Disappearance of Imported Cases of Omicron Lineage BA.2.40 in West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Background: The World Health Organization has declared Omicron as the fifth variant of concern with more than 50 mutations, particularly in the spike protein. Given increased viral infectivity due to mutations, worldwide genomic surveillance and detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential. The present study aimed to track Omicron lineage BA.2.40 in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Methods: In May-August 2022, nasopharyngeal swab samples (n=3,642) were collected from international travelers to West Kalimantan (active surveillance), and patients hospitalized due to SARS-CoV-2 infection (baseline surveillance). The samples were tested for Omicron lineages based on ORF1ab, N, and HV69-70del genes, followed by whole-genome sequencing. The sequences were then identified using two genomic databases, aligned against the reference genome (Wuhan/Hu-1/2019), and then compared with BA.2.40 lineage detected across the world. Phylogenetic analysis between the samples and other SARS-CoV-2 isolates was performed using molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software. Results: Based on the genomic databases, 10 isolates were identified as BA.2.40. All samples tested positive for the ORF1ab and N genes, but negative for the HV69-70del gene, which is a marker to detect the Omicron variant. Phylogenetic analysis showed the isolates were closely related to an isolate from Malaysia, an area dominated by BA.2.40. Conclusion: Omicron lineage BA.2.40 has no HV69-70 deletion in the spike protein, a marker used to screen for the Omicron variant. BA.2.40 showed a high similarity to an isolate from Malaysia and was detected only during certain periods, indicating the effect of internationally imported cases.

Effectiveness of a Multimodal Nursing Intervention on Quality of Sleep, Fatigue, and Level of Depression Among Indonesian Patients With Gynecological Cancer: A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: The use of nonpharmacological modalities in managing symptoms experienced by patients with cancer is increasingly important in providing holistic care. However, limited studies have reported on integrating nonpharmacological interventions to improve physical and psychological symptoms of women with gynecological cancer. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a multimodal nursing intervention (MNI) on sleep quality, fatigue, and level of depression among Indonesian women with gynecological cancer. METHODS: The quasi-experimental nonequivalent group design involved 50 patients in 2 groups and used convenience sampling. An experimental group (n = 25) received MNI including progressive muscle relaxation and a counseling session; the control group received routine hospital care (n = 25). Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), depression levels by the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and fatigue by the Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS). Pretest data were collected after 3 days of hospital admission; posttest data were gathered after the intervention. RESULTS: The PSQI ( P = .000), Beck Depression Inventory-II ( P = .008), and PFS ( P = .000) changed significantly in the intervention group; the PSQI ( P = .000) and PFS ( P = .000) in the control group changed significantly. The PSQI ( P = .00) and PFS ( P = .000) scores differed significantly between the 2 groups before and after the intervention. The effect size of the MNI for difference scores before and after the intervention was medium effect size. CONCLUSIONS: The role of nonpharmacological modalities in managing symptoms experienced by patients with cancer is increasingly important to providing holistic care. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: Gynecology nurses can lead the implementation of MNI to decrease patient fatigue and depression and to increase sleep quality.

MENTAL STATUS OVERVIEW IN THE ELDERLY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A PHYLOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVE

BackgroundDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, there was a change in the mental status of the elderly, namely anxiety disorders and depression. It is important to know the mental status of the elderly and the role of effective communication because elderly people are easily infected with Covid-19. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out early detection in basic health services. ObjectiveTo know the description of the mental status of the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic. MethodNon-experimental quantitative design through a descriptive survey approach. The sample size is 202 people using quota sampling technique. Collecting data through home visits and implementing Covid-19 health protocols. The instruments used were the Geriatric Depression Scale 15 (Cronbachs alpha 0.75) and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (Cronbachs alpha 0.93). ResultsThere were 50.0% did not experience depression and 44.6% had mild depression. Although small, there is a small proportion of respondents experiencing moderate depression as much as 4.5% and 1.0% experiencing severe depression. There are 77.2% experiencing mild anxiety. A total of 21.8% experienced moderate anxiety. Although a small proportion, there are respondents experiencing severe anxiety as much as 1%. ConclusionDuring the Covid-19 pandemic, most of the elderly experienced a change in mental status. SuggestionHealth workers are expected to carry out early detection of changes in mental status in the elderly.

Phenotypic characteristic of Staphylococcus aureus from subclinical mastitis in Etawah-crossbreed goats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.

Background and Aim: Subclinical mastitis (SCM) in Etawah-grade (PE) goats in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is commonly due to Staphylococcus aureus. At present, S. aureus from SCM in PE goats in Yogyakarta has not been characterized. Therefore, this study aimed to phenotypically characterize S. aureus, which has been isolated from SCM of PE goats. Materials and Methods: A total of 314 lactating PE goats were collected from 60 PE goat farms (e.g., Sleman, Bantul, and Kulonprogo) located in parts of Yogyakarta with an average age of 3-4 years old, three of which showed SCM based on the California mastitis test (CMT). Subclinical mastitis is confirmed in PE goats if CMT shows ++ or +++. Furthermore, S. aureus was detected by biochemical assays. Staphylococcus aureus could determine hemolysin (Hae), coagulase (Coa), clumping factor (Cf), and antibiotic susceptibility. Hemolytic bacteria were detected by culturing on blood agar plate, and Cf was detected by slide agglutination. The production of Coa was detected by tube coagulation. Staphylococcus aureus susceptibility was determined by antimicrobial agar diffusion using a paper disc. Results: Phenotypically characterized S. aureus from PE goats with SCM in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Coa-, Cf-, and Hae- were found to be resistant to erythromycin (ERYTHRO), ampicillin (AMP), penicillin (PEN-G), and sulfamethoxazole (SULFA). Conclusion: The phenotypic characteristic of S. aureus, which was obtained from SCM in PE goats in Yogyakarta, consists of Coa, and Cf-. S. aureus cannot perform hemolysis of red blood cells. This phenotypic characteristic can prevent and control SCM in PE goats. Several antibiotics such as ERYTHRO, AMP, PEN-G, and SULFA were no longer effective for treating SCM in PE goats because S. aureus has developed its resistance to these antibiotics.

Molecular Docking for Active Compounds of Scurrula Atropurpurea as Anti-inflammatory Candidate in Endometriosis.

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is still a problem for women all over the world. There are no studies that apply herbs, especially Scurrula atropurpurea to inhibit the development of inflammation in endometriosis. AIM: The purpose of this study was to analyze the docking of active ingredient of Scurrula atropurpurea on NFkB-IkB complex with IKK in silico way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The nine active ingredients of Scurrula atropurpurea analyzed here were including aviculin (CID 10391477), caffeine (CID 2519), catechin (CID: 9064), epicatechin (CID: 72276), kaempferol (CID 5280863), quercetin (CID 5280343), quercitrin (CID 5280459)), rutin (CID 5280805), and theobromine (CID 5429). The sequence of study procedures included searching for amino acid sequences and active plant component structures, protein 3D structure modeling, docking and analysis of protein-ligand interaction. RESULTS: Regarding the NFkB-IkB complex, it was found that all active ingredients can interact where the strongest interaction sequence was rutin (-314.35 kJ/mol). Regarding the interaction between IKK and NFkB-IkB, the nine active ingredients can reduce bond energy, except rutin. CONCLUSIONS: the active ingredients of Scurrula atropurpurea having the potential effect as anti-inflammatory is rutin so that it can be isolated and used as an alternative ingredient in inhibiting inflammation in endometriosis.