A challenging case of sexsomnia in an adolescent female presenting with depressive-like symptoms.

Sleep-related sexualized behaviors occur in the parasomnia known as sexsomnia, recognized as a variant of confusional arousals in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, third edition. These instinctive behaviors of a sexual nature emerge from deep non-rapid eye movement sleep, and patients often present with distinguishing features within this sleep disorder category. There are often adverse psychosocial consequences and not uncommonly medicolegal implications. While associations to psychiatric consequences from the sexsomnia have been demonstrated and efforts to further typify this condition have been made, sexsomnia remains incompletely characterized in the more than 200 published cases to date, with male predominance. We now present the first reported case of an adolescent female with sexsomnia that was triggered by the onset of Crohn's disease and its treatment with azathioprine and with interpersonal consequences leading to an initial psychiatric consultation on account of depressive symptoms. These symptoms were deemed to be secondary to the sexsomnia. In addition to describing unusual and clinically relevant features in this case of sexsomnia, this original case provides insights into triggers, predisposing factors, perpetuating factors, and therapeutic considerations that are important for raising awareness in sleep clinicians, primary care providers, and mental health professionals. CITATION: Brás J, Schenck CH, Andrade R, et al. A challenging case of sexsomnia in an adolescent female presenting with depressive-like symptoms. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(10):1845-1847.

Discovery of a Lineage of Soil-Dwelling Medetera Species with Multi-Coloured Eyes in Southern Europe (Diptera: Dolichopodidae).

Seven species in the genus Medetera (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) are described here: Medetera aglaops sp. nov., Medetera corsicana sp. nov., Medetera gibbosipyga sp. nov., Medetera hispanica sp. nov., Medetera lusitana sp. nov., Medetera parva sp. nov., and Medetera rectipyga sp. nov. They all originate from the wider Mediterranean region in southwestern Europe (Iberian Peninsula, southern France, Corsica, Sardinia). The most striking feature in most of the species is the bi- or multicolour pattern of the eyes, most conspicuous in Medetera aglaops sp. nov. and Medetera lusitana sp. nov. This character is shared by the male and female sex and is thus not regarded as Male Secondary Sexual Character. All species belong to the Medetera apicalis species group sensu Bickel and are closely related based on shared characters in the hypandrium and cercus. Interestingly, three species with and four species without the basal pair of anterodorsal and posterodorsal bristles on the mid tibia are represented. This suggests that this diagnostic character has less phylogenetic relevance than previously anticipated. Unlike most Palaearctic Medetera, at least five of the new species are mostly found on rocky substrates in dry biotopes with a sclerophyllous vegetation. This further supports their relationship with species of the Medetera muralis subclade sensu Pollet, Germann and Bernasconi.

Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Portugal with descriptions of a new genus, new species and additions to the fauna of the Iberian Peninsula.

Collections of Psychodidae in Portugal revealed a number of new species and a new genus for this country and the Iberian Peninsula. New species described are: Pneumia portuguesa sp. nov., Ulomyia iberica sp. nov., Clytocerus ibericus sp. nov., Pericoma estrelica sp. nov., and Psychoda iucunda sp. nov.. Heteroberdeniella gen. nov. is proposed with Berdeniella jaramensis (Wagner) as type species and Heteroberdeniella guardarramica sp. nov. is also included. Most species and genera are members of the West Palearctic fauna, but the genus Mystropsychoda Duckhouse is mentioned for the first time out of the Afrotropical realm. Distribution patterns of several genera and species cover at least the Mediterranean area and in addition indicate biogeographic relationships to the Afrotropical realm and particularly the East African mountain chains.

An updated checklist of Azorean arthropods (Arthropoda).

Background: The Azores is a remote oceanic archipelago of nine islands which belongs to the Macaronesia biogeographical region hosting a unique biodiversity. The present Azorean landscape is strongly modified by the presence of man and only in small areas, where the soil or climate was too rough, have primitive conditions remained unchanged. Despite the fact that most of the Azorean native habitats are now lost, a large number of endemic species are still present and need urgent conservation. The present checklist of terrestrial and freshwater arthropods of the Azores Archipelago is based on all known published literature. The main goal of this work is to list, as rigorously as possible, all the known terrestrial and freshwater arthropods of the Azores. In this way, we are contributing to solve the 'Linnaean' shortfall, i.e. an incomplete taxonomic description of species-level diversity and the Wallacean Biodiversity Shortfall, the incomplete species distribution knowledge. New information: The checklist includes new records of arthropods at island and archipelago levels that were published in the last twelve years. Compared to the last checklist of Azorean arthropods (Borges et al. 2010b), a total of 217 taxa (species and subspecies) are added.Currently, the total number of terrestrial and freshwater arthropod species and subspecies in the Azores is estimated to be 2420 taxa belonging to 14 classes, 53 orders, 440 families, 1556 genera, 2400 species and 149 individual subspecies.The most diverse orders of Azorean arthropods are: Coleoptera (585 taxa), Diptera (423 taxa), Hemiptera (338 taxa), Hymenoptera (163 taxa), Lepidoptera (159 taxa) and Araneae (133 taxa).A total of 276 endemic taxa are currently known (232 species and 44 subspecies), belonging to eight classes and 22 orders. São Miguel, Terceira and Pico are the islands with higher number of endemic species and subspecies. In the Azores, the number of native non-endemic taxa is 793 taxa, totalling 1069 indigenous taxa. Compared to the other nearest Macaronesian archipelagos (Madeira and Canaries), the Azorean arthropod fauna is characterised by a lower percentage of endemism (endemics/indigenous: 26% in Azores, 47% in Madeira Archipelago and 42% in Canary Islands) and a high proportion of exotic introduced taxa (39% in Azores, 19% in Madeira Archipelago and 8% in Canary Islands).Based on recent IUCN Red-listing of Azorean arthropods, a large fraction of the endemic taxa is under high threat.

