RESUMO
La inmunoterapia en el cáncer emerge como un tratamiento novedoso y prometedor en una gran variedad de tumores, incluido el cáncer cutáneo no melanoma. Los anticuerpos inhibidores de proteínas de control inmunitario están dirigidos fundamentalmente a las moléculas de superficie CTLA-4 (antígeno citotóxico de los linfocitos T) y PD-1 (molécula de muerte programada 1). En el presente artículo se revisan las vías de CTLA-4 y PD-1/PD-L1 (PD-1/ligando de la PD-1) y las evidencias actuales de tratamiento con inhibidores de puntos de control inmunitario en los principales tipos de cáncer cutáneo no melanoma
Immunotherapy is emerging as a new and promising treatment for a great variety of tumors, including nonmelanoma skin cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors -antibodies that block proteins that regulate the immune system- mainly target the surface protein CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) and the PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1/PD-ligand 1) axis. We review the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways and current evidence supporting checkpoint inhibitor therapy in the main types of nonmelanoma skin cancer
Assuntos
Humanos , Imunoterapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Antígeno CTLA-4/antagonistas & inibidores , Antígeno B7-H1/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , Ativação Linfocitária/fisiologia , Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel/imunologia , Carcinoma de Célula de Merkel/terapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/imunologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Carcinoma Basocelular/imunologiaRESUMO
Immunotherapy is emerging as a new and promising treatment for a great variety of tumors, including nonmelanoma skin cancer. Checkpoint inhibitors -antibodies that block proteins that regulate the immune system- mainly target the surface protein CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4) and the PD-1/PD-L1 (programmed cell death protein 1/PD-ligand 1) axis. We review the CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways and current evidence supporting checkpoint inhibitor therapy in the main types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
Assuntos
Imunoterapia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/terapia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Ipilimumab/uso terapêutico , Nivolumabe/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Lipomatose/diagnóstico , Doenças da Língua/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Lipomatose/etiologia , Lipomatose/patologia , Lipomatose/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças da Língua/etiologia , Doenças da Língua/patologia , Doenças da Língua/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Cutaneous-mucosal lesions constitute one of the most frequent extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn's disease and in some cases may be the first symptom of intestinal disease. We describe the case of a 45-year-old female patient who sought medical help for genital tumefaction of 20 years' evolution. For the previous 15 years, she had been experiencing digestive symptomatology attributed to irritable bowel syndrome. Two months before the consultation, and coinciding with aggravation of the condition, the patient had been diagnosed with colonic Crohn's disease. Skin biopsy of the labia minora revealed sarcoid granulomas. The results of microbiological studies (staining for microorganisms and cultures) were negative. A diagnosis of metastatic vulvar Crohn's disease was made and, treatment with metronidazole was started, which improved the genital edema after 2 months. Genital lymphedema is an exceptionally rare manifestation of metastatic Crohn's disease that may appear several years before intestinal symptomatology develops. Treatment with metronidazole seems to be a good therapeutic option.