Cross-sectional study of self-reported pain related to temporomandibular disorders and emotional state of medical school faculty and students: Post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted in-person activities, which were immediately followed by adaptations to ensure, for example, the continuity of teaching. This generated emotional impacts on the academic community. Emotional states may trigger or emphasize conditions such as temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), causing pain and limiting masticatory function. This study aimed to compare the students and the faculty of a medical school first in terms of the TMD-caused pain they experienced during social isolation and reported two months later, according to their recollections, using the TMD-Pain Screener questionnaire. The second basis for comparison was the emotional state generated by social isolation and its connection with TMD symptoms assessed through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), which considers perceptions at the time of data collection. Both questionnaires were responded to in May 2022 after the end of social isolation. The data were analyzed by the IBM-SPSS software for Windows 22.0 with a 5% level of significance. The results show that the self-reported TMD symptoms were more widespread (p = 0.002) and intense (p = 0.013) among students than among faculty and that all of the former's DASS-21 domains (depression, anxiety, and stress) were also more strongly evident (p<0.05). Only anxiety was more significant among the faculty (p = 0.027). Both groups pointed to social isolation as an aggravating factor of the symptoms (p<0.05). The conclusion is that the self-reported TMD-caused pain and all DASS-21 domains as experienced during social isolation were stronger and more prevalent among students than among faculty, and that only anxiety was statistically significant among faculty. Also, the emotional states resulting from social isolation may have aggravated TMD-caused pain in both groups.

Vacuum fractional distillation of Cunila galioides Benth. essential oil: chemical composition and biological activities of raw oil and its fractions.

This work aimed to rectify Cunila galioides essential oil and evaluate the raw oil and the fractions' antifungal, allelopathic, and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the raw essential oil and the bottom fraction were primarily composed of linalyl propionate (42.9 wt.% and 60.2 wt.%). The top fraction was composed mainly of limonene (45.7 wt.%). The antioxidant activity changed with the radical and the fraction. The bottom had a weaker antifungal effect than the raw oil and the top. Nevertheless, the essential oil and the fractions had a similar antifungal activity at 0.50 % v/v and higher. Similar behavior was observed for the allelopathic tests. No difference occurred between the raw oil and the fractions, with reduced germination percentages and speed at 0.25 % v/v and complete inhibition at 0.50 % v/v. The oil can be rectified, and the fractions may be used without harming their biological activity.

What is the burden of multimorbidity and the factors associated with its occurrence in elderly Brazilians?

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in elderly people and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and anthropometry. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey, 2019. A total of 22,728 elderly individuals from all 27 Brazilian states were randomly selected. Poisson regression models with robust variance were employed, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 51.6% (95% CI: 50.4-52.7), with the highest estimates observed in the South and Southeast. Multimorbidity was associated with being female (aPR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.27-1.39), being 80 years old or older (aPR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05-1.19), having low education (aPR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.25), past cigarette use (aPR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11-1.21), insufficient physical activity (aPR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.21), and screen use for 3 hours or more per day (aPR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08-1.18). CONCLUSION: Multimorbidity affects more than half of the elderly population in Brazil and is associated with social, demographic, and behavioral factors.

Corrigendum: Random cellulose acetate nanofibers: a breakthrough for cultivated meat production.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1297926.].

What is the burden of multimorbidity and the factors associated with its occurrence in elderly Brazilians? / ¿Cuál es la carga de multimorbilidad y los factores asociados a su ocurrencia en personas mayores brasileñas? / Qual é a carga de multimorbidade e os fatores associados à sua ocorrência em pessoas idosas brasileiras?