The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Portuguese Hemiptera 01.

BACKGROUND: The InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) Hemiptera 01 dataset contains records of 131 specimens of Hemiptera. Most specimens have been morphologically identified to species or subspecies level and represent 88 species in total. The species of this dataset correspond to about 7.3% of continental Portuguese hemipteran species diversity. All specimens were collected in continental Portugal. Sampling took place from 2015 to 2019 and specimens are deposited in the IBI collection at CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources. NEW INFORMATION: This dataset increases the knowledge on the DNA barcodes and distribution of 88 species of Hemiptera from Portugal. Six species, from five different families, were new additions to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), with another twenty five species barcodes' added from under-represented taxa in BOLD. All specimens have their DNA barcodes publicly accessible through BOLD online database and the distribution data can be accessed through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Eutettix variabilis and Fieberiella florii are recorded for the first time for Portugal and Siphanta acuta, an invasive species, previously reported from the Portuguese Azores archipelago, is recorded for the first time for continental Portugal.

Scenarios for urban drainage on a Legal Amazon planned city: a case study in Palmas, Brazil / Cenários para drenagem urbana em uma cidade planejada na Amazônia Legal: um estudo de caso em Palmas, Brasil

ABSTRACT The significant urbanization of Brazil in the last decades has pushed cities to combine population growth with protection and harmonic living with their natural resources. The city of Palmas, a planned city in the Legal Amazon, is inserted in this context. In this sense, this study sought to analyze the hydrological and hydraulic responses to different scenarios of land use and occupation in one of its watersheds. Scenarios modeled with SWMM software were current, critical and compensatory techniques. The results showed that the conveyance system, including the main stream, are fully capable of conveying the affluent flow, even in the scenarios with greater impermeability of the watershed. The peak flow of the critical scenario is up to 11.12% higher than the current scenario. However, with compensatory techniques, it is possible to have a peak flow up to 25.76% smaller than the critical scenario.

RESUMO A relevante urbanização do Brasil nas últimas décadas tem pressionado as cidades a aliar o crescimento populacional à proteção e convívio com seus recursos naturais. A cidade de Palmas, uma cidade planejada na Amazônia Legal, se insere nesse contexto. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou analisar as respostas hidrológicas e hidráulicas para diferentes cenários de uso e ocupação do solo em uma de suas bacias hidrográficas. Os cenários modelados com o auxílio do software SWMM foram o atual, crítico e medidas não convencionais. Os resultados apontaram que os trechos da rede de drenagem, incluindo o curso d'água principal, são plenamente capazes de escoar as vazões, mesmo nos cenários com maior impermeabilidade da bacia. A vazão de pico do cenário crítico é de até 11.12% maior que o cenário atual. No entanto, com medidas não convencionais, pode-se ter uma vazão de pico até 25.76% menor que a do cenário crítico.

The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Portuguese Diptera 01.

BACKGROUND: The InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) Diptera 01 dataset contains records of 203 specimens of Diptera. All specimens have been morphologically identified to species level, and belong to 154 species in total. The species represented in this dataset correspond to about 10% of continental Portugal dipteran species diversity. All specimens were collected north of the Tagus river in Portugal. Sampling took place from 2014 to 2018, and specimens are deposited in the IBI collection at CIBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources. NEW INFORMATION: This dataset contributes to the knowledge on the DNA barcodes and distribution of 154 species of Diptera from Portugal and is the first of the planned IBI database public releases, which will make available genetic and distribution data for a series of taxa. All specimens have their DNA barcodes made publicly available in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) online database and the distribution dataset can be freely accessed through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).

Dipterological surveys in Portugal unveil 200 species of long-legged flies, with over 170 new to the country (Diptera: Dolichopodidae).

