Occurrence of two histopathologically different malignancies.

BACKGROUND: Synchronous primary malignancies are defined as two or more malignancies without finding a subordinate relationship in different organs of the patient. Reports of patients with primary malignancies with hepatocellular carcinoma are rare. CASE: We describe the course of the disease in a 71-year-old patient with a synchronous occurrence of two histopathologically different malignancies. CONCLUSION: Consistent screening can detect individual tumors early. Understanding the clinicopathological properties and prognostic factors in synchronous malignancies is important to facilitate the treatment.

Differential Urinary Proteomic Analysis of Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial cancer is one of the most frequent gynecological malignancies present in more than 95 % of all uterine cancers. In spite of that, screening of such disease is not commonly performed in clinical practice due to enormous costs and relatively low sensitivity. Therefore, developing an effective screening test to diagnose endometrial cancer at early stages is of great importance for the clinical area of investigation. In this work, we applied urinary proteomics (i.e., bottom-up proteomic approach followed by nano HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) in patients with endometrial cancer, with respect to find proteins aimed for the early diagnostics and screening. According to the results, the significant semi-quantitative changes were observed in urinary proteome of treated patients. The proteins that may be pivotal in pathogenesis of endometrial cancer, like cadherin-1 (CDH1), vitronectin (VTN) and basement membrane specific-heparan sulphate proteoglycan core protein (HSPG2) were down-regulated, when compared to the control group. Ultimately, it can be stated that urinary proteomics has a potential for the searching of cancer protein biomarkers based on their altered concentration.

Recurring multifocal leiomyosarcoma of the urinary bladder 22 years after therapy for bilateral (hereditary) retinoblastoma: a case report and review of the literature.

We report on a case of urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma in a 23-year-old woman, 22 years after therapy for bilateral retinoblastoma. The tumor presented with dysuria and macroscopic haematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a tumor localized in the trigonum covered by an ulcerated urothelium. The patient underwent a transvesical tumor resection. Eight months later, a second leiomyosarcoma developed in the vertex, at a site different from the previous one. A cystoscopic trans-urethral tumor resection was performed, followed by combined chemotherapy. One year later another recurrence occurred at the site of the primary resection. Open laparotomic resection of the involved bladder wall was performed. The patient remains both recurrence and metastases free after twenty months of follow-up. Molecular analysis of the peripheral blood showed rare germline point mutation in the intron 24 of the RB1 gene. FISH analysis of the tumor tissue revealed polyploid cells with relative loss of normal RB1 gene locus, indicating deletion and second hit loss of the second RB1 allele function. Along with the ten previously reported cases, this report suggests a non-random association between the hereditary retinoblastoma and urinary bladder leiomyosarcoma. Therapy with cyclophosphamide seems to be an important risk factor. Life-long surveillance for second malignancies, including bladder leiomyosarcoma is therefore mandatory in these patients.

Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer using cisplatin.

Between the years 1981-1984, 30 patients with advanced head and neck cancer (Stages III and IV) were treated by combined chemoradiotherapy. Chemotherapy with cisplatin was given before radiotherapy and three times after radiotherapy at the same dose (3 mg/kg body weight) monthly. Radiotherapy was administered with 60Co beam three times weekly in 17 fractions, at a total dose of 51 Gy. The results were summarized after completion of the combined therapy. Of the 30 patients 8 had complete remission (27%) and 13 patients had partial remission (43%). Adverse effects in this type of therapy were moderate and no serious complication occurred. The results were compared with a group of patients previously treated with methotrexate and radiotherapy. Optimal dosage of radiotherapy in combination with antineoplastic drugs is discussed.