Interleukin gene polymorphisms and alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease which results in non-scarring hair loss on the scalp or any surface with hair. Several genetic polymorphisms of the interleukin genes have been linked with this disease but the results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done to find the association between rs3118470, rs2275913, rs3212227, and rs10889677 of the IL2RA, IL17A, IL12B, and IL23R genes, respectively, of the interleukin family with alopecia areata. METHODS: A comprehensive search for relevant research articles was conducted in Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases. Our search yielded 8 relevant articles with 1940 cases and 1788 controls. The odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals was calculated using fixed effect and random effect models. Heterogeneity was determined using the Q-test and I2 test. Publication bias was determined and funnel plots were used to adjust the odds ratio. RESULTS: We found a significant risk effect for rs3118470 of the IL2RA gene with alopecia areata in the dominant model (CC + CT vs TT; OR = 1.54, 95% confidence interval = 1.05-2.26, P < .05, I2 = 69.03%) and homozygous model (CC vs TT; OR = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-3.71, P < .05, I2 = 72.84%). For the other single nucleotide polymorphisms, we could not find any statistically significant association with the disease. CONCLUSION: Our analysis showed that mutation of rs3118470 of IL2RA gene possesses a significant risk effect for alopecia areata. Future studies with larger sample sizes and ethnic backgrounds are warranted to confirm our findings.

An Improved Method for Purification of the Residual Bodies from the Seminiferous Tubules of Mice.

Human fertility is declining in Western countries, and it is becoming increasingly clear that male infertility plays a pivotal role in the overall fertility decline. To understand the process that drives successful male germ cell maturation, the study of spermatogenesis of model organisms, such as mice, is essential. Residual bodies (RBs) play an important role in the last stages of spermatogenesis. They are formed at the time when post-meiotic spermatids undergo sequential differentiation steps so that the acrosome and flagellum are developed, the nucleus is markedly condensed, and the cytoplasm is lost. The masses of lost cytoplasm become RBs. Our recent work has shown that RB dynamics are highly sensitive to even small fertility defects. It was also noted that the transcriptome and proteome of RBs changes in response to spermatogenic defects. Thus, RBs represent an excellent and highly sensitive entity for studying male fertility. Previously published protocols for RB purification had some major limitations: they produced an RB fraction that was heavily contaminated with spermatozoa and erythrocytes or required tens of grams of starting material. In addition, most of the available protocols were developed for purification of RBs from rat testes. Here, we present a protocol that allows the isolation of 2.5-3 × 106 RBs from mouse testes with a purity of 98% from only 1 g of starting material. The purified material can be used for various downstream applications to study male fertility, such as transcriptome and proteome analyses, super-resolution microscopy, and electron and cryo-electron microscopy, amongst many others. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: An improved method for purification of the residual bodies from the seminiferous tubules of mice.

TGFß1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 polymorphisms and genetic susceptibility to colorectal cancer in Bangladeshi population.

BACKGROUND: Among Bangladeshi males and females, colorectal cancer is the fourth and fifth most prevalent cancer, respectively. Several studies have shown that the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFß1) gene and SMAD4 gene have a great impact on colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate whether TGFß1 rs1800469 and SMAD4 rs10502913 genetic polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in the Bangladeshi population. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This case-control study was performed on 167 colorectal cancer patients and 162 healthy volunteers, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was employed for genotyping. RESULTS: In case of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism, the A allele reduced the colorectal cancer risk significantly (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.23-0.52, p < 0.001) when compared to the G allele. It was also found that G/A and A/A genotypes of SMAD4 rs10502913 G > A polymorphism reduced the risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to the G/G genotype (G/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.24, 95% CI 0.12-0.45, p < 0.001 and A/A vs. G/G: adjusted OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.02-0.21, p < 0.001). TGFß1 rs1800469 C > T polymorphism showed an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer, although the results were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the association of SMAD4 rs10502913 gene polymorphism with colorectal cancer susceptibility among the Bangladeshi population.

CHRNA5 rs16969968 and CHRNA3 rs578776 polymorphisms are associated with multiple nicotine dependence phenotypes in Bangladeshi smokers.