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of multimorbidity in elderly people and its association with sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and anthropometry. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health Survey, 2019. A total of 22,728 elderly individuals from all 27 Brazilian states were randomly selected. Poisson regression models with robust variance were employed, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 51.6% (95% CI: 50.4-52.7), with the highest estimates observed in the South and Southeast. Multimorbidity was associated with being female (aPR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.27-1.39), being 80 years old or older (aPR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.05-1.19), having low education (aPR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.07-1.25), past cigarette use (aPR = 1.16; 95% CI: 1.11-1.21), insufficient physical activity (aPR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.21), and screen use for 3 hours or more per day (aPR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08-1.18). Conclusion: Multimorbidity affects more than half of the elderly population in Brazil and is associated with social, demographic, and behavioral factors.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de multimorbilidad en personas mayores y su asociación con características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida y antropometría. Métodos: Estudio transversal, con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud, 2019. Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 22.728 personas mayores de los 27 estados brasileños. Se emplearon modelos de regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta y se adoptó un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: La prevalencia de multimorbilidad fue del 51,6% (IC95%: 50,4-52,7), siendo las mayores estimaciones observadas en el Sur y Sudeste. La multimorbilidad se asoció con el sexo femenino (RPa=1,33; IC95%: 1,27-1,39), tener 80 años o más (RPa= 1,12; IC95%: 1,05-1,19), baja escolaridad (RPa=1,16; IC95%:1,07-1,25), consumo de cigarrillo en el pasado (RPa=1,16; IC95%:1,11-1,21), práctica insuficiente de actividad física (RPa= 1,13; IC95%:1,06-1,21) y uso de pantallas por 3 horas o más al día (RPa=1,13; IC95%:1,08-1,18). Conclusión: La multimorbilidad afecta a más de la mitad de la población anciana de Brasil y está asociada a factores sociales, demográficos y conductuales.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de multimorbidade em pessoas idosas e sua associação com características sociodemográficas, estilo de vida e antropometria. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2019. Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 22.728 pessoas idosas dos 27 estados brasileiros. Empregaram-se modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta e adotou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 51,6% (IC95%: 50,4-52,7), sendo as maiores estimativas observadas no Sul e Sudeste. A multimorbidade foi associada ao sexo feminino (RPa=1,33; IC95%: 1,27-1,39), ter 80 anos ou mais (RPa= 1,12; IC95%: 1,05-1,19), baixa escolaridade (RPa=1,16; IC95%:1,07-1,25), consumo de cigarro no passado (RPa=1,16; IC95%:1,11-1,21), prática insuficiente de atividade física (RPa= 1,13; IC95%:1,06-1,21) e uso de telas por 3 horas ou mais por dia (RPa=1,13; IC95%:1,08-1,18). Conclusão: A multimorbidade afeta mais da metade da população idosa do Brasil e está associada a fatores sociais, demográficos e comportamentais.

Visita domiciliar na primeira semana saúde integral, segundo enfermeiros da atenção primária / Home visit in the first week integral health, according to primary care nurses / Visita domiciliaria en la primera semana salud integral, según enfermeras de atención primaria

Objetivo: compreender a percepção e implementação da visita domiciliar na Primeira Semana Saúde Integral, segundo enfermeiros da Atenção Primária. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado por entrevistas com cinco enfermeiras em Unidades de Saúde da Família no curimataú paraibano, entre agosto e dezembro de 2019. Os dados foram interpretados pela Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: percebeu-se a partir de duas categorias que, os enfermeiros reconhecem a Primeira Semana Saúde Integral como estratégia de integralidade na saúde ao binômio, utilizando unicamente a visita domiciliar como ação; distinguem os elementos necessários para a implementação desta conforme as diretrizes nacionais, todavia identificaram desafios, bem como estratégias para dirimi-los. Considerações finais: reforça-se a ideia da educação permanente para qualificação dos profissionais na Atenção Primária, bem como a inserção de um instrumento para a realização das visitas domiciliares, potencializando assim as ações de cuidado

