Pilates training reduces blood pressure in older women with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: The study investigated the effect of 12 weeks of pilates training on the hemodynamic responses of older women with type-2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: 22 individuals with T2D were randomly allocated into two groups: CONTROL (n = 11; 67.5 ± 6.3 years; 154.7 ± 6.1 cm; 73.5 ± 6.1 kg; calorie intake: 1487.5 ± 360.6 kcal/day) and PILATES (n = 11; 65.5 ± 5.5 years; 155.0 ± 4.5 cm; 66.2 ± 5.4 kg; calorie intake: 1289.3 ± 385.0 kcal/day). The PILATES group executed a 12-week PILATES training program at moderate intensity, 3x/week with each session lasting 60-min. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and postprandial blood glucose were assessed at four timepoints: i) baseline; ii) 4th week; iii) 8th week; and iv) 12th week (s) of intervention. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and the Pearson's correlation coefficient were adopted. The alpha level was set at 0.05. RESULTS: A time∗group interaction effect was found for SBP (F = 4.206; η2 = 0.17; p = 0.02) and DBP (F = 2.624; η2 = 0.12; p = 0.05) with significant reductions (mmHg) in the 4ths and 8ths in the PILATES (PILATES SBP baseline: 134.9 ± 27.6; 4ths: 112.4 ± 15.7; 8ths: 115.8 ± 18.3; 12ths: 124.3 ± 19.1 vs. CONTROL SBP baseline: 126.5 ± 15.7; 4ths: 126.3 ± 16.2; 8ths: 124.5 ± 13.1; 12ths: 126.3 ± 21.4 | PILATES DBP baseline: 72.9 ± 11.3; 4ths: 65.1 ± 12.2; 8ths: 65.8 ± 12.2; 12ths: 67.6 ± 7.5 vs. CONTROL DBP baseline: 74.6 ± 12.0; 4ths: 73.9 ± 11.5; 8ths: 75.3 ± 11.9; 12ths: 74.5 ± 9.2). CONCLUSION: Four and eight weeks of PILATES training promotes reduction in the SBP and DBP of older women with T2D. The exercises performed in this study were mainly body weight exercises and required a few auxiliary materials, which turns this method of training accessible.

Respostas agudas da glicose sanguínea no segundo dia da recuperação do exercício resistido de moderada vs. alta intensidade em mulheres com diabetes tipo 2 / Acute blood glucose responses on the second day of recovery from moderate vs. high intensity resistance exercise in women with type 2 diabetes

O exercício resistido (ER) pode reduzir a glicose no sangue em pessoas com diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). No entanto, é necessária maior clareza quanto à intensidade do ER e ao tempo necessário para essa resposta aguda. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as respostas agudas de glicose no sangue no segundo dia de recuperação do ER moderada versus de alta intensidade em mulheres com DM2. Doze mulheres com DM2 (55,2 ± 4,0 anos; 70,1 ± 11,4 kg; e 155,7 ± 3,3 cm) realizaram duas sessões experimentais com sete dias de intervalo em ordem aleatória. Para a sessão 1: ER40% do teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) e sessão 2: ER80%1RM, com 16 e 8 repetições para cada série, respectivamente, em 7 exercícios com 3 circuitos durante 40min. A glicemia foi monitorada por 35h (primeiro dia: 24h e segundo dia: 11h) a cada 5 minutos após cada sessão experimental pelo Sistema de Monitoramento Contínuo de Glicose (modelo Guardian REAL-Time). O teste t de Student não mostrou diferença significativa na glicemia do segundo dia (11h) após as sessões de ER40%1RM vs. RE80%1RM [respectivamente, 161,3 ± 62,3 mg.dL-1 vs. 157,2 ± 41,9 mg.dL-1; t (11) = 0,259; p = 0,800]. A ANOVA two-way para medidas repetidas mostrou que as respostas de glicose no sangue a cada hora durante a recuperação no segundo dia não mostraram diferenças significativas entre as sessões de ER [F (1,731; 19,039) = 0,688; p = 0,734]. Concluímos que as respostas glicêmicas agudas no segundo dia da recuperação do ER de intensidade moderada e alta não diferiram entre as mulheres com DM2.