Background: A recent study has identified the role of CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster variants rs16969968 and rs578776 of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on smoking status in Bengali ethnicity. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether these rs16969968-rs578776-rs11072768 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster were associated with nicotine dependence (ND) and related phenotypes. Methods: The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-12) were used to assess the degree of ND, and genotyping was done using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method on a cohort of 129 male smokers participating in a structured questionnaire-based survey. Results: Smokers with AA genotype of CHRNA5 rs16969968 SNP were at significantly increased risk of developing ND compared to its wild type variant with odds ratio (ORs) of 1.20 (FTND: 95% CI 0.25-5.37, p = 0.253) and 2.48 (CDS-12: 95% CI 0.46-13.26, p = 0.081), respectively. Conversely, smokers with AA genotype of CHRNA3 rs578776 variant had a strong protective effect against ND development (ORs = 0.27, 95% CI 0.09-0.80, p = 0.076). There was no such link reported in CHRNB4 rs11072768 variant carriers. Similarly, G-A/G-A diplotype of rs16969968_rs578776 variants was discovered to be a protective factor against ND. Moreover, demographic features such as age, occupation and dwelling status were found to be significantly associated with ND. Conclusion: Taken together, CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster variants rs16969968 and rs578776 as well as specific demographic characteristics regulate ND and related smoking phenotypes in Bangladeshi male smokers. Further studies with large sample sizes are required to substantially validate the significance.

Molecular signaling pathway targeted therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with rapid progression. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) is a nutraceutical that has been investigated as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for this disease due to its ability to prevent or retard the progression of neurodegeneration. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive compound isolated from the seeds of black cumin. Several reports have shown that it has promising potential in the prevention and treatment of AD due to its significant antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties along with several other mechanisms that target the altered signaling pathways due to the disease pathogenesis. In addition, it shows anticholinesterase activity and prevents α-synuclein induced synaptic damage. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential aspects and mechanisms by which TQ imparts its action in AD.

Multi-omics analysis predicts fibronectin 1 as a prognostic biomarker in glioblastoma multiforme.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant and intractable central nervous system tumors with high recurrence, low survival rate, and poor prognosis. Despite the advances of aggressive, multimodal treatment, a successful treatment strategy is still elusive, often leading to therapeutic resistance and fatality. Thus, it is imperative to search for and identify novel markers critically associated with GBM pathogenesis to improve the existing trend of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Seven publicly available GEO microarray datasets containing 409 GBM samples were integrated and further data mining was conducted using several bioinformatics tools. A total of 209 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the GBM tissue samples compared to the normal brains. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed association of the upregulates genes with extracellular matrix (ECM), conceivably contributing to the invasive nature of GBM while downregulated DEGs were found to be predominantly related to neuronal processes and structures. Alongside, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Reactome pathway analyses described the involvement of the DEGs with various crucial contributing pathways (PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, insulin secretion, etc.) in GBM progression and pathogenesis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network containing 879 nodes and 1237 edges revealed 3 significant modules and consecutive KEGG pathway analysis of these modules showed a significant connection to gliomagenesis. Later, 10 hub genes were screened out based on degree and their expressions were externally validated. Surprisingly, only fibronectin 1 (FN1) high expression appeared to be related to poor prognosis. Subsequently, 109 transcription factors and 211 miRNAs were detected to be involved with the hub genes where FN1 demonstrated the highest number of interactions. Considering its high connectivity and potential prognostic value FN1 could be a novel biomarker providing new insights into the prognosis and treatment for GBM, although experimental validation is required.