Objective: to understand the perception and implementation of home visits in the First Integral Health Week, according to Primary Care nurses. Method: qualitative study, carried out with five nurses in Family Health Units in curimataú, Paraíba, between August and December 2019. Data were interpreted by Content Analysis. Results: it was noticed from two categories that the nurses recognize the First Integral Health Week as a strategy of integrality in health to the binomial, using only the home visit as an action; distinguish the elements necessary for the implementation of this according to the national guidelines, however they identified challenges, as well as strategies to solve them. Final considerations: the idea of continuing education for the qualification of professionals in Primary Care is reinforced, as well as the insertion of an instrument for carrying out home visits, thus enhancing care actions

Objetivos: comprender la percepción e implementación de la visita domiciliaria en la Primera Semana de Salud Integral, según los enfermeros de Atención Primaria. Método: estudio cualitativo, realizado con cinco enfermeros en Unidades de Salud de la Familia en Curimataú, Paraíba, entre agosto y diciembre de 2019. Los datos fueron interpretados por Análisis de Contenido. Resultados: se percibió a partir de dos categorías que los enfermeros reconocen la Primera Semana de Salud Integral como una estrategia de integralidad en salud al binomio, utilizando únicamente la visita domiciliaria como acción; distinguen los elementos necesarios para la implementación de este de acuerdo a los lineamientos nacionales, sin embargo identificaron desafíos, así como estrategias para solucionarlos. Consideraciones finales: se refuerza la idea de educación continua para la calificación de profesionales en la Atención Básica, así como la inserción de un instrumento para la realización de visitas domiciliarias, potenciando así las acciones de cuidado

Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Brazilian pepper) leaves extract: in vitro and in vivo evidence of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of ethyl acetate extract obtained from the leaves of Brazilian peppertree Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (EAELSt). Total phenols and flavonoids, chemical constituents, in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and lipoperoxidation assays), and cytotoxicity in L929 fibroblasts were determined. In vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties were evaluated using TPA-induced ear inflammation model in mice. Phenol and flavonoid contents were 19.2 ± 0.4 and 93.8 ± 5.2 of gallic acid or quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. LC-MS analysis identified 43 compounds, of which myricetin-O-pentoside and quercetin-O-rhamnoside were major peaks of chromatogram. Incubation with EAELSt decreased the amount of DPPH radical (EC50 of 54.5 ± 2.4 µg/mL) and lipoperoxidation at 200-500 µg/mL. The incubation with EAELSt did not change fibroblast viability up to 100 µg/mL. Topical treatment with EAELSt significantly reduced edema and myeloperoxidase activity at 0.3, 1, and 3 mg/ear when compared to the vehicle-treated group. In addition, EAELSt decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 levels. Besides, it modulated markers of oxidative stress (reduced total hydroperoxides and increased sulfhydryl contents and ferrium reduction potential) and increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase, without altering GPx activity.

Deciphering the Functional Status of Breast Cancers through the Analysis of Their Extracellular Vesicles.

Breast cancer (BC) accounts for the highest incidence of tumor-related mortality among women worldwide, justifying the growing search for molecular tools for the early diagnosis and follow-up of BC patients under treatment. Circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanocompartments produced by all human cells, including tumor cells. Since minimally invasive methods collect EVs, which represent reservoirs of signals for cell communication, these particles have attracted the interest of many researchers aiming to improve BC screening and treatment. Here, we analyzed the cargoes of BC-derived EVs, both proteins and nucleic acids, which yielded a comprehensive list of potential markers divided into four distinct categories, namely, (i) modulation of aggressiveness and growth; (ii) preparation of the pre-metastatic niche; (iii) epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; and (iv) drug resistance phenotype, further classified according to their specificity and sensitivity as vesicular BC biomarkers. We discuss the therapeutic potential of and barriers to the clinical implementation of EV-based tests, including the heterogeneity of EVs and the available technologies for analyzing their content, to present a consistent, reproducible, and affordable set of markers for further evaluation.

Extracellular Vesicle-Packaged miR-195-5p Sensitizes Melanoma to Targeted Therapy with Kinase Inhibitors.

