A new automatic method for tracking rats in the Morris water maze.

Morris water maze (MWM) test is widely used to evaluate the learning and memory deficits in rodents. Image processing and pattern recognition can be used to analyse videos and recognize automatically the tracking in MWM. There are several commercial and free access software that allows analyzing the behavioral tasks although they also have limitations such as automation, cost, user intervention among other things. The aim of this paper was to develop a new image processing technique to automatically analyse the track of the rat in the MWM, which we called RatsTrack. The MWM test was performed with an animal model for Alzheimer, and the videos were recorded to measure the distance, time, and speed. The segmentation method based on the projection of the video frames was made for pool identification, eliminating the rat, while conserving the shape of the pool. Then, the Hough transformation was used to recognize the position and radius of the pool. Finally, the frame in which the rat is released into the pool was established automatically using mathematical morphology techniques and added as a plugin on free access ImageJ software. The new image processing technique, RatsTrack, successfully detected and located the pool and rat without user intervention, significantly decreasing operational time and providing results for distance, time, speed, and acceleration parameters of the MWM test. Alzheimer's rats compared with the control group presented significant data measured with the RatsTrack. RatsTrack is a plugin of ImageJ software and will be made freely available for public use.

Intrahippocampal Inoculation of Aß1-42 Peptide in Rat as a Model of Alzheimer's Disease Identified MicroRNA-146a-5p as Blood Marker with Anti-Inflammatory Function in Astrocyte Cells.

Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have aroused a lot of interest as reliable blood diagnostic biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the panel of expressed blood miRNAs in response to aggregated Aß1-42 peptides infused in the hippocampus of adult rats to mimic events of the early onset of non-familial AD disorder. Aß1-42 peptides in the hippocampus led to cognitive impairments associated with an astrogliosis and downregulation of circulating miRNA-146a-5p, -29a-3p, -29c-3p, -125b-5p, and-191-5p. We established the kinetics of expression of selected miRNAs and found differences with those detected in the APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse model. Of note, miRNA-146a-5p was exclusively dysregulated in the Aß-induced AD model. The treatment of primary astrocytes with Aß1-42 peptides led to miRNA-146a-5p upregulation though the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which in turn downregulated IRAK-1 but not TRAF-6 expression. As a consequence, no induction of IL-1ß, IL-6, or TNF-α was detected. Astrocytes treated with a miRNA-146-5p inhibitor rescued IRAK-1 and changed TRAF-6 steady-state levels that correlated with the induction of IL-6, IL-1ß, and CXCL1 production, indicating that miRNA-146a-5p operates anti-inflammatory functions through a NF-κB pathway negative feedback loop. Overall, we report a panel of circulating miRNAs that correlated with Aß1-42 peptides' presence in the hippocampus and provide mechanistic insights into miRNA-146a-5p biological function in the development of the early stage of sporadic AD.

A Biofouling Resistant Zwitterionic Polysulfone Membrane Prepared by a Dual-Bath Procedure.

This study introduces a zwitterionic material to modify polysulfone (PSf) membranes formed by a dual bath procedure, in view of reducing their fouling propensity. The zwitterionic copolymer, derived from a random polymer of styrene and 4-vinylpyrridine and referred to as zP(S-r-4VP), was incorporated to the PSf solution without any supplementary pore-forming additive to study the effect of the sole copolymer on membrane-structuring, chemical, and arising properties. XPS and mapping FT-IR provided evidence of the modification. Macrovoids appeared and then disappeared as the copolymer content increased in the range 1-4 wt%. The copolymer has hydrophilic units and its addition increases the casting solution viscosity. Both effects play an opposite role on transfers, and so on the growth of macrovoids. Biofouling tests demonstrated the efficiency of the copolymer to mitigate biofouling with a reduction in bacterial and blood cell attachment by more than 85%. Filtration tests revealed that the permeability increased by a twofold factor, the flux recovery ratio was augmented from 40% to 63% after water/BSA cycles, and irreversible fouling was reduced by 1/3. Although improvements are needed, these zwitterionic PSf membranes could be used in biomedical applications where resistance to biofouling by cells is a requirement.

