Indian consensus on chronic constipation in adults: A joint position statement of the Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association and the Indian Society of Gastroenterology.

The Indian Motility and Functional Diseases Association and the Indian Society of Gastroenterology developed this evidence-based practice guideline for management of chronic constipation. A modified Delphi process was used to develop this consensus containing 29 statements, which were generated by electronic voting iteration as well as face to face meeting and review of the supporting literature primarily from India. These statements include 9 on epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic criteria; 8 on pathophysiology; and the remaining 12 on investigations and treatment. When the proportion of those who voted either to accept completely or with minor reservation was 80% or higher, the statement was regarded as accepted. The members of the consensus team believe that this would be useful for teaching, clinical practice, and research on chronic constipation in India and in other countries with similar spectrum of the disorders.

Litigations in Obstetric and Gynecological Practice: Can it be prevented? A Probability to Possibility.

BACKGROUND: Litigation in medical practice is becoming a global problem. So it is necessary to know what constitutes negligence and what is required to prove it and how far it is preventable. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence and reasons for litigations in Obstetrics and Gynaecology for medical negligence and deficiency in service. To analyze on what grounds negligence was proved and to know whether it was preventable. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a retrospective analysis of the judgments obtained from all the District Consumer Courts of South India and was specifically analyzed for reasons in filing the case, nature of settlement, and factors considered in deciding negligence especially in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. RESULTS: Totally 1317 cases were found on medical negligence and deficiency in service, with 347 (26.34 %) cases on Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBG) topping the list. Out of 347 cases on OBG 312 (89.91 %) cases were settled in the Courts. Negligence was proved in 98 (31.41 %) cases and 214 (68.59 %) cases were dismissed without compensation. 77 (24.68 %) cases on gynecology were filed with common reasons for litigation being Post-op complications, intraop complications (11.68 %), extension of surgery beyond consent (2.6 %) and out of 235 (75.32 %) cases on Obstetrics, tubectomy failure (23.82 %), birth asphyxia (10.21 %), traumatic injury to new born (5.96 %) were the common reasons for litigations. Inadequate documentation and improper consent were the main factors considered in deciding negligence on part of the doctors. CONCLUSION: With reasonable skill and care in diagnosis and treatment, proper documentation and legally valid consent it is not probable but possible to prevent litigations.

Olmesartan-related sprue-like enteropathy.

Chronic diarrhea is a common clinical problem in gastroenterology practice and often difficult to diagnose the cause. Presence of villous atrophy in these subjects is not specific as differential diagnosis can be broad. Drug-induced diarrhea is often overlooked during the evaluation. We report a short series of such challenging small bowel diarrhea secondary to olmesartan-related sprue-like enteropathy.

Anomalous biliary duct mistaken as hilar stricture. A case report.

Anomalous biliary anatomy is frequently encountered by surgeons during cholecystectomy. Importance of its recognition lies in avoiding serious biliary injuries. One such anomaly is cholecystohepatic duct. We describe rare clinical situation wherein agenesis of CHD along with cholecystohepatic duct was mistaken for hilar stricture.