The link of ERCC2 rs13181 and ERCC4 rs2276466 polymorphisms with breast cancer in the Bangladeshi population.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common disease in women and the leading cause of death from cancer globally. Epidemiological studies examined that nucleotide excision repair genes ERCC2 (rs13181) and ERCC4 (rs2276466) SNPs might increase cancer risk. Based on the previous investigation, this study was conducted to explore the correlation between these polymorphisms and BC susceptibility in Bangladeshi women. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 2019 and January 2020, 140 blood samples were collected from female patients histologically diagnosed with BC, and 111 female controls were recruited from non-cancer subjects. Genotyping was performed applying the PCR-RFLP method, and all statistical analyzes were conducted using SPSS, version 25.0. Comparison of characteristics and clinicopathological features between ERCC2 rs13181 and ERCC4 rs2276466 carriers and non-carriers showed no significant link with BC. Analysis of ERCC2 rs13181 with the risk of BC showed that the GG genotype and G allele carriers showed a fourfold and 1.78-fold higher risk (OR 4.00, P = 0.001 and OR 1.78, P = 0.002) that are statistically significant. In addition, the patients with combined TG+GG genotype revealed a 2.09-fold increased chance (OR 2.09, P = 0.020) BC development. Analysis of recessive model (GG vs. TT+TG) also depicted 2.74-times significantly higher risk (OR 2.74, P = 0.002). On the other hand, ERCC4 rs2276466 polymorphism did not show any significant association with BC (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that ERCC2 rs13181 is linked to an elevated risk of BC. Our study also shows that ERCC4 rs2276466 polymorphism has no substantial risk of BC in the Bangladeshi population.

Association of TGFB1 gene polymorphisms with cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women: A case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: Genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer in relation to transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) gene polymorphisms has not been investigated extensively among the women in Bangladesh. So, the aim of this study was to find out the correlation of the polymorphisms of TGFB1 C509T (rs1800469) and T869C (rs1800470) with the risk of cervical cancer among the Bangladeshi women. STUDY DESIGN: 134 cervical cancer patients and 102 age-sex matched healthy controls were included from two institutions in Bangladesh. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for genotyping two TGFB1 single nucleotide polymorphisms C509T (rs1800469) and T869C (rs1800470) in patients and controls. RESULTS: No significant correlation was found between polymorphisms C509T (rs1800469) and T869C (rs1800470) of TGFB1 gene with cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women. In case of the cervical cancer patients who had first degree relatives with cancer were prone to carry the polymorphic version of the TGFB1 gene polymorphism at C509T (OR = 5.597, 95% CI = 1.224-25.597, p < 0.05) but may not result in the increase of developing cervical cancer. CONCLUSION: In summary, two polymorphisms C509T and T869C of TGFB1 gene may not be associated with cervical cancer risk in Bangladeshi women.

Nicotinic acetylcholine gene cluster CHRNA5-A3-B4 variants influence smoking status in a Bangladeshi population.

BACKGROUND: Past studies have established the association of CHRNA5-A3-B4 gene cluster variants with various smoking behaviors in different ethnicities, yet no such study has been reported in Bengali ethnicity to date. METHODS: A case-control study with 129 smokers and 111 non-smokers was conducted and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method aimed to manifest the association of three SNPs in this gene cluster with smoking status (SS) in a Bangladeshi population. RESULTS: The non-synonymous CHRNA5 rs1s6969968 and 3'-UTR variant CHRNA3 rs578776 polymorphisms were found to have a strong association with SS. Carriers of polymorphic 'A' allele of rs16969968 showed 1.51-fold more risk of being smokers (adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.88-2.57, p = 0.128); whereas, rs578776 polymorphic 'A' allele carriers showed 0.595-fold less risk of being smokers (adjusted OR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.88-2.57, p = 0.006). Comparing smokers and non-smokers, A/A mutant homozygous genotypes of rs578776 and rs16969968 variants pose 0.369-fold (95% CI 0.177-0.77, p = 0.008) and 3.3-fold (95% CI 0.66-16.46, p = 0.14) more risk for positive SS, respectively. No genotypic association for SS was found with intronic variant CHRNB4 rs11072768 (T/G; adjusted OR = 0.827, 95% CI 0.457-1.499, p = 0.532 and G/G; adjusted OR = 0.992, 95% CI 0.455-2.167, p = 0.985). Combination of rs16969968-positive/rs578776-negative polymorphic variants possesses the risk of positive SS in young adults. Furthermore, two new haplotypes (AAT and AAG) were identified in Bangladeshi population and GAG (OR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.8, p = 0.006) haplotype was found to be a protective factor for SS. CONCLUSION: Nicotinic acetylcholine gene cluster CHRNA5-A3-B4 variants rs16969968 and rs578776 are associated with SS in a Bangladeshi population. Large-scale studies are warranted to establish this genotype-phenotype correlation.