Infusion of Silver-Polydopamine Particles into Polyethersulfone Matrix to Improve the Membrane's Dye Desalination Performance and Antibacterial Property.

The advancement in membrane science and technology, particularly in nanofiltration applications, involves the blending of functional nanocomposites into the membranes to improve the membrane property. In this study, Ag-polydopamine (Ag-PDA) particles were synthesized through in situ PDA-mediated reduction of AgNO3 to silver. Infusing Ag-PDA particles into polyethersulfone (PES) matrix affects the membrane property and performance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses confirmed the presence of Ag-PDA particles on the membrane surface. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) describe the morphology of the membranes. At an optimum concentration of Ag-PDA particles (0.3 wt % based on the concentration of PES), the modified membrane exhibited high water flux 13.33 L∙m-2∙h-1 at 4 bar with high rejection for various dyes of >99%. The PESAg-PDA0.3 membrane had a pure water flux more than 5.4 times higher than that of a pristine membrane. Furthermore, in bacterial attachment using Escherichia coli, the modified membrane displayed less bacterial attachment compared with the pristine membrane. Therefore, immobilizing Ag-PDA particles into the PES matrix enhanced the membrane performance and antibacterial property.

Modifying Cellulose Acetate Mixed-Matrix Membranes for Improved Oil-Water Separation: Comparison between Sodium and Organo-Montmorillonite as Particle Additives.

In this study, cellulose acetate (CA) mixed-matrix membranes were fabricated through the wet-phase inversion method. Two types of montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay were embedded separately: sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and organo-montmorillonite (O-MMT). Na-MMT was converted to O-MMT through ion exchange reaction using cationic surfactant (dialkyldimethyl ammonium chloride, DDAC). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) compared the chemical structure and composition of the membranes. Embedding either Na-MMT and O-MMT did not change the crystallinity of the CA membrane, indicating that the nanoclays were dispersed in the CA matrix. Furthermore, nanoclays improved the membrane hydrophilicity. Compared with CANa-MMT membrane, CAO-MMT membrane had a higher separation efficiency and antifouling property. At the optimum concentration of O-MMT in the CA matrix, the pure water flux reaches up to 524.63 ± 48.96 L∙m-2∙h-1∙bar-1 with over 95% rejection for different oil-in-water emulsion (diesel, hexane, dodecane, and food-oil). Furthermore, the modified membrane delivered an excellent antifouling property.

Surface Properties, Free Volume, and Performance for Thin-Film Composite Pervaporation Membranes Fabricated through Interfacial Polymerization Involving Different Organic Solvents.

The type of organic solvents used in interfacial polymerization affects the surface property, free volume, and separation performance of the thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide membrane. In this study, TFC polyamide membrane was fabricated through interfacial polymerization between diethylenetriamine (DETA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Four types of organic solvent were explored in the preparation of pervaporation membrane. These are tetralin, toluene, hexane, and isopentane. The solubility parameter distance between organic solvents and DETA follows in increasing order: tetralin (17.07 MPa1/2) < toluene (17.31 MPa1/2) < hexane (19.86 MPa1/2) < isopentane (20.43 MPa1/2). Same trend was also observed between the organic solvents and DETA. The larger the solubility parameter distance, the denser and thicker the polyamide. Consequently, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) analysis revealed that TFCisopentane had the thickest polyamide layer. It also delivered the highest pervaporation efficiency (permeation flux = 860 ± 71 g m-2 h-1; water concentration in permeate = 99.2 ± 0.8 wt%; pervaporation separation index = 959,760) at dehydration of 90 wt% aqueous ethanol solution. Furthermore, TFCisopentane also exhibited a high separation efficiency in isopropanol and tert-butanol. Therefore, a suitable organic solvent in preparation of TFC membrane through interfacial polymerization enables high pervaporation efficiency.

Intracellular trafficking and functional monitoring of miRNA delivery in glioblastoma using lipopolyplexes and the miRNA-ON RILES reporter system.

