(Un)making labor invisible: A syllabus.

From industrial psychology and occupational therapy to the laboratory bench and scenes of "heroic" fieldwork, there are important connections between the science of labor and the labor of science. Participants in the 2022 Gordon Cain Conference explored how greater attention to these connections might deepen historical understanding of what constitutes "science" and what counts as "labor." Our conversations circled around themes of vulnerability (of systems, individual bodies, historical testimony), affect (pertaining to historical actors and ourselves), and interdependence (e.g. across human groups, species, political boundaries, and time). For the members of this group, which grew out of a panel discussion, these themes and motivations coalesced around a topical focus on invisibility, which helped us to articulate - in the form of a co-created syllabus - research questions about science and labor from multiple angles pertaining to practice, archival preservation, and scholarly representation. This syllabus is organized into six thematic modules that aim to challenge and historicize the concept of invisible labor by facilitating comparisons across geographic, temporal, conceptual, and disciplinary boundaries. The goals of this collaborative syllabus, in sum, are manifold: we seek to facilitate more inclusive histories of science through critical engagement with "invisibility" and thereby promote a more expansive understanding of what constitutes scientific labor; to highlight the constitutive role of gendered labor practices in the scientific enterprise; to draw attention to interdependencies that make all forms of production (knowledge or material) possible; to elucidate systems of remuneration for scientific labor over the longue durée and through pointed comparisons; and, finally, to promote self-reflexivity about the methods we use to narrate the history of science and make sense of our own labors.

Making Historicity: Paleontology and the Proximity of the Past in Germany, 1775-1825.

This article analyzes the making of a novel consciousness of historicity in Germany around 1800, one that regarded mountains as vaults of a shared and palpable past. Revisiting a paleontological debate about the origin of large mammal bones found in caves, it reads the science of Johann Christian Rosenmüller (1771-1820) as a social and political accomplishment. By attributing the fossils to an indigenous "cave bear," and communicating an elite scientific debate to a lay audience, Rosenmüller presented an account of Germany's primordial past that fed seamlessly into its present, nurturing an idea of nationhood grounded in the (sub)soil.

Histologic comparison of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor-induced psoriasis and psoriasis vulgaris.

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi)-induced psoriasis is a paradoxic reaction characterized by the development of a psoriasiform rash that mimics idiopathic psoriasis subtypes both clinically and histologically. Few studies have investigated the histologic features of TNFi-induced psoriasis skin lesions, and most of these are limited by inclusion of few specimens. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to characterize histologic features of TNFi-induced psoriasis and identify histologic differences between TNFi-induced psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis. METHODS: We characterized 60 biopsy specimens obtained from 47 unique patients at a single tertiary care referral center between 2004 and 2016 who developed TNFi-induced psoriasis, and we compared histologic features to those of 85 biopsy specimens from a control group of 85 patients with idiopathic psoriasis. RESULTS: The most common histologic reaction pattern in TNFi-induced psoriasis biopsy specimens was psoriasiform (80.0%). Five histologic parameters were significantly different in TNFi-induced psoriasis biopsy specimens compared with idiopathic psoriasis biopsy specimens: at least 3 dermal eosinophils per histologic section, neutrophils in the stratum corneum, neutrophils in the epidermis, papillary plate thinning, and absence of parakeratosis. LIMITATIONS: Inability to exclude lesion selection bias as a potential reason for some significant histologic differences. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports the idea that histologic differences exist between TNFi-induced psoriasis and idiopathic psoriasis may help distinguish between these conditions, especially for dermal eosinophil counts of 3 or greater.

Geometric morphometric analysis of the breast-shoulder apparatus of lizards: a test case using Jamaican anoles (Squamata: Dactyloidae).

The breast-shoulder apparatus (BSA) is a structurally and kinematically complex region of lizards. Compared with the pelvic region it has received little attention, even though its morphological variation is known to be extensive. This variability has seldom been the focus of functional explanation, possibly because the BSA has been difficult to explore as a composite entity. In this study we apply geometric morphometric techniques to the analysis of the BSA in an attempt to more fully understand its configuration in relation to differential use in locomotion. Our approach centers upon the Jamaican radiation of anoline lizards (genus Norops) as a tractable, small monophyletic assemblage consisting of species representing several ecomorphs. We hypothesized that the different species and ecomorphs would exhibit variation in the configuration of the BSA. Our findings indicate that this is so, and is expressed in the component parts of the BSA, although it is subtle except for Norops valencienni (twig ecomorph), which differs greatly in morphology (and behavior) from its island congeners. We further found similarities in the BSA of N. grahami, N. opalinus (both trunk-crown ecomorphs), and N. garmani (crown giant). These outcomes are promising for associating morphology with ecomorphological specialization and for furthering our understanding of the adaptive response of the BSA to demands on the locomotor system.

Development of the dorsal circumorbital bones in the leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) and its bearing on the homology of these elements in the gekkota.

Five nominal elements comprise the circumorbital series of bones in gekkotans: prefrontal, postfrontal, postorbital, jugal, and lacrimal. Determination of the homology of two of these, the postfrontal and postorbital, has been particularly problematic. Two conflicting hypothesis exist relating to these: either the postorbital is lost and the postfrontal remains or they fuse during development to form a combined element, the postorbitofrontal. Such a combined element apparently occurs in at least some members of all lizard clades. There is, however, no direct developmental evidence that supports either theory. To overcome that, we investigate the sequence and pattern of ossification in the circumorbital region in a developmental series of the Leopard gecko. We posit that both the postfrontal and postorbital appear during development. Contrary to previous predictions they neither fuses to each other, nor do either degenerate. Instead, the postfrontal shifts anteriorly and fuses with the frontal to become indistinguishable from it by the time of hatching, and the postorbital persists as a robust independent element bounding the frontoparietal suture. These observations accord, in part, with both hypotheses of homology of these elements and result in the recognition of a new pattern, placing in doubt the existence of the composite postorbitofrontal. The phylogenetic implications of these findings may prove to be far reaching if similar and conserved patterns of development are encountered in other clades.