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Introdução: A terapia pulpar vital é o tratamento que visa a manutenção da vitalidade pulpar e da função do dente. Para a pulpotomia, os materiais são escolhidos baseados em algumas características fundamentais, tais como a biocompatibilidade e bioatividade. Atualmente, o Agregado de Trióxido Mineral (MTA) é o mais comumente utilizado para este procedimento. Objetivo: Identificar o melhor material para uso em pulpotomia em dentes decíduos considerando a propriedade de biocompatibilidade, através de revisão sistemática da literatura e metanálise. Material e Métodos: A pergunta norteadora foi: "Qual é o melhor agente para pulpotomia em termos de biocompatibilidade?". Foi realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados eletrônicas Medline/PubMed, SciELO, LILACS e Web of Science sem restrição de data inicial até outubro de 2020, usando os seguintes descritores padronizados pelo Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): "pulpotomy", "pulp therapy", "biomaterials", "biocompatible materials", "pulp capping agent", "pulp capping materials".Resultados: Um total de 358 estudos foram identificados, sendo 15 deles selecionados para análise qualitativa e seis para metanálise. A revisão avaliou aspectos clínicos, radiográficos e histológicos, considerando diferentes períodos de acompanhamento, amostras e metodologias. Diversos materiais foram encontrados e o MTA foi o mais frequente. Embora os resultados qualitativos tenham sido pouco conclusivos em relação ao melhor deles, foi possível estabelecer que o Cimento Portland é uma alternativa viável para a substituição do MTA. Conclusão: A metanálise demonstrou que o MTA é o material mais favorável para uso em pulpotomias em dentes decíduos.
Introduction: Vital pulp therapy is the treatment aimed at maintaining pulp vitality and tooth function. For pulpotomy, materials are chosen based on some fundamental characteristics, such as biocompatibility and bioactivity. Currently, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is the most commonly used for this procedure. Objective: To identify the best material for use in pulpotomy in deciduous teeth considering the property of biocompatibility, through a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: The guiding question was: "What is the best agent for pulpotomy considering the biocompatibility property?". A search was performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO, LILACS and Web of Science without an initial date until October 2020, using the following descriptors recognized by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH): "pulpotomy", "pulp therapy", "biomaterials", "biocompatible materials'', "pulp capping agent", "pulp capping materials". Results: A total of 358 studies were identified, 15 of them selected to qualitative analysis and six to meta-analysis. The revision evaluated clinical, radiographic and histological aspects, considering different follow-up periods, samples and methodologies. Several materials were found and MTA was the most frequent. Although the qualitative results were inconclusive in relation to the best of them, it was possible to establish that the Portland Cement is a viable alternative for MTA replacement. Conclusion: The meta-analysis demonstrated that MTA is the most favorable material for use in pulpotomies in deciduous teeth.
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A disseminação do Sars-CoV-2, agenteetiológicoda COVID-19, se tornou um problema de saúde pública de importância internacional. Dentre as medidas para conter seu espraiamento, está asuspensão das aulas em instituições de ensino.Assim, esta revisão integrativa objetiva apresentar um panorama sobre o impacto da pandemia no ensino da Odontologia nas instituições brasileiras.Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Medline, LILACS e SciELO, utilizando-se descritores nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Foram recuperados 60 estudos, sendo 17 elegíveis para leitura integral. Destes, 4 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Observou-se que o modelo de Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) por meio de ferramentas digitaisfoi a estratégia de ensino não presencial mais utilizada nas instituições brasileiras. O ERE permitiu que o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 fosse sentido de maneira mais branda pela comunidade acadêmica brasileira, engajando alunos e diminuindo a ansiedade de alunos e professores. Por outro lado, a infraestrutura tecnológica deficiente no Brasil contribuiu para a dificuldade em substituir as atividades clínicas. Fato ainda exacerbado pela dificuldade de adequação da infraestrutura física das instituições durante o planejamento de retorno às atividades presenciais. Apesar de todas as estratégias de superação, desempenhadas pelas instituições brasileiras de ensino odontológico, estas não foram refletidas em literatura científica nas bases de dados indexadas.Assim, enfatiza-se a necessidade de trabalhos sobre esta temática, para que seja possível disseminar as experiências vividas durante o período pandêmico (AU).
