[The nature of different influence of Cd2+ ions on the conformation of three-stranded polyU-polyA-polyU and polyI-polyA-polyI in aqueous solution].

The methods of UV (DUV) spectroscopy and thermal denaturation were used to study the effect of Cd2+ ions on the conformational equilibrium of three-stranded (A21, A2U) and single-stranded (poly U, poly A and poly I) polynucleotides in aqueous solutions containing 0.1 M Na+ (pH 7). An analysis of the form and intensities of DUV-spectra of poly A, poly I and A2I revealed the presence of two types of complexes: interaction with N7 of purines, resulting in the formation of macrochelates and binding to N1 of poly A and poly I. Cd2+ ions do not bind to heteroatoms of A2U nitrogen bases, and, therefore, the conformation of its structure remains unchanged up to a concentration of Cd2+ 0.01 M. A "critical" concentration (1.5x10(-4) M) of Cd2+ ions exists above which A2I transits cooperatively into a new helical conformation, which has a lower thermostability. It is supposed that, during the formation of metallized A2I, Cd2+ ions form bridges between the adenine and hypoxanthine of its homopolynucleotide circuits, being arranged inside the triple helix.

Mg2+ and Ni2+ ion effect on stability and structure of triple poly I.poly A.poly I helix.

The effects of Mg2+ and Ni2+ ions on the absorption spectra of IMP, single-stranded poly I and three-stranded A2I in solutions with 0.1 M Na+ (pH 7) have been studied. In contrast to Mg2+ ions, the Ni2+ ions affect the absorption spectra of these polynucleotides and IMP. The concentration dependences of the intensity at the extrema in the differential UV spectra suggest that in the region of high Ni2+ concentrations ionic complexes with poly I and A2I are formed, which are characterized by the association constants K'''I = 2000 M(-1) and K'''A2I = 550 M(-1), respectively. The shape of the DUV spectra prompts the conclusion that these complexes are formed due to the inner-sphere interaction of Ni2+ ions with N7 of poly I and A2I presumably due to the outer-sphere Ni2+-O6 interaction. The formation of the complexes leads to destruction of A2I triplexes. The dependences of the melting temperature (T(m)) of A2I on Mg2+ and Ni2+ concentrations have been measured. The thermal stability is observed to increase at the ionic contents up to 0.01 M Mg2+ and only to 2x10(-4) M Ni2+. At higher contents of Ni2+ ions, T(m) lowers and the cooperativity of A2I melting decreases continuously. In all the cases the melting process is the A2I-->A+I+I (3-->1) transition. According to the "ligand" theory, these effects are generated by the energy-advantageous Ni2+ binding to single-stranded poly I (K'''A2I < K'''I) and by the greater number of binding sites which appears during the 3-->1 transition and is entropy-advantageous.

[Fermentative hydrolysate of mycelial waste of aminoglycoside antibiotics production as component of culture media used in biosynthesis of tobramycin]. / Fermentativnyi gidrolizat mitselial'nykh otkhodov proizvodstva aminoglikozidnykh antibiotikov kak komponent pitatel'nykh sred, ispol'zuemykh pri biosinteze tobramitsina.

New nutrient media for cultivation of the tobramycin-producing organism were developed. As an additional source of nitrogen the media contain fermentative hydrolysate of the mycelial waste of manufacture of aminoglycoside antibiotics (tobramycin and apramycin). The use of the media provided a 20 to 50% decrease of consumption of soybean meal, an essential food raw material, and design of a low-waste technology for biosynthesis of tobramycin.