Management of advanced melanoma remains challenging, with most BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase)-mutated metastatic patients relapsing within a few months upon MAPK inhibitors treatment. Modulation of tumor-derived extracellular vesicle (EVs) cargo with enrichment of antitumoral molecules is a promising strategy to impair tumor progression and increase treatment response. Herein, we report that restored expression of miR-195-5p, down-regulated in melanoma favoring drug resistance, increases the release of EVs enriched in the tumor suppressor miRNAs, miR-195-5p, miR-152-3p, and miR-202-3p. Incorporating these EVs by bystander tumor cells resulted in decreased proliferation and viability, accompanied by a reduction in CCND1 and YAP1 mRNA levels. Upon treatment with MAPK inhibitors, miR-195 EVs significantly decreased BCL2-L1 protein levels and increased cell death ratio and treatment efficacy. Additionally, EVs exogenously loaded with miR-195-5p by electroporation reduced tumor volume in vivo and impaired engraftment and growth of xenografts implanted with melanoma cells exposed to MAPK inhibitors. Our study shows that miR-195-5p antitumoral activity can be spread to bystander cells through EVs, improving melanoma response to targeted therapy and revealing a promising EV-based strategy to increase clinical response in patients harboring BRAF mutations.

Antitumor Profile of Combined Matricaria recutita Flower Extract and 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy in Sarcoma 180 In Vivo Model.

Medicinal plants have been commonly associated with chemotherapeutic treatments, as an approach to reduce the toxicological risks of classical anticancer drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of combining the antineoplastic drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with Matricaria recutita flowers extract (MRFE) to treat mice transplanted with sarcoma 180. Tumor inhibition, body and visceral mass variation, biochemical, hematological, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. The isolated 5-FU, 5-FU+MRFE 100 mg/kg/day, and 5-FU+MRFE 200 mg/kg/day reduced tumor growth; however, 5-FU+MRFE 200 mg/kg/day showed a more significant tumor reduction when compared to 5-FU alone. These results corroborated with the analysis of the tumor histopathological and immunodetection of the Ki67 antigen. In the toxicological analysis of the association 5-FU+MRFE 200 mg/kg/day, an intense loss of body mass was observed, possibly as a result of diarrhea. In addition, spleen atrophy, with a reduction in white pulp, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, was observed in the 5-FU groups alone and associated with MRFE 200 mg/kg/day; however, there was no statistical difference between these groups. Therefore, the MRFE 200 mg/kg/day did not interfere in myelosuppressive action of 5-FU. In hematological analysis, body and visceral mass variation and biochemical parameters related to renal (urea and creatinine) and cardiac (CK-MB) function, no alteration was observed. In biochemical parameters related to liver function enzymes, there was a reduction in aspartate transaminase (AST) values in the 5-FU groups alone and associated with MRFE 200 mg/kg/day; however, there was no statistical difference between these groups. Therefore, the MRFE 200 mg/kg/day does not appear to influence enzyme reduction. The results of this study suggest that the association between the 5-FU+MRFE 200 can positively interfere with the antitumor activity, promoting the antineoplastic-induced reduction in body mass, while minimizing the toxicity of chemotherapy.

Bioactive cellulose acetate nanofiber loaded with annatto support skeletal muscle cell attachment and proliferation.

Electrospinning emerged as a promising technique to produce scaffolds for cultivated meat in function of its simplicity, versatility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Cellulose acetate (CA) is a biocompatible and low-cost material that support cell adhesion and proliferation. Here we investigated CA nanofibers, associated or not with a bioactive annatto extract (CA@A), a food-dye, as potential scaffolds for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering. The obtained CA nanofibers were evaluated concerning its physicochemical, morphological, mechanical and biological traits. UV-vis spectroscopy and contact angle measurements confirmed the annatto extract incorporation into the CA nanofibers and the surface wettability of both scaffolds, respectively. SEM images revealed that the scaffolds are porous, containing fibers with no specific alignment. Compared with the pure CA nanofibers, CA@A nanofibers showed increased fiber diameter (420 ± 212 nm vs. 284 ± 130 nm). Mechanical properties revealed that the annatto extract induces a reduction of the stiffness of the scaffold. Molecular analyses revealed that while CA scaffold favored C2C12 myoblast differentiation, the annatto-loaded CA scaffold favored a proliferative state of these cells. These results suggest that the combination of cellulose acetate fibers loaded with annatto extract may be an interesting economical alternative for support long-term muscle cells culture with potential application as scaffold for cultivated meat and muscle tissue engineering.

