Photodynamic Inactivation of Cariogenic Pathogens Using Curcumin as Photosensitizer.

OBJECTIVE: This investigation assessed the susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus to Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) when grown simultaneously in dentine carious lesions. BACKGROUND DATA: PDT is a technique that utilizes light to activate photosensitizers in the presence of oxygen to produce reactive radicals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A culture medium of 1% glucose, 2% sucrose, 1% young primary culture of L. acidophilus 108 CFU/mL, and S. mutans 108 CFU/mL was utilized to inoculate the bacterial induced caries on human dentine slabs. Different concentrations of the photosensitizer (0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 g/L) were activated through exposure to the light-emitting diode source with a central wavelength of 450 nm and a fluency of 5.7 J/cm2. Two light intensities (19 and 47.5 mW/cm2) were tested. Four different groups were analyzed: L-D- (control group), L-D+ (drug group), L+D+1 (PDT group 1, light intensity of 19 mW/cm2), and L+D+2 (PDT group 2, light intensity of 47.5 mW/cm2). ANOVA/Tukey tests were utilized to compare groups (α = 5%). RESULTS: Both light intensities required 5.0 g/L of curcumin for significant bacterial reduction (p < 0.05). No significant effect was found for L-D+, thus proving the absence of a potential inherent toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Curcumin has a toxic effect on microorganisms at appreciable concentrations upon photoactivation. However, it was required to use the maximum concentration of the drug for a successful procedure.

The Promising Applications of Stem Cells in the Oral Region: Literature Review.

INTRODUCTION: For a long time researchers have tried to find out a way to grow tissues back to the human body in order to solve transplantation problems by offering the unique opportunity to have their organs back, working properly, in search of life dignity. LITERATURE REVIEW: Stem cells seem to be present in many other tissues than researchers had once thought; and in some specific sites they can be easily collected, without the need of expensive interventions. The oral cavity is one of these regions where their collection can be accomplished, with plenty of accessible sites enriched with these precious cells. AIM: The aim of this literature review is to research where in the mouth can scientists find stem cells to be used in the near future. KEY-MESSAGE: The aim of this literature review is to research where stem cells can be found and collected in the oral cavity.

Detection of vertical root fractures in endodontically treated teeth in the absence and in the presence of metal post by cone-beam computed tomography.

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of gutta-percha and metallic posts on the efficiency of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in diagnosing Vertical Root Fracture (VRF). METHODS: Forty-eight teeth were divided into 3 experimental and 3 control groups. The teeth of the first experimental group and the first control group received neither gutta-percha nor metal posts. The teeth of the second experimental group and the second control group were filled with gutta-percha, and the teeth of the third experimental group and the third control group were filled with the metal posts. The teeth of the experimental groups were artificially fractured. The teeth were evaluated through images taken by a Prexion scanner with a 0.1 mm resolution. Fisher's exact test was used to measure the following values: sensitivity, false negative, specificity, false positive and accuracy for the VRF detection through the scanner. Three observers calibrated and blinded to the protocol evaluated the images. RESULTS: The inter-observer Kappa coefficient was 0.83. The presence of posts and gutta-percha reduced the sensitivity and the accuracy in detecting the VRF. Regarding to the sensitivity (p = 0.837, p = 0.304, p = 0.837 for evaluator 1, 2 and 3, respectively) and specificity (p = 0.162, p = 0.056, p = 0.062 for evaluator 1, 2 and 3, respectively), Fisher's exact test showed no statistically significant difference among the evaluated groups. However, a significant difference was observed in relation to the accuracy in the results of evaluator 2 (p = 0.03), which showed a much lower accuracy for the post group (50 %) than for the Nonfilled group (93.8 %). CONCLUSIONS: The Prexion tomograph was precise in detecting vertical root fractures and the CBCT diagnostic ability was not influenced by the presence of posts or gutta-percha.

Comparação de critérios de diagnóstico clínico de periodontite em diabéticos / Comparison of clinical diagnostic criteria of periodontitis in diabetics

