Efecto protector del extracto etanólico de Cenchrus echinatus L. "cadillo" sobre la cirrosis hepática inducida en ratas / Protective effect of ethanol extract of Cenchrus echinatus L. (cadillo) on induced liver cirrhosis in rats

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto protector de Cenchrus echinatus L. (cadillo) sobre la cirrosis hepática inducidas en ratas. El diseño es un estudio pre-clinico, el cual se desarrolló en la Escuela de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicna Humana. Universidad San Pedro, Chimbote, Perú. Para lo cual se utilizaron 36 ratas machos de 190=10g y extracto etanólico de cadillo. La muestra vegetal se recolecto en San José, distrito de Santiago de Cao, Provincia de Ascope, Departamento de la Libertad. La determinación del efecto sobre la cirrosis se evaluó utilizando el método de Regimbeau 2008, que consistió en la distribución de 6 grupos de 6 ratas c/u, donde el primer grupo recibió (SSF), el segundo: fenobarbital (F)+ tetracloruro de carbono (CC14), el tercero: (F+CC14)+ Silimarina, el cuarto, quinto y sexto grupo: (F+CC14)+ extracto en tres niveles de dosificación. El fenobarbital 0,5 mg/ml, diluida en el agua de beber por 15 días, y luego, tetracloruro de carbono 0,2 ml/kg en aceite de oliva 1:1, oralmente por 7 días. Se colectó una muestra de sangre para determinar perfil hepático; los animales fueron sacrificados extrayéndose el hígado para estudio histopatológico. Los datos obtenidos mostraron daño hepático con tetracloruro y fenobarbital, evidenciándose un aumento del colágeno, la fibrosis y los nódulos de regeneración; mientras que la silimarina y el extracto de cadillo demostró protección disminuyendo los parámetros mencionados por lo tanto se concluyó que el extracto etanólico de Cenchrus echinatus L. (cadillo) ejerce protector de la cirrosis inducida en ratas por tetracloruro de carbono y fenobarbital.

This study aimed to determine the protective effect Cenchrus L. echinatus (cocklebur) on-induced liver cirrhosis in rats. The design is a pre-clinical study, which was developed at the School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, College of Human Medicine. Universidad San Pedro, Chimbote, Perú. To which used 36 male rats and 190=10g ethanol extract of cocklebur. The plant sample was collected in San José district of Santiago de Cao, Ascope Province, Department of La Liberty. Determining the effect on cirrhosis was evaluated using the method Regimbeau 2008, which involved the distribution of 6 groups of 6 rats c/u, where the first group received (SSF), the second: phenobarbital (F)+ tetrachloride carbon (CC14), third (f+CC14)+Silymarin, the fourth, fifth and sixth group: (F+CC14)+ extract three dose levels. Phenobarbital 0.5 mg/ml, diluted in the drinking water for 15 days, and then, carbon tetrachloride 0.2 ml/kg of olive oil 1:1, orally for 7 days. We collected a blood sample to determine lived profile, the animal were sacrificed for extracting liver histopathology. Data were obtained showed tetrachloride and liver damage with phenobarbial, showed and increase of collagen, fibrosis and regeneration nodules whereas silymarin extract and protection showed decreasing cocklebur above parameters are therefore concluded that the xtract echinatus Cenchrus L. ethanolic (cadillo) exerts protective effects of cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride rats and phenobarbital.