Educação em saúde na formação acadêmica em enfermagem / Health education in academic nursing training / Educación de salud en la institución académica de enfermería

Com o objetivo de conhecer os limites e potencialidades da formação acadêmica em enfermagem para as atividades de educação em saúde, foi possível desenvolver um estudo exploratório-descritivo de abordagem qualitativa envolvendo 15 participantes. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de maio e junho de 2022 e o processamento dos dados foi feito pelo software Iramuteq. Os resultados apontaram para a dialética envolvendo as potencialidades e limitações. Como potencialidade foi apontado que a disciplina de Educação em Saúde pode ser vista como uma temática transversal que pode ser trabalhada na prática. No que concerne às limitações, as falas elucidaram poucas oportunidades para atividades práticas, além da disciplina se distanciar da realidade. Como considerações finais, foi possível entender que existem abordagens pedagógicas tradicionais no contexto acadêmico em enfermagem desencadeando discussões para uma formação que estimule o aluno a refletir a realidade social que o cerca e aprenda a aprender constantemente.

Aiming to know the limits and the potential of academic nursing training for health education activities, an exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach was developed with 15 participants. Data collection took place in May and June, 2022, and data processing was carried out using the software Iramuteq. The results pointed to the dialectics involving potentialities and limitations. A potentiality was the fact that health education can be seen as a cross-cutting theme that can be worked in practice. Regarding limitations, the speeches pointed to few opportunities for practical activities and to the distance of the subject from reality. As final considerations, it could be understood that there are traditional pedagogical approaches in the academic context of nursing, leading to discussions focused on training that encourages students to reflect on the social reality surrounding them and to learn how to learn continuously.

Con el objetivo de conocer los límites y potencialidades de la formación académica de enfermeros para actividades de educación en salud, fue posible desarrollar un estudio exploratorio-descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo involucrando a 15 participantes. La recolección de datos se realizó en los meses de mayo y junio de 2022 y el procesamiento de datos se realizó mediante el software Iramuteq. Los resultados señalaron a la dialéctica entre fortalezas y limitaciones. Como potencialidad, se apuntó que la asignatura de la educación en salud se ve como un tema transversal que puede ser trabajado en la práctica. En cuanto a las limitaciones, los discursos dilucidaron pocas oportunidades para actividades prácticas, además del hecho de que la asignatura se distancia de la realidad. Como consideraciones finales, fue posible comprender que existen enfoques pedagógicos tradicionales en el contexto académico de enfermería, desencadenando discusiones para una formación que anime a los estudiantes a reflexionar sobre la realidad social que los rodea y aprender a aprender constantemente.

Hibiscus Tea and its Therapeutic Potential in Weight Reduction: Integrative Review / Chá de Hibiscus e seu Potencial Terapêutico na Redução de Peso: Revisão Integrativa

The calyx of the Hibiscus plant are used in the form of an infusion in popular medicine with the purpose of contributing to the weight loss of its users. Therefore, the objective of this work was to verify in the literature the therapeutic potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa tea for weight loss. This is an integrative review done in the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science. The final sample consisted of 6 articles. Half of the selected articles had the clear objective of evaluating weight loss, the others evaluated anti-metabolic and anti-stress properties, obesity-related adipogenesis and control of lipid indicators. In the selected studies, the most used part of the plant was the calyx, being fresh and dry. Factors such as the concentration and form of supply of the Hibiscus sabdariffa extract seem to be points to be taken into account in experiments that have food intake as an influence on the other variables. The studies brought evidence that Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts contribute to weight loss and to the suppression of weight gain in human and animal groups with metabolic disorders, without change for the healthy human/animal group. However, studies on the long-term maintenance of weight loss, once achieved, the efficacy and safety of its use, are still insufficient according to the collected evidence.(AU)