MicroRNA (miRNA) oligonucleotides therapeutics are potent and attractive drugs for cancer treatment, but the kinetics of their intracellular trafficking, RISC processing and interaction with their mRNA targets in the cells are still not well understood. Moreover, the absence of efficient carriers impairs their translation into the clinic. Here, we compare the kinetics of miRNA-133a activity after transfection of U87MG glioblastoma cells with either a home-made lipopolyplexes (LPRi) or with the RNAiMax transfection reagent. For this purpose, we combined miRNA intracellular trafficking studies by confocal microscopy with our previously described RILES miRNA-ON reporter system subcloned here in a lentivirus expression vector (LentiRILES) for longitudinal analysis of miRNA activity in transfected cells. Using the LentiRILES system, we report significant differences in terms of miRNA delivery kinetics performed by these two transfection regents. We decipher the mechanisms of miRNA delivery by LPRi and investigate the main steps of miRNA internalization and cytosolic processing. We demonstrate that LPRi preferentially uses caveolae-mediated endocytosis as the main internalization pathway, releases miRNA into the cytosol after the first 3 h of incubation, and addresses the cytosolic miRNAs to P-bodies, while a fraction of miRNAs are exported to the extracellular space through exosomes which were found fully capable to re-transfect the cells. We implanted the LentiRILES cells in the brain of mice and infused the tumours with LPRi.miRNA using the convection-enhanced delivery method. Bioluminescence imaging of the live mice revealed efficient delivery of miRNAs in glioblastoma tumours, attesting successful miRNA uptake, internalization and RISC activation in vivo. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive overview of miRNA intracellular trafficking and processing in a glioblastoma context and highlights the potential use of LPRi for miRNA-based therapy.

Assessing the Performance of Thin-Film Nanofiltration Membranes with Embedded Montmorillonites.

In this study, the basal spacing of montmorillonite (MMT) was modified through ion exchange. Two kinds of MMT were used: sodium-modified MMT (Na-MMT) and organo-modified MMT (O-MMT). These two particles were incorporated separately into the thin-film nanocomposite polyamide membrane through the interfacial polymerization of piperazine and trimesoyl chloride in n-hexane. The membrane with O-MMT (TFNO-MMT) has a more hydrophilic surface compared to that of membrane with Na-MMT (TFNNa-MMT). When various types of MMT were dispersed in the n-hexane solution with trimesoyl chloride (TMC), O-MMT was well-dispersed than Na-MMT. The poor dispersion of Na-MMT in n-hexane led to the aggregation of Na-MMT on the surface of TFNNa-MMT. TFNO-MMT displayed a uniform distribution of O-MMT on the surface, because O-MMT was well-dispersed in n-hexane. In comparison with the pristine and TFNNa-MMT membranes, TFNO-MMT delivered the highest pure water flux of 53.15 ± 3.30 L∙m-2∙h-1 at 6 bar, while its salt rejection for divalent ions remained at 95%-99%. Furthermore, it had stable performance in wide operating condition, and it exhibited a magnificent antifouling property. Therefore, a suitable type of MMT could lead to high separation efficiency.

[Molecular characterization of pathogenic bacteria of the respiratory tract in peruvian patients with cystic fibrosis]. / Caracterización molecular de bacterias patógenas de las vías respiratorias de pacientes peruanos con fibrosis quística.

OBJECTIVES.: To molecularly characterize the pathogenic bacteria of the respiratory tract isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Bacterial communities cultured from sputum samples of pediatric and adult patients with CF admitted to the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital and the National Institute of Child Health were characterized. Standard microbiological techniques were used for bacterial culture, and gene sequencing of 16S rRNA and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and tandem MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF) were used for molecular characterization. RESULTS.: Seventeen bacterial strains were characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the identified pathogenic bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.6%), Pseudomonas spp. (11.8%), and Klebsiella oxytoca (3.1%). MALDI-TOF analysis generated a series of spectra representative of each isolated bacterial species, whereas MALDI TOF/TOF analysis identified the peptides and proteins of the most common strains and provided data on pathogenicity and sensitivity to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS.: The primary pathogenic microorganisms found in the respiratory tract of patients with CF in Peru were the same as those found in other countries. This study is the first to perform 16S rRNA sequencing as well as MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis of the bacterial pathogens circulating in Peru. The inclusion of proteomic analysis further allowed for the identification of native microorganisms involved in CF.