Prevalence of NPHS2 gene R229Q polymorphism in Bangladeshi children with nephrotic syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Limited and contradictory pharmacogenetic studies of NPHS2 gene R229Q polymorphism in nephrotic syndrome (NS) children of different ethnicities steered us to investigate the genotype frequency and associated risk of this polymorphism in Bangladeshi NS children. METHODS: A prospective case-control study was conducted which comprised a total of 142 children having nephrotic syndrome (NS), divided into 2 groups: case group consisted of 40 children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), and control group involved 102 children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). Both were genotyped by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method for R229Q polymorphism. RESULTS: The results indicate the presence of R229Q polymorphism in 27.50% of SRNS and 12.75% of SSNS children. SRNS children possess 2.94-fold greater risk (p = 0.025) of carrying Arg/Gln genotype compared to SSNS children. Moreover, R229Q variant in SRNS children was observed as in a compound heterozygous form with p.Ala297Val located in exon 8. Age of onset (4-6 years) presents as a significant contributing factor (adjusted OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.023-1.094; p = 0.001) for SRNS susceptibility in Bangladeshi children. Contrarily, though the incidence of SRNS was higher in male children than female (80% vs 20%), gender remains to be a neutral factor (p = 0.257) in relation to SRNS susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Compound heterozygosity of NPHS2 p.R229Q gene variant with p.Ala297Val may cause pathogenic SRNS in Bangladeshi children. Large scale studies are warranted to establish the genotype-phenotype correlation. It is recommended to screen for p.R229Q first and, if positive, for p.Ala297Val in Bangladeshi SRNS children.

Genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1, XRCC1, XPC and ERCC1: prediction of clinical outcome of platinum-based chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients of Bangladesh.

Inter-individual genetic makeup can trigger variability in platinum-based chemotherapeutic responses and corresponding adverse drug reactions and toxicities. Exploring the genetic causes behind these inter-individual variabilities in platinum-based chemotherapeutic responses by investigating the effects of GSTP1 (rs1695), XRCC1 (rs25487), XPC (rs2228001) and ERCC1 (rs11615) genetic polymorphisms on toxicity and therapeutic response of this treatment among Bangladeshi advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients was the aim of this study. 285 Clinically proven either stage IIIB or IV (advanced) NSCLC patients aging not less than 18 years old and receiving platinum-based chemotherapy were recruited to assess the influence of these four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on peripheral leukocytes. Toxicity and response were evaluated by multivariate regression analyses using SPSS statistical software (version 17.0). XRCC1 (rs25487) polymorphism was found to act as a predictive factor for not only grade 3 and 4 anemia (p = 0.008), neutropenia (p = 0.010), thrombocytopenia (p = 0.025) and gastrointestinal toxicity (p = 0.002) but also for therapeutic response (p = 0.012) in platinum-based chemotherapy. Although GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphism might serve as prognostic factor regarding grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, a significant (p = 0.044) improvement in response to platinum-based chemotherapy was observed. However, XPC (rs2228001) and ERCC1 (rs11615) polymorphisms could not establish any significant relation with toxicity or therapeutic response. XRCC1 (rs2228001) and GSTP1 (rs1695) polymorphisms might explain platinum-induced clinical outcomes in terms of both toxicity and therapeutic response variations among Bangladeshi advanced NSCLC patients.

SMAD2 rs4940086 heterozygosity increases the risk of cervical cancer development among the women in Bangladesh.