Os cálices da planta Hibiscus são utilizados na forma de infusão na medicina popular com o propósito de contribuir na perda ponderal de seus usuários. Diante disto, o trabalho teve como objetivo verificar na literatura o potencial terapêutico do chá de Hibiscus sabdariffa para a perda ponderal. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases: Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science. A amostra final foi formada por 6 artigos. Metade dos artigos selecionados tinham como objetivo claro avaliar a perda de peso, os demais avaliavam as propriedades antimetabólicas e antiestresse, adipogênese relacionada à obesidade e controle dos indicadores lipídicos. Nos estudos selecionados, a parte da planta mais utilizada foi o cálice, sendo eles frescos e secos. Fatores como a concentração e a forma de fornecimento do extrato do Hibiscus sabdariffa parecem ser pontos a serem levados em consideração em experimentos que tenham a ingestão alimentar como influência sobre as demais variáveis. Os estudos trouxeram evidencias de que os extratos de Hibiscus sabdariffa contribuem para a perda de peso e para a supressão do ganho de peso em grupos humanos e animais com disfunções metabólicas, sem alteração para o grupo de humanos/animais saudáveis. No entanto, estudos sobre a manutenção a longo prazo da perda de peso, uma vez alcançada, a eficácia e segurança de seu uso, ainda são insuficientes de acordo com as evidências coletadas.(AU)

Random cellulose acetate nanofibers: a breakthrough for cultivated meat production.

Overcoming the challenge of creating thick, tissue-resembling muscle constructs is paramount in the field of cultivated meat production. This study investigates the remarkable potential of random cellulose acetate nanofibers (CAN) as a transformative scaffold for muscle tissue engineering (MTE), specifically in the context of cultivated meat applications. Through a comparative analysis between random and aligned CAN, utilizing C2C12 and H9c2 myoblasts, we unveil the unparalleled capabilities of random CAN in facilitating muscle differentiation, independent of differentiation media, by exploiting the YAP/TAZ-related mechanotransduction pathway. In addition, we have successfully developed a novel process for stacking cell-loaded CAN sheets, enabling the production of a three-dimensional meat product. C2C12 and H9c2 loaded CAN sheets were stacked (up to four layers) to form a ~300-400 µm thick tissue 2 cm in length, organized in a mesh of uniaxial aligned cells. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology for cultivated meat purposes, we have generated thick and viable constructs using chicken muscle satellite cells (cSCs) and random CAN. This groundbreaking discovery offers a cost-effective and biomimetic solution for cultivating and differentiating muscle cells, forging a crucial link between tissue engineering and the pursuit of sustainable and affordable cultivated meat production.

Conhecimento e utilização de direito à saúde por usuários com diabetes: pesquisa de métodos mistos / Conocimiento y uso del derecho a la salud por usuarios con diabetes: investigación de métodos mixtos / Knowledge and use of the right to health by users with diabetes: mixed methods research

Resumo Objetivos verificar os fatores relacionados ao nível de utilização de direitos à saúde de usuários com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 e 2 e compreender o conhecimento e a utilização de direito à saúde desses usuários. Métodos estudo de métodos mistos, do tipo convergente, realizado com 206 participantes entre novembro de 2020 a abril de 2021. A análise dos dados teve como suporte a utilização dos softwares SPSS® e IRAMUTEQ® bem como a adoção das orientações do referencial teórico-metodológico de Bardin. Resultados constatou-se relação entre o escore do nível de utilização de direitos à saúde com renda familiar mensal e cor da pele autorreferida; e verificou-se que, quanto mais vulnerável economicamente uma população, mais se busca pelos direitos, além de ficar evidente a disparidade relacionada aos grupos étnicos e ao acesso aos direitos em saúde. Conclusão e implicações para a prática a combinação entre os dados quantitativos e qualitativos possibilitaram uma visão ampliada sobre o conhecimento e utilização dos direitos à saúde pelos indivíduos com diabetes. Logo, espera-se que os dados obtidos possam contribuir para uma reflexão mais aprofundada sobre a temática, favorecendo uma assistência qualificada, informativa e humanitária como forma de garantia dos direitos à saúde.