OBJETIVOS.: Caracterizar a nivel molecular las bacterias patógenas de las vías respiratorias de pacientes peruanos con fibrosis quística (FQ). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Se caracterizaron las comunidades bacterianas cultivables a partir de muestras de esputo de pacientes pediátricos y adultos con FQ registrados en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins y el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN). Para el cultivo bacteriano se utilizaron técnicas microbiológicas estándares, y para la caracterización molecular la secuenciación del gen ARNr 16S y espectrometría de masas de tipo desorción/ionización con láser asistido por matriz con tiempo de vuelo (MALDI TOF) y MALDI TOF/TOF. RESULTADOS.: Por secuenciación del ARNr 16S se identificaron 127 cepas, encontrando las bacterias patógenas Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31,5%), Staphylococcus aureus (12,6%), Pseudomonas spp. (11,8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (3,1%), otras especies mostraron baja prevalencia. El análisis por MALDI TOF permitió obtener una serie de espectros representativos de cada especie aislada, mientras que el análisis por MALDI TOF/TOF reveló péptidos y proteínas de las especies más comunes con informaciones complementarias que revelarían datos sobre su patogenicidad o sensibilidad a antibióticos. CONCLUSIONES.: Los principales microorganismos patógenos encontrados en las vías respiratorias son similares a los reportados en otros países. Estos son los primeros hallazgos en Perú que muestran la caracterización bacteriana por secuenciación del ARNr 16S, por MALDI TOF y MALDI TOF TOF. Los hallazgos permiten la identificación bacteriana de microorganismos nativos relacionados con la FQ basada en el análisis de su proteoma.

Caracterización molecular de bacterias patógenas de las vías respiratorias de pacientes peruanos con fibrosis quística / Molecular characterization of pathogenic bacteria of the respiratory tract in peruvian patients with cystic fibrosis

RESUMEN Objetivos. Caracterizar a nivel molecular las bacterias patógenas de las vías respiratorias de pacientes peruanos con fibrosis quística (FQ). Materiales y métodos. Se caracterizaron las comunidades bacterianas cultivables a partir de muestras de esputo de pacientes pediátricos y adultos con FQ registrados en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins y el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (INSN). Para el cultivo bacteriano se utilizaron técnicas microbiológicas estándares, y para la caracterización molecular la secuenciación del gen ARNr 16S y espectrometría de masas de tipo desorción/ionización con láser asistido por matriz con tiempo de vuelo (MALDI TOF) y MALDI TOF/TOF. Resultados. Por secuenciación del ARNr 16S se identificaron 127 cepas, encontrando las bacterias patógenas Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31,5%), Staphylococcus aureus (12,6%), Pseudomonas spp. (11,8%), Klebsiella oxytoca (3,1%), otras especies mostraron baja prevalencia. El análisis por MALDI TOF permitió obtener una serie de espectros representativos de cada especie aislada, mientras que el análisis por MALDI TOF/TOF reveló péptidos y proteínas de las especies más comunes con informaciones complementarias que revelarían datos sobre su patogenicidad o sensibilidad a antibióticos. Conclusiones. Los principales microorganismos patógenos encontrados en las vías respiratorias son similares a los reportados en otros países. Estos son los primeros hallazgos en Perú que muestran la caracterización bacteriana por secuenciación del ARNr 16S, por MALDI TOF y MALDI TOF TOF. Los hallazgos permiten la identificación bacteriana de microorganismos nativos relacionados con la FQ basada en el análisis de su proteoma.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To molecularly characterize the pathogenic bacteria of the respiratory tract isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in Peru. Materials and methods. Bacterial communities cultured from sputum samples of pediatric and adult patients with CF admitted to the Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital and the National Institute of Child Health were characterized. Standard microbiological techniques were used for bacterial culture, and gene sequencing of 16S rRNA and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and tandem MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF/TOF) were used for molecular characterization. Results. Seventeen bacterial strains were characterized by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the identified pathogenic bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (12.6%), Pseudomonas spp. (11.8%), and Klebsiella oxytoca (3.1%). MALDI-TOF analysis generated a series of spectra representative of each isolated bacterial species, whereas MALDI TOF/TOF analysis identified the peptides and proteins of the most common strains and provided data on pathogenicity and sensitivity to antibiotics. Conclusions. The primary pathogenic microorganisms found in the respiratory tract of patients with CF in Peru were the same as those found in other countries. This study is the first to perform 16S rRNA sequencing as well as MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis of the bacterial pathogens circulating in Peru. The inclusion of proteomic analysis further allowed for the identification of native microorganisms involved in CF.

