Rubus moluccanus L.: a valuable medicinal plant of traditional system of medicine.

Rubus moluccanus L., commonly known as Molucca bramble or broad-leaf bramble is a member of family Rosaceae which occurs mainly in tropical Asia and Australia. It has applications in indigenous medicines and is used in the treatment of number of ailments like headache, diarrhoea, dysentery, abdominal pain, nocturnal micturition of children and enhancement of female fertility. This plant is a rich and valuable source of bioactive flavonoids, terpenes and other chemical compounds. The presence of these active chemical compounds exerts antibacterial, antifungal, antihelminthic and antioxidant activities. Regardless of its use in various diseases and disorders, the information about this plant is scanty. So the present review assessed and summarised the knowledge on taxonomy, morphology, geographical distribution, nutritional value, ethnobotany, phytochemistry and biological activities of R. moluccanus.

Effect of Individual, Simultaneous and Sequential Inoculation of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Meloidogyne incognita on Growth, Biochemical, Enzymatic and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.).

This study was conducted on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. K-21) to investigate the bioprotective nature of Pseudomonas fluorescens and its interactive effects with Meloidogyne incognita in terms of growth biomarkers, changes in biochemical attributes and modulation in antioxidant enzymes of the tomato plant. In this study, we grew tomato plants with M. incognita and P. fluorescens in separate pots, simultaneously and sequentially (15 days prior or post) after 15 days of seed sowing. The sequential inoculation of Mi15→Pf maximally increased the root-knot index and decreased the nematode population. It was also noted that inoculation suppressed the plant growth biomarkers in comparison to control. However, maximum suppression in nematode reproduction and increment in growth and physiological attributes were observed when P. fluorescens was applied 15 days prior to the nematode (Pf15→Mi) as compared to control. All the treatments showed an increase in antioxidant enzymes. Expression of phenol content and defensive enzymes such as peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased, in contrast to a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contents when compared with the untreated inoculated plants. However, the highest levels of POX and SOD, and a lowest of phenol, MDA and H2O2 were displayed in the treatment Pf15→Mi, followed by Mi+Pf and Mi15→Pf.