Resumen Objetivo verificar los factores relacionados con el nivel de utilización de los derechos a la salud de los usuarios con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y 2 y comprender el conocimiento y la utilización de los derechos a la salud de estos usuarios. Método estudio de métodos mixtos, de tipo convergente, realizado con 206 participantes entre noviembre de 2020 y abril de 2021. El análisis de los datos se apoyó en el uso de los softwares SPSS® e IRAMUTEQ®, así como en la adopción de los referenciales teórico-metodológicos de Bardin. Resultados hubo relación entre el puntaje del nivel de uso de los derechos a la salud con el ingreso familiar mensual y el color de piel autoinformado; y se encontró que cuanto más vulnerable económicamente es una población, mayor es la búsqueda de derechos, además de ser evidente la disparidad relacionada con las etnias y el acceso a los derechos de salud. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica La combinación de datos cuantitativos y cualitativos permitió una visión más amplia sobre el conocimiento y el uso de los derechos a la salud por parte de las personas con diabetes. Por lo tanto, se espera que los datos obtenidos puedan contribuir a una reflexión más profunda sobre el tema, promoviendo una asistencia cualificada, informativa y humanitaria como forma de garantizar los derechos a la salud.

Abstract Objectives to verify the factors related to the level of use of the right to health of users with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and understand the knowledge and the use of rights to health of these users. Methods mixed methods study, convergent type, conducted with 206 participants between November 2020 and April 2021. Data analysis was supported using SPSS® and IRAMUTEQ® software, as well as the adoption of Bardin's theoretical-methodological reference guidelines. Results a relationship was found between the score of the level of use of the right to health with monthly family income and self-reported skin color; and it was verified that the more economically vulnerable a population, the more they seek for rights, besides being evident the disparity related to ethnic groups and access to the right to health. Conclusion and implications for practice the combination of quantitative and qualitative data allowed a broader view of the knowledge and use of the right to health by individuals with diabetes. Thus, it is expected that the data obtained can contribute to a deeper reflection on the subject, favoring a qualified, informative and humanitarian assistance as a way to guarantee the right to health.

Correction: Diniz et al. Silver Nanoparticles-Composing Alginate/Gelatine Hydrogel Improves Wound Healing In Vivo. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 390.

In the original publication, there was a mistake in Figure 6 as published [...].

Transcription factor SOX3 upregulated pro-apoptotic genes expression in human breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Sex-determining region Y-box 3 (SOX3) protein, a SOX transcriptions factors group, has been identified as a key regulator in several diseases, including cancer. Downregulation of transcriptions factors in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) can interfere in neoplasia development, increasing its aggressiveness. We investigated SOX3 protein expression and its correlation with apoptosis in the MDA-MB-231 cell line, as SOX3 and Pro-Caspase-3 immunoexpression in paraffin-embedded invasive ductal carcinoma tissue samples from patients (n = 27). Breast cancer cell line MDA-MD-231 transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + and pEF1-Empty vector followed by cytotoxicity assay (MTT), Annexin-V FITC PI for apoptosis percentage assessment by flow cytometry, qPCR for apoptotic-related gene expression, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry to SOX3 immunolocalization in culture cells, and paraffin-embedded invasive ductal carcinoma tissue samples. RESULTS: Apoptotic rate was higher in cells transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + (56%) than controls (10%). MDA-MB-231 transfected with pEF1-SOX3 + presented upregulation of pro-apoptotic mRNA from CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and BAX genes, contrasting with downregulation antiapoptotic mRNA from BCL2, compared to non-transfected cells and cells transfected with pEF1-empty vector (p < 0.005). SOX3 protein nuclear expression was detected in 14% (4/27 cases) of ductal carcinoma cases, and pro-Caspase-3 expression was positive in 50% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Data suggest that SOX3 transcription factor upregulates apoptosis in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231, and has a down nuclear expression in ductal carcinoma cases, and need to be investigated as a tumor suppressor protein, and its loss of expression and non-nuclear action turn the cells resistant to apoptosis. Further studies are necessary to understand how SOX3 protein regulates the promoter regions of genes involved in apoptosis.