[Frequency of the most common mutations of the CFTR gene in peruvian patients with cystic fibrosis using the ARMS-PCR technique]. / Frecuencia de las mutaciones más comunes del gen CFTR en pacientes peruanos con fibrosis quística mediante la técnica ARMS-PCR.

OBJECTIVES.: To determine the frequency of the ten most common mutations of the CFTR gene reported in Latin Americausing amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in two referral hospitals in Peru during the year 2014. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: The frequency of the ten most common mutations of the CFTR gene was assessed in patients of the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins and the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, both located in Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected from 36 patients with CF, and the ARMS-PCR technique was used to determine the presence of these mutations. RESULTS.: The study group included 73.5% of patients with a known diagnosis of CF in the country when the study was carried out. ARMS-PCR allowed three of the mutations to be identified in a combined 30.6% of the alleles from patients with CF, and 64.9% of the mutated alleles were not identified. The mutations found were p.Phe508del (22,2%), p.Gly542* (6,9%), and p.Arg1162* (1,4%). CONCLUSIONS.: There is significant variability in both the frequency and type of mutations present in our study population and in what has been reported in other Latin American countries. It is necessary to perform studies that use complete sequencing technology for the CFTR gene to identify other mutations present in our population.

Frecuencia de las mutaciones más comunes del gen CFTR en pacientes peruanos con fibrosis quística mediante la técnica ARMS-PCR / Frequency of the most common mutations of the CFTR gene in peruvian patients with cystic fibrosis using the ARMS-PCR technique

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la frecuencia de las diez mutaciones más comúnmente reportadas en América Latina del gen CFTR mediante Sistema de Mutación Refractario a la amplificación por PCR (ARMS-PCR) en los pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) de dos instituciones hospitalarias de referencia en el Perú durante el año 2014. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó la frecuencia de las diez comúnmente reportadas más comúnmente reportadas del gen CFTR en los pacientes del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins y el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, ambos ubicados en Lima, Perú. Se recogieron muestras de sangre de 36 pacientes con FQ y se utilizó la técnica de ARMS-PCR para determinar la presencia de tales mutaciones. Resultados. Se incluyó al 73,5% de los pacientes con diagnóstico conocido de FQ en el país al momento en que se realizó el estudio. El diagnóstico por ARMS-PCR permitió identificar las mutaciones en 30,6% de los alelos de los pacientes con FQ, el 64,9% de los alelos mutados no fue identificado. Las mutaciones encontradas fueron p.Phe508del (22,2%), p.Gly542* (6,9%) y p.Arg1162* (1,4%). Conclusiones. Existe una variabilidad significativa de las mutaciones presentes en nuestra población de estudio en comparación con lo reportado en otros países de Latinoamérica, tanto en la frecuencia como en el tipo. Es necesario realizar estudios que usen la tecnología de secuenciación completa del gen CFTR para identificar otras mutaciones presentes en nuestra población.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the frequency of the ten most common mutations of the CFTR gene reported in Latin Americausing amplification-refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) in two referral hospitals in Peru during the year 2014. Materials and Methods. The frequency of the ten most common mutations of the CFTR gene was assessed in patients of the Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins and the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, both located in Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected from 36 patients with CF, and the ARMS-PCR technique was used to determine the presence of these mutations. Results. The study group included 73.5% of patients with a known diagnosis of CF in the country when the study was carried out. ARMS-PCR allowed three of the mutations to be identified in a combined 30.6% of the alleles from patients with CF, and 64.9% of the mutated alleles were not identified. The mutations found were p.Phe508del (22,2%), p.Gly542* (6,9%), and p.Arg1162* (1,4%). Conclusions. There is significant variability in both the frequency and type of mutations present in our study population and in what has been reported in other Latin American countries. It is necessary to perform studies that use complete sequencing technology for the CFTR gene to identify other mutations present in our population.