Efecto del extracto etanólico del fruto de Passiflora edulis Sims "maracuya" en el nivel de glicemia de ratas normales / Effect the ethanol extract of the fruit of Passiflora edulis Sims (maracuya) on blood glucose level of normal rats

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la eficacia del extracto etanólico del fruto de Passiflora edulis Sims "maracuya" sobre el nivel de glicemia en ratas normales. El fruto de P edulis S. fue recolectado en el valle de Chanchamayo (La Merced, Junín, Perú); 48 ratas fueron adquiridas del Instituto Nacional de Salud. La experimentación tuvo dos fases: a) en la primera se evaluó el efecto del extracto en ratas normales, formándose dos grupos de 6 ratas, el 1° grupo recibió solución fisiológica 4 mL/kg y el 2° extracto a 250 mg/kg; b) en la segunda fase, se evaluó el efecto del extracto en ratas normales por el método del test de Tolerancia a la glucosa, según Du Vigneaud y Karr, 1925; Arroyo y Cisneros, 2012. Los seis grupos de ratas, donde recibieron: 1° glucosa 500 mg/kg vía oral (G), el 2° (G)+ insulina 4 UI/kg, el 3° clorpropamida 25 mg/Kg, y el 4°, 5° y 6° grupo recibieron extracto vegetal en dosis de 50,250 y 500 mg/kg respectivamente; se extrajo sangre para medir la glicemia (mg/dL) a tiempos de 0, 0.5, 1.0 y 2.0 horas depués de las administraciones. Los datos se evaluaron mediante técnicas multivariadas (p<0,05). El extracto de P. edulis S. mantiene la glicemia dentro de los parámetro aceptables en ratas normales; al aplicar el test de tolerancia oral a al glucosa, el extracto disminuyo la glicemia en mayor porcentaje (19,2%; p<0.0001) a dosis de 50mg/kg. Se concluye que el extracto del futuro de P. edulis Sims disminuye los niveles de glicemia en ratas normales.

The present study aimed to evaluated the efficacy of the ethanol extract of the fruit of Passiflora edulis Sims "maracuya" on blood glucose level in normal rats. The passion fruit was harvested in the Chanchamayo Valley (La Merced, Junin, Perú), 48 rats were purchased from the National Institute of Health. The experimentation had two phase: a) the first, was evaluated the effect of the extract in normal rats, forming two groups of 6 rats, 1° groups received saline 4 ml/kg and 2° extract 250 mg/kg; b) the second phase was to assess the effect of the extract in normal rats by the method of test glucose tolerance, as Du Vigneaud and Karr, 1925; Arroyo and Cisneros, 2012., formed six groups of rats, which were: 1° glucose 500 mg/kg orally (G), 2° (G)+ insulin 4 IU/kg, 3° chlorpropamide 25 mg/kg, and the 4th, 5th and 6th groups received doses of plant extract 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively, blood was drawn to measure blood glucose (mg/dL) at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 hours after administration. Data were evaluated by multivariate techniques (P<0.05). The passion fruit extract glycemia maintained within acceptable parameters in normal rats; applying the test of tolerance oral to glucose, the glucose decreased extract of the fruit of P. edulis Sims lowers blood glucose levels in normal rats.

Efecto antisecretor gástrico del extracto acuoso de Solanum americanum Mill. "hierba mora" administrado a ratas con ligazón de píloro / Gastric antisecretory effect of aqueous extract of Solanum americanum Mill. (hierba mora) administered to rats with pylorus ligation

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto antisecretor gástrico del extracto acuoso del fruto de solanum americanum Mill. "hierba mora" admnistrado a ratas con ligazón de píloro y compararlo con omeprazol. La experimentación se realizó en el bioterio de la Facultad de Medicina, UNMSM, Lima, Perú; se utilizó extracto acuoso de solanum americanum Mill. y ratas albinas Sprague-Dawley machos adultas. Para la evaluación del efecto antisecretor gástrico se utilizaron 24 ratas, a los cuales se les ligó el píloro, y fueron distribuidas aleatoriamente en 4 grupos de 6 ratas cada uno, donde: el grupo 1° recibió solución salina fisiológica 4 mL/Kg; los grupos 2° y 3° recibieron extracto a dosis de 200 y 400 mg/kg respectivamente y el 4° grupo recibio omeprazol a dosis de 10 mg/kg, pasada las 4 horas se liga el cardis y se retiran los estómagos para obtener el contenido gástrico y medir el volumen, pH y los miliequivalentes de iones de hidrógeno del contenido gástrico. Se encontró que el extracto a dosís de 400 mg/kg, evidencia una disminución del volumen (66%) y de los miliequivalentes de hidrogeniones (8.5%) a la vez que aumentó el PH (163%) de la secreción gástrica; comparando con el omeprazol que disminuyó la secreción gástrica (83.6%) y de los miliequivalentes de hidrogeniones en (56.5%), además del aumento del pH (201.5%). Concluyendo que en condiciones experimentales, el extracto acuoso de S. americanum Mill., demostró tener efecto antisecretor gástrico en ratas con ligazón de píloro.