Cashew Gum: A Review of Brazilian Patents and Pharmaceutical Applications with a Special Focus on Nanoparticles.

Natural polysaccharides are structures composed of highly diversified biological macromolecules whose properties have been exploited by a diversity of industries. Until 2018, the polysaccharides market raised more than US $ 12 billion worldwide, while an annual growth forecast of 4.8% is expected by 2026. The food industry is largely responsible for the consumption of this plant-source material, produced by microbiological fermentation. Among the used polysaccharides, gums are hydrocolloids obtained from a variety of sources and in different forms, being composed of salts of calcium, potassium, magnesium and sugar monomers. Their non-toxicity, hydrophilicity, viscosity, biodegradability, biocompatibility and sustainable production are among their main advantages. Although Brazil is amongst the largest producers of cashew gum, reaching 50 tons per year, the polysaccharide is not being used to its full potential, in particular, with regard to its uses in pharmaceuticals. Cashew gum (CG), obtained from Anacardium occidentale L., caught the attention of the industry only in 1970; in 1990, its production started to grow. Within the Brazilian academy, the groups from the Federal University of Ceará and Piauí are devoting the most efforts to the study of cashew gum, with a total of 31 articles already published. The number of patents in the country for innovations containing cashew tree gum has reached 14, including the technological process for the purification of cashew tree gum, comparison of physical and chemical methods for physicochemical characterizations, and optimum purification methodology. This scenario opens a range of opportunities for the use of cashew gum, mainly in the development of new pharmaceutical products, with a special interest in nanoparticles.

OxLDL induces membrane structure rearrangement leading to biomechanics alteration and migration deficiency in macrophage.

Cholesterol sequestration from plasma membrane has been shown to induce lipid packing disruption, causing actin cytoskeleton reorganization and polymerization, increasing cell stiffness and inducing lysosomal exocytosis in non-professional phagocytes. Similarly, oxidized form of low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has also been shown to disrupt lipid organization and packing in endothelial cells, leading to biomechanics alterations that interfere with membrane injury and repair. For macrophages, much is known about oxLDL effects in cell activation, cytokine production and foam cell formation. However, little is known about its impact in the organization of macrophage membrane structured domains and cellular mechanics, the focus of the present study. Treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) with oxLDL not only altered membrane structure, and potentially the distribution of raft domains, but also induced actin rearrangement, diffuse integrin distribution and cell shrinkage, similarly to observed upon treatment of these cells with MßCD. Those alterations led to decreased migration efficiency. For both treatments, higher co-localization of actin cytoskeleton and GM1 was observed, indicating a similar mechanism of action involving raft-like domain dynamics. Lastly, like MßCD treatment, oxLDL also induced lysosomal spreading in BMDM. We propose that OxLDL induced re-organization of membrane/cytoskeleton complex in macrophages can be attributed to the insertion of oxysterols into the membrane, which lead to changes in lipid organization and disruption of membrane structure, similar to the effect of cholesterol depletion by MßCD treatment. These results indicate that oxLDL can induce physical alterations in the complex membrane/cytoskeleton of macrophages, leading to significant biomechanical changes that compromise cell behavior.