Establishing a working definition for veterinary care desert.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a formal definition of veterinary care deserts as guidance for veterinary and animal welfare professionals to easily identify areas with limited access to veterinary care that can be targeted with expansion or implementation of programs and services. SAMPLE: 52 sources relating to veterinary care and 55 sources relating to human resource deserts were reviewed for themes and parameters relating to resource desert definitions and barriers to care. Of these, 37 veterinary and 42 human sources were included to inform the themes and parameters for our definition. METHODS: We performed a scoping literature review with a focus on veterinary care barriers and definitions of human resource deserts. RESULTS: The review identified 3 common themes of accessibility (transportation; distance to resource), affordability (owner income or poverty level; cost of care), and availability (density of professionals) that were incorporated into the definition of a veterinary care desert and parameterized at the level of census tracts. A working definition for veterinary care deserts was established as a geographic area where accessible, affordable, and available veterinary care is limited. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: By consulting publicly available census tract data on accessibility, affordability, and availability, veterinary care providers and organizations can use this definition to identify areas most likely to be experiencing reduced access to veterinary care and target interventions accordingly.

Veterinarians' perceptions of COVID-19 pandemic-related influences on veterinary telehealth and on pet owners' attitudes toward cats and dogs.

OBJECTIVE: To gather and evaluate veterinarians' perspectives about the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of veterinary telehealth and on cat owners' versus dog owners' attitudes toward transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from their pets. SAMPLE: 93 respondent veterinarians (47 in primary care practice and 46 in specialty practice). PROCEDURES: An online survey was conducted between June 15 and July 15, 2020, and included 21 questions concerning demographics, use of telehealth before and after the onset of the pandemic (before March 15, 2020, and between March 15 and June 15, 2020, respectively), changes in caseloads, and perception of clients' concerns about potential for transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from pets. Reported zip codes informed the collection of census data. RESULTS: The level of poverty was significantly lower in zip code areas for respondents who reported telehealth services were (vs were not) offered before the pandemic. The percentage of respondents who reported their practice offered telehealth services increased from 12% (11/93) before the pandemic to 38% (35/93) between March 15 and June 15, 2020. Although most respondents reported owner-expressed concerns over SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission from their pets, most also reported increased caseloads, seeing newly adopted pets, and few discussions of surrender of pets for reasons related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings indicated that caseloads increased and telehealth services expanded during the pandemic but that there was no evidence of differences in respondent-reported owner concern for SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission from cats versus dogs.