The spread of SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, has become a public health problem of international importance. Among the measures to curb its spread is the suspension of classes in educational institutions. Thus, this integrative review aims to provide an overview of the impact of the pandemic on dentistry education in Brazilian institutions. The Medline, LILACS and SciELO databases were searched using descriptors in English and Portuguese.A total of 60 studies were retrieved, with17eligible for full reading. Of these, 4 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was observed that the emergency remote education (ERE) model through digital tools was the most used remoteteaching strategy in Brazilian institutions. ERE allowed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic to be felt more mildly by the Brazilian academic community, better engaging students and reducing the anxiety of students and teachers. On the other hand, the deficient technological infrastructure in Brazil contributed to difficulty inreplacing clinical activities. This fact is further exacerbated by the difficulty of adapting the physical infrastructure of the institutions whenplanning to returnto in-personactivities. Despite numerousstrategies employedby Brazilian dental education institutions, theywere not reflected in the scientific literature in the indexed databases.Thus, there is aneed for studies on this topic so that it is possible to disseminate the experiences lived during the pandemic period (AU).
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Educação a Distância , Educação em Odontologia , Tecnologia da Informação , COVID-19 , Universidades , Brasil , InfraestruturaRESUMO
Healthcare services must be guided by biosafety practices and microbial control. This control is highly influenced by humidity, which directly impacts the maintenance of sterility of the materials used in the appointments. High concentration of moisture, in the form of aerosol, splashes and spills, is caused during dental care. During the COVID-19 times the contamination by aerosol and droplets worries greatly. Considering that it could cause harm to the sterility of an autoclaved material, especially in dental environments, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of SMS sterilization packages (Spunbonded / Meltblown / Spunbonded) against microbial penetration in an aqueous vehicle. SMS of three brands were challenged, equally divided into two groups: virgin and processed (subjected to a single autoclaving cycle). Each specimen was aseptically deposited on Macconkey agar. Subsequently, 5 µL of Escherichia coliATCC 25922 saline solution [108CFU mL-1] was deposited in center of the SMS specimen and the dish incubated at36°C/ 48h. Reading was performed by the presence or absence of bacterial growth typical of the species under the SMS, observed on the back of Petri dish. The lowest penetration rate observed was 60% for one of the brands in the virgin condition, and 75% for two brands in the processed condition. Statistical analysis showed an association between bacterial penetration and the evaluated group, this association being valid only in the virgin condition. The different SMS behave similarly in terms of resistance to bacterial penetration after being processed. The data show that moisture can assist in bacterial transport through sterilized SMS. Therefore, SMS packages are not able to prevent bacterial penetration, and possibly other microorganisms, when in aqueous vehicles, offering a potential risk of breaking the aseptic chain. Thus, care must be taken in routines for handling and storage sterile packaging.