Curva de crecimiento intrauterino y su aplicación en el diagnósticode restricción del crecimiento intrauterino / Intrauterine growth curve and application in intrauterine growth restriction diagnosis

Introducción: La restricción de crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) incrementa el riesgo de morbimortalidad perinatal. Su diagnóstico puede variar de acuerdo con las curvas de crecimientode referencia. En el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM) se usa principalmente la curva de Lubchenco. Objetivos: Construir una curva de crecimiento intrauterino (CCIU) propia del hospital y compararla con la de Lubchenco y la del Ministerio de Salud del Perú (MINSA), en su relación con el diagnóstico de RCIU. Diseño: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, comparativo. Institución: Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Servicio de Cuidados Críticos Obstétricos, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, EsSalud, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Neonatos. Métodos: Se revisó la información materna y de los neonatos cuyo parto fue atendido en el HNERM entre el 1 de enero de 2003 y 30 de junio de 2010. Se incluyó gestantes con feto único, con 24 a 43 semanas de gestación, calculadas por fecha de última regla (FUR) confiable y/o ecografía del primer trimestre. Se incluyó 29 239 recién nacidos. La fuente fue la base de datos del Servicio de Vigilancia Fetal del mismo hospital. Se construyó una curva de crecimiento fetal intrauterino (CCIU) y se la comparó con la de Lubchenco y la del MINSA. Se usó t de student, ANOVA y pruebas no paramétricas. Se consideró p < 0,05 para la significancia estadística. Se usó SPSS y Microsoft Excel. Principales medidas de resultados: Curva de crecimiento fetal intrauterino. Resultados: Construida la CCIU, los percentiles de nuestra curva fueron significativamente superiores a los de Lubchenco y a los MINSA. El peso neonatal estuvo influido por la talla materna, el peso pregestacional, edad materna (ANOVA: F = 3,8; F = 214,7 y F = 11,2, respectivamente; p < 0,05), el sexo fetal masculino y la multiparidad (t de student; p < 0,001). Las curvas de crecimiento del MINSA y la de Lubchenco no diagnosticaron un porcentaje significativo.

Obstetrics Critical Care Service, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), EsSalud, Lima, Peru. Participants: Neonates. Methods: We reviewed information of mothers and neonates born at HNERM between January 1, 2003, and June 30, 2010. Mothers with only one fetus were included, 24 to 43 weeks of gestation by reliable last menstrual period and/or first trimester ultrasound exam; 29 239 newborns were included. Data was obtained from the hospital’s Fetal surveillance Service data base. An intrauterine growth curve (IUGC) was built and compared with Lubchenko's and MINSA's growth curves by Student t, ANOVA and non-parametric tests. Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. We used SPSS and Microsoft Excel for data processing. Main outcome measures: Intrauterine fetal growth curve. Results: The IUGC was built and percentiles were significantly higher to both Lubchenco’sand MINSA’s curves. Neonatal weight was influenced by maternal height, pregestational weight, maternal age (ANOVA: F = 3,8; F = 214,7; and, F = 11,2, respectively; p < 0,05), male fetal sex and multiparity (student t; p<0,001). Both MINSA’s and Lubchenco’s growth curves missed diagnosis of a significant percentage of fetuses with perinatal morbidity and mortality proper of IUGR. Conclusions: Intrauterine fetal growth curve built with HNERM patients differed significatively from those of both Lubchenco and MINSA. The latter subdiagnosed a significant percentage of fetuses with IUGR, reason to recommend the use of growth curves built with our hospital population. Conclusions: Intrauterine growth curve built with HNERM patients differed significantly from that of Lubchenko's and MINSA's. The latter underdiagnosed a significant percentage of fetuses with IUGR. Thus we recommend the use of our own curves in our hospital influenced area population.