A first comprehensive account on the dolichopodid fauna (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) of Portugal is presented as the result of multiple surveys by primarily Portuguese researchers between 2009 and 2016. All mainland Portuguese provinces and all districts but one (Évora) were investigated. A total of 761 dolichopodid samples were collected in 278 sampling sites distributed over 87 municipalities and 182 localities, with nearly ¾ of the samples gathered by sweep net. They contained 6,680 specimens of 200 different species, with 142 recognized (known), 40 new (undescribed) and 18 doubtful species. Medetera and Dolichopus were the most diverse among the recognized species, with 20 and 18 species respectively. Fourteen genera were represented by the new species, with Medetera as most diverse. The doubtful species included one species of Pelastoneurus, which is a first record of this genus for the Palaearctic realm. At present 208 dolichopodid species are known from Portugal. A checklist with 150 recognized species is presented, with first records of 116 species for Portugal. For nearly every species, information on its distribution, ecology and rarity in Portugal and northwestern Europe is given, as well as its seasonal activity in Portugal. Raw distribution data are available as dataset in GBIF. Seventy-five pictures of species in the field, and 15 habitat photos are also provided. Current data suggest that a higher proportion of Portuguese species are rare as compared to the Flemish fauna (northern Belgium). Both share 104 species, with 38 species only recorded from Portugal; only seven can be considered Iberian or Portuguese specialities. Though differences between the two Portuguese biomes cannot be substantiated at this moment, two very common and widespread European species, Campsicnemus scambus and Chrysotimus molliculus, seem to be restricted to the Eurosiberian biome in the northwest of the country. In terms of generic representation, the Portuguese dolichopodid fauna occupies an intermediate position between those of northwestern European and other Mediterranean countries. Despite the large amount of data gathered, the dolichopodid fauna of Portugal remains insufficiently known and a considerable number of additional known and new species can be expected with continued sampling.

Sex differences in the dorsolateral telencephalon correlate with home range size in blenniid fish.

Blenniid fish exhibit a polygynandric mating system with parental care restricted to males. Nest-holder males defend a breeding territory centered on their nest, usually a crevice or hole in a rocky substrate, to which they attract females to spawn. Females, on the other hand, must search for nests in order to spawn and usually are the choosy sex, producing several sequential egg batches and broods during the breeding season. Therefore, male blennies are more site-attached than females. This situation offers an opportunity to investigate potential neural correlates of intraspecific differences in selective pressures for different spatial abilities in these species. Since the dorsolateral telencephalon has been considered a teleost homologue of the mammalian hippocampus, we predicted that the spatial abilities required for females to locate and return accurately to nests of males may have produced a sex difference in the size of the telencephalic nuclei involved in spatial abilities, biased towards females. To test this hypothesis, we assessed the home ranges and measured the size of the dorsolateral telencephalon of both sexes during the breeding season in two blenniid species, the shanny (Lipophrys pholis) and the Azorean rock-pool blenny (Parablennius parvicornis). We chose these two species because they differ in the degree of chemical communication they use, and this could also lead to differences in telencephalic areas. As predicted, in both species females present considerably larger home ranges paralleled by larger dorsolateral ventral telencephalic nuclei (DLv) than males. Other telencephalic nuclei that were measured did not show any sex difference in size. These results suggest that the DLv is involved in spatial abilities in blenniid fish and that sexual selection may be promoting this divergence as already described for mammals and birds.

Bone alkaline phosphatase besides intact parathyroid hormone in hemodialysis patients--any advantage?

BACKGROUND/AIM: Bone alkaline phosphatase (bAP) is known to be an important biochemical marker of bone formation. Through the present study, we intended to find out whether there is any advantage in bAP determination, as a routine biochemical marker, besides intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in hemodialysis patients. METHODS: In a population of 140 hemodialysis patients, bAP and iPTH were determined on four quarterly consecutive occasions. According to the values of iPTH (pg/ml) and bAP (ng/ml), patients were divided into four groups: group I: iPTH > 200 and bAP > 20, group II: iPTH > 200 and bAP < 20, group III: iPTH < 200 and bAP < 20 and group IV: iPTH < 200 and bAP > 20. Patients with higher serum phosphorus (P) (group A: P > or = 7 mg/dl) were compared with those with lower serum P levels (group B: P < 7 mg/dl). RESULTS: The global correlation between iPTH and bAP (total evaluations, n = 503) was 0.32 (p < 0.001). Group IV patients tended to show a slight increase of serum aluminum (sAl) levels, which were 12.48 +/- 5.35 microg/l higher than in the patients from group I (sAl = 9.97 +/- 4.39 microg/l), group II (sAl = 10.86 +/- 4.45 microg/l) or group III (sAl = 10.92 +/- 3.92 microg/l). Significance values (Mann-Whitney) in each group, in comparison with group IV, were the following: group I: 0.004; group II: 0.062; group III: < 0.001. Group A (n = 66) showed higher iPTH levels than group B (n = 430), although bAP and sAl were both similar in these two groups of patients (Mann-Whitney): iPTH (A) = 631.0 +/- 487.7 vs. iPTH (B) = 253.3 +/- 191.6, p < 0.001; bAP (A) = 22.9 +/- 17.4 vs. bAP (B) = 20.4 +/- 13.1, p = n.s.; sAl (A) = 10.2 +/- 3.5 vs. sAl (B) = 10.8 +/- 4.4, p = n.s. For similar Al and bAP values, group A showed a much stronger iPTH/bAP correlation than group B: r = 0.67 (p < 0.001) vs. r = 0.30 (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Although iPTH and bAP are frequently in agreement, it seems important to separate parathyroid activity given by iPTH, from bone remodelling reflected by bAP, in the presence of either a higher aluminum exposition or a well-controlled phosphatemia.