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Embalagem de Produtos/instrumentação , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/instrumentação , Consultórios Odontológicos/organização & administração , Umidade/prevenção & controle , Esterilização/instrumentação , Controle de Infecções/instrumentação , Estudo de Avaliação , Embalagem de Medicamentos/instrumentação , Solução Salina/análise , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Fenômenos Microbiológicos/imunologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the dentists' knowledge about biosafety considering the SARS-CoV-2 and the risks of increasing the COVID-19 outbreak by dental practices during the pandemic in Brazil. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed by internet-based snowball sampling technique. A questionnaire with questions about different content was applied, and then analyzed the following two parameters: participants' Brazilian region and professional's specialty. Results: A total of 413 e-questionnaires from all Brazilian regions were considered valid. There were no significant differences among biosafety measures adopted by participants from different Brazilian regions (p≥0.05), except for those from North region, which have applied less previous oral antisepsis, temperature screening, and specific anamnesis tracking COVID-19 symptoms (p<0.05). The unique use of N95 mask was positively associated with North region (p<0.05). Expert participants of Groups 2 (oral surgery and correlate areas) and 4 (orthodontics, oral radiology and facial jaw orthopedics) were more updated than other ones (p<0.05). Conclusion: The biosafety protocols applied by participants were not adequate for the epidemiologic status of COVID-19 in each region of Brazil, from 13th May to 17th June 2020. Specialties linked to microbiology area or structured social networks have better applied preventive measures for COVID-19.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos , Controle de Infecções Dentárias , Consultórios Odontológicos , Odontólogos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual/microbiologia , COVID-19 , Brasil/epidemiologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais/métodos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Atenção à Saúde , Respiradores N95RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the best strategy for pacifier disinfection methods. Material and Methods: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to find all relevant articles published over the past 20 years, based on PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers extracted data independently by using a standardized form. The following factors were recorded: country of study, type of study, pacifier material, sample number, microorganisms analyzed, decontamination methods used, method accessibility and results found. Results: A total of 121 articles were obtained from all databases. The selected documents underwent a final screening, resulting in 8 articles. The method of disinfection analyzed by the literature were: 3.5% neutral detergent, apple cider vinegar 70% spray, boiling water during 15 minutes, sodium hypochlorite 2.5, hydrogen peroxide 70% spray, chlorhexidine 0.12%, Brushtox®, sterile water and microwave. Conclusion: Because of the broad methods for pacifier disinfection and different levels of accessibility to disinfectant agents, the pacifier consensus for decontamination remains unclear. Although the disinfection methods are diverse, the methods suggested to its disinfection were identified and described in this article.
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Abstract Objective: To evaluate the best strategy for pacifier disinfection methods. Material and Methods: The literature search was conducted on MEDLINE/PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, Web of Science, and Scopus databases to find all relevant articles published over the past 20 years, based on PRISMA guidelines. Two reviewers extracted data independently by using a standardized form. The following factors were recorded: country of study, type of study, pacifier material, sample number, microorganisms analyzed, decontamination methods used, method accessibility and results found. Results: A total of 121 articles were obtained from all databases. The selected documents underwent a final screening, resulting in 8 articles. The method of disinfection analyzed by the literature were: 3.5% neutral detergent, apple cider vinegar 70% spray, boiling water during 15 minutes, sodium hypochlorite 2.5, hydrogen peroxide 70% spray, chlorhexidine 0.12%, Brushtox®, sterile water and microwave. Conclusion: Because of the broad methods for pacifier disinfection and different levels of accessibility to disinfectant agents, the pacifier consensus for decontamination remains unclear. Although the disinfection methods are diverse, the methods suggested to its disinfection were identified and described in this article.
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Comportamento de Sucção , Descontaminação , Coronavirus , Chupetas/microbiologia , Microbiologia Ambiental , Brasil , Desinfecção , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
Techniques to decrease losses from bacterial diseases are always important to improve the fish production. The use of antagonistic substances (bacteriocins) has been proven to be a viable option. The aim of this study was to evaluate different methods of purification for bacteriocin like inhibitory substances (BLIS). For the purification process, we isolated and used two Gram-positive bacilli that produce antagonistic substances for pathogens in aquaculture. Tests for detection of interfering factors were also performed. After the confirmation that the antagonistic action was due the BLIS activity, we carried out the purification methods. The methods tested were: cell free supernatant, acid extraction and ammonium sulfate precipitation at two concentrations (20 and 50%). Salmonella Tiphy CFP/IAL1472 and Aeromonas hydrophila (isolated in a tilapia production environment) were used as indicators of the efficiency of extracts in controlling pathogenic potentials. Ammonium sulfate precipitation at 50% was the most appropriate for purifying the antagonistic substance for both indicators. The extracts of the two isolates remained active for 22 days at 25ºC. These are promising results regarding the water and fish health without the use of antibiotics, in this manner being a safer environmental practice.