Resistance exercise (RE) can lower blood glucose in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, greater clarity is needed regarding the RE intensity and time required for this acute response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare acute blood glucose responses on the second day of recovery from moderate vs. high-intensity RE in women with T2D. Twelve women with T2D (55.2 ± 4.0 years; 70.1 ± 11.4 kg; and 155.7 ± 3.3 cm) performed two experimental sessions seven days apart in a randomized order. For session 1: RE40% of one-repetition maximum test (1RM) and session 2: RE80%1RM, with 16 and 8 repetitions for each set, respectively, in 7 exercises with 3 circuits during 40min. Blood glucose was monitored for over 35h (first day: 24h and second day: 11h) every 5 minutes after each experimental session by the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (Guardian REAL-Time model). Student's t-test showed no significant difference in blood glucose on the second day (11h) after RE40%1RM vs. RE80%1RM sessions [respectively, 161.3 ± 62.3 mg.dL-1 vs. 157.2 ± 41.9 mg.dL-1; t (11) = 0.259; p = 0.800]. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed that blood glucose responses every hour during recovery on the second day showed no significant differences between RE sessions [F (1.731, 19.039) = 0.688; p = 0.734]. We concluded that the acute blood glucose responses on the second day of moderate and high intensity RE did not differ among women with T2D.

Pilates Method Training: Functional and Blood Glucose Responses of Older Women With Type 2 Diabetes.

Melo, KCB, Araújo, FdS, Cordeiro Júnior, CCM, de Andrade, KTP, and Moreira, SR. Pilates method training: Functional and blood glucose responses of older women with type 2 diabetes. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1001-1007, 2020-The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of the Pilates method on the functional capacity (FC) and glycemic control of older women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twenty-two women with T2D were randomized into control (CONTROL: 67.5 ± 6.3 years; 154.7 ± 6.1 cm; 73.5 ± 6.1 kg) and Pilates (PILATES: 65.5 ± 5.5 years; 155.0 ± 4.5 cm; 66.2 ± 5.4 kg) groups, which held sessions of 60 minutes at a frequency of 3 times per week during 12 weeks. Blood glucose was measured before and after sessions in PILATES, as well as in moments of pre, rest, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of the PILATES and CONTROL interventions. The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level before and after 12 weeks of the intervention was evaluated. The general index of the FC (GIFC) was obtained through a battery of tests for older patients with T2D. Analysis of variance detected differences in the GIFC for PILATES vs. CONTROL, respectively, in 4 weeks (30.3 ± 4.6 vs. 34.8 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), 8 weeks (29.2 ± 4.5 vs. 34.6 ± 4.9 seconds; p < 0.05), and 12 weeks (27.2 ± 4.0 vs. 35.3 ± 4.6 seconds; p < 0.05). PILATES presented a difference in postprandial glycemia pre- vs. 4 and 12 weeks (246.1 ± 58.5 vs. 219.9 ± 59.9 and 207.6 ± 49.1 mg·dl, respectively; p < 0.05), as well as in HbA1c pre- vs. 12 weeks (7.8 ± 1.0 vs. 6.7 ± 0.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). Differences in postprandial glycemia (p < 0.05) were found in PILATES before vs. after sessions, respectively, of 1st-12th (217.1 ± 49.1 vs. 157.9 ± 55.7 mg·dl), 13th-24th (204.5 ± 44.7 vs. 146.3 ± 44.5 mg·dl), and 25th-36th (214.3 ± 40.4 vs. 152.7 ± 52.0 mg·dl). A correlation between postprandial glycemia and GIFC after 12 weeks was detected (r = 0.37; p = 0.04). It is concluded that 12 weeks of the Pilates method induces improvement and relationship in the FC and glycemic control in older women with T2D.

Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise Reduces Hyperglycemia and Enhances Glucose Control Over a 24-Hour Period in Women With Type 2 Diabetes.

Cruz, LC, Teixeira-Araujo, AA, Andrade, KTP, Rocha, TCOG, Puga, GM, and Moreira, SR. Low intensity resistance exercise reduces hyperglycemia and enhances glucose control over a 24-hour period in women with type 2 diabetes. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2826-2835, 2019-The study herein aimed to compare glucose concentration and hyperglycemic responses of 24 hours after resistance exercise (RE) performed in different intensities in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Twelve women with T2D (55.2 ± 4.0 years; 70.1 ± 11.4 kg; and 155.7 ± 3.3 cm) performed 4 experimental sessions divided into 2 blocks separated by 7 days and in randomized order: block-A (session-1: control-CONT40% and session-2: RE40% of one repetition maximum [1RM] test) and block-B (session-3: CONT80% and session-4: RE80%1RM). The RE sessions were performed over 40 minutes with 3 circuits of 7 exercises each, with 40%1RM and 80%1RM with 16 and 8 repetitions for each set, respectively. Glucose was monitored over 24 hours after each experimental session through continuous glucose-monitoring system. One-way ANOVA for repeated measures showed that area under the curve of glucose concentration was reduced (p ≤ 0.05) after RE40%1RM (193.738 ± 33.186 mg·dl × 1.380 min) when compared with CONT40% (263.937 ± 26.665 mg·dl × 1.380 min), CONT80% (254.721 ± 35.836 mg·dl × 1.380 min), and RE80%1RM (263.966 ± 62.795 mg·dl × 1.380 min). Hyperglycemia (>160 mg·dl) was less prevalent (p ≤ 0.05) during the total period after RE40%1RM (20.8 ± 21.2%) when compared with CONT40% (77.4 ± 18.3%), CONT80% (69.4 ± 24.6%), and RE80%1RM (66.0 ± 33.7%). There was a lower hyperglycemic state in RE40%1RM (p ≤ 0.05) vs. CONT40%, CONT80%, and RE80%1RM after breakfast (1:25 ± 0:54 vs. 4:00 ± 0:00, 3:40 ± 0:53, and 3:25 ± 1:09 hours, respectively), lunch (1:25 ± 2:03 vs. 4:55 ± 0:17, 4:25 ± 1:26, and 3:40 ± 2:06 hours, respectively), and dinner (0:15 ± 0:27 vs. 3:15 ± 0:45, 3:25 ± 0:47, and 2:50 ± 1:31 hours, respectively). During the sleeping period, there was a lower hyperglycemic state (p ≤ 0.05) in RE40%1RM (0:20 ± 0:39 hours) vs. RE80%1RM (4:05 ± 3:08 hours). A single low-intensity RE40%1RM decreases hyperglycemic prevalence over a 24-hour period and ameliorates glucose control after meals and in sleeping periods in women with T2D.

Behavior During Tooth Brushing in the Home Environment in Preterm and Full-Term Infants

Objective: To evaluate the behavior during toothbrushing of preterm and full-term infants through maternal report. Material and Methods: This study is based on secondary data collected from dental records of infants aged 12-38 months. The collected data of demographic and socioeconomic status, prematurity, tooth brushing habit and infant behavior during toothbrushing were tabulated using the SPSS-21.0 software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, carried out by the Chisquare, Fisher's exact or maximum likelihood ratio statistical tests, with significant level of 5%. Results: The types of infant behavior during toothbrushing were: cooperative, participative, resistant, inflexible and independent. Variables maternal education, family income and frequency of day care attendance showed significant differences regarding the infant's behavior (p=0.031, 0.033 and 0.004, respectively). No significant differences were found between infant's behavior during toothbrushing and maternal occupation/study (p=0.301), primiparity (p=0.109), infant's gender (p=0,233), prematurity (p=0,479), weight/gestational age ratio (p=0.231), toothbrushing before bed (p=0.83), dental biofilm (p=0,189) and presence of caries or extensive dental changes (p=0.566). Conclusion: There was no evidence that there is a difference in the behavior during toothbrushing of preterm and full term infants. Collaborative behavior was influenced by socioeconomic factors such as higher maternal schooling and family income, and in infants who attended day care.