SMAD2 is a critical signal transducer molecule in the TGFß- SMAD pathway which is also known for its tumor suppressor role. Genetic variations in SMAD2 render cells insensitive to its anti-proliferative signals leading to tumor formation. In this study, we demonstrate the impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SMAD2 (rs4940086 and rs8085335) on cervical cancer risk development in Bangladeshi population. 132 cervical cancer patients and 98 control volunteers were enrolled in the study and genotyped utilizing polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The association between cervical cancer susceptibility and the chosen SNPs were evaluated through multiple logistic regression. SMAD2 rs4940086 heterozygous genotype (T/C) was associated with a 3.89 times higher risk of cervical cancer development (P = 0.001, AOR 3.89, 95% CI 1.777-8.513). The T/C and C/C genotypes in combination also significantly elevated cervical cancer risk (P = 0.035, AOR 1.876, 95% CI 1.047-3.364). Urban cancer patients had a significantly higher chance of carrying the rs4940086 polymorphism as compared to rural cancer patients (P = 0.045, OR 2.59 95% CI 1.02-6.59). SMAD2 rs8085335 heterozygous variant (A/G) demonstrated modest effects in increasing cervical cancer susceptibility (P = 0.594, AOR 1.247, 95% CI 0.554-2.809). Our results suggest that polymorphic variations in SMAD2, particularly rs4940086, can potentially elevate cervical cancer susceptibility in Bangladeshi women.

TP53 genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women: a case-control study.

Pharmacogenetic study of TP53 gene polymorphisms has not been conducted extensively in cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to assesses the TP53 codon 72 and codon 47 polymorphisms and their relation to cervical cancer risk in Bangladeshi women. 134 cervical cancer patients and 102 age matched healthy controls were included from two institutions in Bangladesh. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used for genotyping two TP53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (codon 72 and codon 47) in patients and controls. The results indicate that the TP53 Arg/Pro heterozygosity (adjusted OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.28-4.34, p = 0.01), Pro/Pro mutant homozygosity (adjusted OR 4.15, 95% CI 1.75-9.86, p = 0.001), along with the combined genotype (Arg/Pro + Pro/Pro) (adjusted OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.61-4.97, p < 0.001) significantly increases the risk of cervical cancer. Moreover, the cervical cancer patients with a first-degree relative cancer patient possesses 4.45 folds more risk (p = 0.019) of carrying a proline allele in codon 72 of the TP53 gene compared to those patients who do not have any first-degree relative with cancer. Finally, polymorphism in the codon 47 of the TP53 gene did not significantly increase the risk of cervical cancer in Bangladeshi women. To conclude, this is the first study to identify that polymorphism in the TP53 codon 72 significantly increases the risk of cervical cancer in a female population in Bangladesh.

Pharmacogenetic Variants in MTHFR Gene are Significant Predictors of Methotrexate Toxicities in Bangladeshi Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this pharmacogenetic study was to investigate the relationship of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms with methotrexate (MTX)-induced toxicities and plasma homocysteine level in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) from Bangladesh. Several polymorphisms result in reduced MTHFR activity that causes impaired remethylation of homocysteine to methionine and abnormal MTX metabolism, especially in tissues with high turnover. Therefore, the risk of elevated plasma homocysteine as well as MTX-induced toxicities become higher with MTHFR polymorphisms. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We recruited 160 patients with ALL receiving MTX containing chemotherapeutic protocol, and they were genotyped for MTHFR C677T and A1298C polymorphisms with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. We also measured the plasma homocysteine level of 51 patients by the AxSYM homocysteine assay method. RESULTS: We found 68.1% CC, 26.3% CT, and 5.6% TT genotype for MTHFR C677T polymorphism and 39.3% AA, 46.9% AC, and 13.8% CC genotype for MTHFR A1298C polymorphism in patients with ALL. Our study suggested that MTX-induced mucositis and diarrhea are significantly associated with MTHFR C677T as well as MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms (P < .05). CONCLUSION: The risk of elevated plasma homocysteine level was 5 to 6 times higher for both polymorphisms. This study may help to identify the patients who are at higher risk for MTX-related toxicities.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability Study of a Prednisolone Tablet as a Single Oral Dose in Bangladeshi Healthy Volunteers.