Técnicas para diminuir as perdas causadas por doenças bacterianas são importantes para melhorar continuamente a produção de pescado. O uso de substâncias antagônicas (bacteriocinas) tem-se mostrado uma opção viável. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar diferentes métodos de purificação de bacteriocinas como substâncias inibidoras (BLIS). Dois bacilos Gram-positivos, produtores de substâncias antagonistas para agentes patogênicos da aquicultura, foram utilizados em processos de purificação. Depois de confirmada a ação antagônica pela atividade de BLIS, os métodos de purificação foram realizados. Os métodos testados foram: células livres de sobrenadante, extração ácida e precipitação por sulfato de amônia em duas concentrações (20 e 50%). Salmonella Typhi PCP/IAL1472 e Aeromonas hydrophila (isolada de um ambiente de tilapicultura) foram utilizadas como indicadores de eficiência dos extratos. O precipitado por sulfato de amônio a 50% foi o mais adequado para purificar a substância antagonista para ambos os isolados indicadores. Os extratos dos dois isolados permaneceram ativos por 22 dias em 25ºC. Estes resultados são promissores do ponto de vista da manutenção da sanidade da água e dos peixes, sem uso de antibióticos, constituindo uma prática ambientalmente mais segura.
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Bacilos Gram-Positivos/isolamento & purificação , Bacteriocinas/isolamento & purificação , Pesqueiros/análise , AquiculturaRESUMO
Abstract This study was aimed to provide a longitudinal overview of the subgingival bacterial microbiome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique, in women in the second trimester of pregnancy (between 14 and 24 weeks), and 48 h and 8 weeks postpartum. Of 31 women evaluated during pregnancy, 24 returned for the 48-h and 18 for their 8-week exams postpartum. Probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, and presence of calculus were recorded. Subgingival plaque samples were collected, and FISH was used to identify the numbers of eight periodontal pathogens. Friedman test was used to compare differences between follow-up examinations, followed by a multiple comparison test for a post hoc pairwise comparison. Clinically, a significantly greater number of teeth with PD = 4-5 mm were found during pregnancy than on postpartum examinations. Microbial analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in cell count over the study period for Prevotella nigrescens. P. intermedia, Campylobacter rectus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis also decrease, although not significantly, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans increased. No significant changes were found for Fusobacterium nucleatum, Treponema denticola, or Tannerella forsythia. Our data demonstrate a change in the subgingival microbiota during pregnancy, at least for P. nigrescens.
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Humanos , Gravidez , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Periodontite/microbiologia , Idade Gestacional , Gengiva/microbiologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/microbiologia , Valores de Referência , Fatores de Tempo , Periodonto/microbiologia , Índice Periodontal , Estudos Longitudinais , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Período Pós-Parto , Carga Bacteriana , Microbiota , Tannerella forsythia/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias Gram-Negativas/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Bacteriocins are antibacterial, proteinaceous substances that mediate microbial dynamics. Bacteriocin production is a highly disseminated property among all major lineages of bacteria, including Shigella. In this paper, we addressed the purification and characterisation of a bacteriocin produced by a Shigella sonnei strain (SS9) isolated from a child with acute diarrhoea. The substance was purified through ammonium-sulphate precipitation and sequential steps of chromatography. The intracellular fraction obtained at 75% ammonium sulphate maintained activity following exposure to pH values from 1-11 and storage at -80ºC for more than two years and was inactivated by high temperatures and proteases. The molecular mass of the purified bacteriocin was determined by mass spectrometry to be 18.56 kDa. The N-terminal sequence of the bacteriocin did not match any other antibacterial proteins described. A putative new bacteriocin produced by S. sonnei has been detected. This bacteriocin may represent a newly described protein or a previously described protein with a newly detected function. Considering that SS9 expresses antagonism against other diarrhoeagenic bacteria, the bacteriocin may contribute to S. sonnei virulence and is potentially applicable to either preventing or controlling diarrhoeal disease.