Articulação da rede de atenção psicossocial para o cuidado às crises / Coordination of the psychosocial care network for mental health crisis / Coordinación de la red de atención psicosocial para el cuidado a la crisis

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em conhecer a articulação entre os pontos da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial (RAPS) no cuidado às situações de crise em saúde mental, na visão dos seus trabalhadores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado com base em 62 portfólios elaborados pelos alunos do Curso Crise e Urgência em Saúde Mental, respondendo à questão reflexiva: "Considerando seu local de trabalho como ponto da RAPS/RUE, descreva, reflita e elabore uma síntese sobre como se dá a articulação com os demais pontos da rede na realidade do seu município". Os dados foram analisados segundo o método de Análise de Conteúdo Temático de Bardin, que compreende três fases: pré-análise, exploração do material e tratamento das informações, inferência e a interpretação. Os dados resultaram em três categorias temáticas: encaminhamento, modelo tradicional de cuidado, o qual evidenciou o encaminhamento inadequado gerador de um cuidado fragmentado; matriciamento, a proposta atual, que traduz uma estratégia de articulação que contribui para o cuidado prestado ao usuário; e novas estratégias, exemplificado por encontros que abordam novas maneiras de viabilizar o cuidado em rede. Considera-se que a articulação entre os serviços de saúde é de extrema importância para um cuidado humanizado e integral ao usuário. Para tanto, faz-se necessário que os trabalhadores tenham conhecimento da sua rede de apoio, bem como utilizem meios de se integrar à mesma, seja por reuniões, capacitações ou encontros que favoreçam a troca de experiências.

This research aimed to investigate the coordination of the psychosocial care network (RAPS) for mental health crisis care, in its workers' view. It is a descriptive exploratory study with qualitative approach. The study was carried out from 62 portfolios made by the students of the Mental Health Crisis and Urgency Course, who answered the reflective question: "Considering your workplace as a point of RAPS / RUE, describe, reflect and write a text with the synthesis regarding the articulation with the other network points in the reality of your municipality". The data were analyzed according to Thematic Content Analysis method suggested by Bardin, which comprises three phases: Pre-analysis, Material Exploration and Treatment of the Information, inference and interpretation. As a result, three thematic categories were identified: Referral, the traditional way of referring to specialized care, which is associated to a more fragmented care process; Matrix support, the current proposal of collaborative care, ajoint strategy that contributes to the complex care demanded by mental health services users; and new strategies for network care, exemplified by meetings or sessions that discuss new ways to enable the network care.

El objectivo de este estudio fue conocer la relación entre los puntos de la Red de Atención Psicosocial para el cuidado de las crisis en salud mental, a la vista de sus trabajadores. Es una investigación exploratoria descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo. El estudio recurrió a 62 carteras realizadas por los estudiantes de la crisis de salud mental y Curso Urgencia que respondió a la pregunta reflexiva: "Teniendo en cuenta su lugar de trabajo como punto de RAPS/RUE, describir, reflexionar y elaborar un resumen de cómo es la relación con los demás puntos de la red en la realidad de su municipio". Los datos se analizaron según el método de análisis de contenido temático sugerido por Bardin, que consta de tres fases: Pre-análisis, exploración y tratamiento de la información, la inferencia e interpretación de lo material. Como resultado se identificaron tres categorías: Referencia, la forma tradicional de hacer referencia a la atención especializada, que se asocia a un proceso de atención más fragmentado; Ayuda matricial: la propuesta de la época, haciendo de esta una estrategia conjunta que contribuya a la atención proporcionada al usuario; y Nuevas estrategias para el cuidado en red, ejemplificadas por las reuniones o sesiones que tratan sobre los nuevos modos de activar el cuidado de la red