodiagnóstico, angioplastia, colocação do stent), o tamanho dointrodutor endovascular, a utilização dos dispositivos hemostáticos eo índice de massa corpórea (IMC) do paciente. Resultados: Um totalde 27 injeções de trombina foram realizadas. O diâmetro transversomédio foi de 3,5 cm. A dose média de trombina injetada foi de 666,7UI. A taxa primária de sucesso foi de 19 em 23 pacientes (83%).A reperfusão ocorreu em um pseudo-aneurisma. A taxa de sucessosecundária foi de quatro em quatro pacientes tratados (100%). Nãoocorreram complicações tromboembólicas, infecciosas ou alérgicas. Conclusões: A injeção percutânea de trombina guiada por ultra-som é o melhor método para o tratamento dos pseudo-aneurismas femorais causados por procedimentos endovasculares. Apresenta elevadastaxas de sucesso, baixas taxas de reincidência e de complicações.