The aim of the study was to assess the pharmacokinetic and bioavailability of 2 formulations of 5-mg prednisolone tablets, reference product (Teva UK Limited) and Pred (Eskayef Bangladesh Ltd) as test product. The open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover studies were conducted on 14 healthy subjects. Participants were assigned to receive both products as a single dose (20 mg formulations, 4 × 5 mg tablets) followed by a 2 weeks' washout period. Following oral administration, samples were obtained at various time intervals and analyzed for prednisolone concentrations using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography assay method with ultraviolet detection. The obtained values for test and reference products were 683.00 ± 94.54 ng/mL and 635.16 ± 125.57 ng/mL for Cmax; 2716.54 ± 196.28 ng·h/mL and 2780.5 ± 119.73 ng·h/mL for AUC0-12; 3284.36 ± 138.12 ng·h/mL and 3317.96 ± 133.95 ng·h/mL for AUC0-∞, respectively. From the paired Student t test, no significant differences between 2 formulations were observed (P > .05). The 90% confidence intervals of Cmax, AUC0-12, and AUC0-∞ were found to be 99.0% to 100.9%, 99.4% to 100.5%, and 99.9% to 101.3%, respectively. Finally, it can be concluded that Pred (Test) of Eskayef Bangladesh Ltd and prednisolone (Reference) of Teva UK Limited are bioequivalent and interchangeable.

DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T predict toxicity and efficacy, respectively, in patients on chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil for colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Significant inter-individual variation in the sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) represents a major therapeutic hindrance either by impairing drug response or inducing adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study aimed at exploring the cause behind this inter-individual alterations in consequences of 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy by investigating the effects of DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms on toxicity and response of 5-FU in Bangladeshi colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: Colorectal cancer patients (n = 161) receiving 5-FU-based chemotherapy were prospectively enrolled. DPYD and MTHFR polymorphisms were assessed in peripheral leukocytes. Multivariate analyses were applied to evaluate which variables could predict chemotherapy-induced toxicity and efficacy. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses showed that DPYD*2A polymorphism was a predictive factor (P = 0.023) for grade 3 and grade 4 5-fluorouracil-related toxicities. Although MTHFR C677T polymorphism might act as forecasters for grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia, diarrhea, and mucositis, this polymorphism was found to increase significantly (P = 0.006) the response of 5-FU. CONCLUSION: DPYD*2A and MTHFR C677T polymorphisms could explain 5-FU toxicity or clinical outcome in Bangladeshi colorectal patients.

Genetic variants of SULT1A1 and XRCC1 genes and risk of lung cancer in Bangladeshi population.

Lung cancer is one of the most frequently occurring cancers throughout the world as well as in Bangladesh. This study aimed to correlate the prognostic and/or predictive value of functional polymorphisms in SULT1A1 (rs9282861) and XRCC1 (rs25487) genes and lung cancer risk in Bangladeshi population. A case-control study was conducted which comprises 202 lung cancer patients and 242 healthy volunteers taking into account the age, sex, and smoking status. After isolation of genomic DNA, genotyping was done by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and the lung cancer risk was evaluated as odds ratio that was adjusted for age, sex, and smoking status. A significant association was found between SULT1A1 rs9282861 and XRCC1 rs25487 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk. In case of rs9282861 polymorphism, Arg/His (adjusted odds ratio = 5.06, 95% confidence interval = 3.05-8.41, p < 0.05) and His/His (adjusted odds ratio = 3.88, 95% confidence interval = 2.20-6.82, p < 0.05) genotypes were strongly associated with increased risk of lung cancer in comparison to the Arg/Arg genotype. In case of rs25487 polymorphism, Arg/Gln heterozygote (adjusted odds ratio = 4.57, 95% confidence interval = 2.79-7.46, p < 0.05) and Gln/Gln mutant homozygote (adjusted odds ratio = 4.99, 95% confidence interval = 2.66-9.36, p < 0.05) were also found to be significantly associated with increased risk of lung cancer. This study demonstrates that the presence of His allele and Gln allele in case of SULT1A1 rs9282861 and XRCC1 rs25487, respectively, involve in lung cancer prognosis in Bangladeshi population.

Association of TP53 codon 72 and CDH1 genetic polymorphisms with colorectal cancer risk in Bangladeshi population.

Till now no pharmacogenetic study of TP53 codon 72 (Arg72Pro) and CDH1 rs16260 (-160C