The present study aimed to determine the gastric antisecretory effect off aqueous extract of the fruit of Solanum americanum Mill (nigthshade) administred to rats with pylorus ligation and compared with omeprazole. Experiments were carried out in the animal facility of the Faculty of Medicine, San MArcos University, Lima, Peru, was used aqueous extract of Solanum americanum Mill and albino Sprague-Dawley adult male. For evaluation of the gastric antisecretory effect 24 rats were used, to which the pylorus was ligated, and were randomized into 4 groups of 6 rats each, where: 1° group received physiological saline 4ml/kg, the groups 2 and 3rd received extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively and the 4th group received omeprazole at doses 10 mg/kg, 4 hurs past the cardias ligated and removed stomachs for gastric contents and measuring the volume, pH and the milliequivalents of hydrogen ions of gastric contents. it was found that a dose of 400 mg/kg extract, shows a decrease of volume (66%) and of the milliequivalents of hydrogen ions (8.5%), while the pH increased (163%) of gastric secretion, compared with the omeprazole gastric secretion decreased (83.6%) and of the milliequivalents of hydrogen ions in (56.5%), besides the increased pH (201.5%). Concluding that under experimental condition, the aqueous extract of S. americanum Mill, demonstrated gastric antisecretory effect in rats with pylorus ligation.

Diffusion-weighted MR images and pineoblastoma: diagnosis and follow-up.

Pineoblastomas are uncommon pineal tumors, which demonstrate rapid growing and poor prognosis. We report the case of a 43-year-old man with an enhancing pineal region mass, which showed restriction of the diffusion on diffusion-weighted (DW) MR images. The surgical biopsy defined the diagnosis of pineoblastoma and the therapy was initiated with radiation and chemotherapy. Three months later, the follow-up MR imaging showed areas suggestive of necrosis and the DW images demonstrate no significant areas of restricted diffusion. The differential diagnosis of pineal region masses that could show restriction of diffusion is discussed.

Diffusion-weighted MR images and pineoblastoma: diagnosis and follow-up

Pineoblastomas are uncommon pineal tumors, which demonstrate rapid growing and poor prognosis. We report the case of a 43-year-old man with an enhancing pineal region mass, which showed restriction of the diffusion on diffusion-weighted (DW) MR images. The surgical biopsy defined the diagnosis of pineoblastoma and the therapy was initiated with radiation and chemotherapy. Three months later, the follow-up MR imaging showed areas suggestive of necrosis and the DW images demonstrate no significant areas of restricted diffusion. The differential diagnosis of pineal region masses that could show restriction of diffusion is discussed.

Pineoblastomas são tumores incomuns da glândula pineal, os quais têm crescimento rápido e prognóstico reservado. Os autores objetivam relatar o caso de um homem de 43 anos de idade com uma massa na região pineal com realce pelo contraste, a qual demonstrou restrição da difusão nas imagens de ressonância magnética (RM) pesadas em difusão. A biópsia cirúrgica definiu o diagnóstico de pineoblastoma e o tratamento foi iniciado com radio e quimioterapia. Três meses mais tarde, a RM de controle demonstrou áreas sugestivas de necrose e não mais eram observadas áreas de restrição da difusão da água. O diagnóstico diferencial das massas na região pineal que podem apresentar restrição da difusão é discutido.