Objetivo: A diversidade de critérios de diagnóstico clínico para periodontite em trabalhos científicos tem dificultado a determinação adequada da frequência desta doença e diminuído a possibilidade de comparações entre os estudos. O objetivo foi comparar cinco critérios encontrados na literatura que a associam a profundidade de sondagem (PS) e a perda de inserção clínica (PIC) na determinação da doença periodontal. Material e Métodos: 92 pacientes diabéticos foram submetidos à avaliação periodontal, sendo registrado medidas de PS e PIC em seis sítios em cada dente, e sangramento a sondagem. Com os dados registrados foi calculada a frequência da doença periodontal aplicando os diferentes critérios e posteriormente foi avaliado a concordância entre 5 critérios, utilizando o índice de Kappa (K). Resultados: A frequência de casos de periodontite para os critérios I (PIC ≥ 5 mm em 4 ou mais sítios, e pelo menos um deles com PS ≥ 4 mm), II (PS ≥ 4 mm e PIC ≥ 4 mm em pelo menos um sítio), III (4 ou mais dentes com pelo menos 1 sítio com PS ≥ 4 mm e PIC ≥ 3 mm), IV (2 ou mais dentes com pelo menos 1 sítio PS ≥ 4 mm e PIC ≥ 3mm) e V (PIC ≥ 6 mm em 2 ou mais dentes e PS ≥ 5 mm em 1 ou mais sítios) foi de 59,8%, 67,4%, 51,1%, 56,5% e 57,6%, respectivamente. A concordância entre os critérios de diagnósticos clínicos pelo Kappa variou entre 0,47 (47%) e 0,89 (89%). Conclusão: A frequência de distribuição da periodontite em pacientes diabéticos utilizando diversos critérios de diagnóstico não apresentou grande variação, e a concordância foi considerada entre razoável a boa e excelente. (AU)

Objective: The variability of clinical diagnostic criteria for periodontitis in scientific papers has difficulted the proper determination of the frequency of this disease and decreases the possibility of comparisons between studies. The aim of this study was to compare five criteria found in the literature associated with probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) in the determination of periodontal disease. Methods: 92 diabetic patients underwent periodontal evaluation, and measures of PD and CAL was performed at six sites on each tooth, and bleeding on probing. With the recorded data the frequency of periodontal disease was calculated by applying different criteria and was subsequently evaluated the correlation between 5 criteria, using the Kappa index (K). Results: The frequency of cases of periodontitis for the criteria I (CAL ≥ 5 mm in 4 or more sites, with at least one site PD ≥ 4 mm), II (PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 4 mm in at least one site), III (4 or more teeth with at least one site PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 3 mm), IV (2 or more teeth with at least one site PD ≥ 4 mm e CAL ≥ 3mm) e V (CAL ≥ 6 mm in 2 or more teeth and PD ≥ 5 mm in one or more sites) was 59.8%, 67.4%, 51.1%, 56.5% and 57.6%, respectively. The agreement between the criteria for clinical diagnosis by Kappa ranged from 0.47 (47%) and 0.89 (89%). Conclusion: The frequency distribution of periodontitis in diabetic patients using various diagnostic criteria did not show great variation, and the agreement was considered reasonable to good and excelente (AU)

Avaliação das Atitudes de Estudantes da Área da Saúde em relação a Pacientes Esquizofrênicos / Evaluation of Attitudes toward Schizophrenic Patients among Health Students

RESUMO Introdução Apesar dos progressos obtidos com a reforma na assistência psiquiátrica brasileira, percebe-se ainda despreparo dos profissionais da área da saúde quanto à competência em relação aos pacientes portadores de transtornos mentais. Objetivos Avaliar o conhecimento e atitudes de estudantes iniciantes e concluintes da área da saúde em relação a pacientes esquizofrênicos. Método Estudo transversal em que se aplicou uma vinheta e um questionário sobre um paciente portador de esquizofrenia a alunos dos cursos de Enfermagem, Medicina e Psicologia de faculdades de Barbacena (MG). Estabeleceu-se um escore para as respostas esperadas, comparando-se as médias dos grupos de estudantes. Resultados Amostra composta por 209 estudantes, sendo 81 (38,8%) do curso de Medicina, 61 (29,2%) de Enfermagem e 67 (32,1%) de Psicologia. Desses, 135 (64,6%) eram iniciantes e 74 (35,4%) eram concluintes. Alunos concluintes apresentaram maior escore médio quando comparados aos ingressantes, porém não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes na comparação do escore médio entre iniciantes e concluintes, e nem diferença entre os cursos avaliados. Conclusão Embora não se tenham observado diferenças significantes entre estudantes iniciantes e concluintes, em todos os cursos predominaram atitudes negativas e pouco conhecimento sobre o tema abordado. A instrução acadêmica deve ser aprimorada. Profissionais de saúde precisam se conscientizar de que suas atitudes geram maior impacto na sociedade que as atitudes da população geral.

ABSTRACT Introduction Despite the progress achieved through the Brazilian psychiatric care reform, a lack of preparation among health professionals is still evident in their relations with patients with mental disorders. Objectives To evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of first year and final year health care students in relation to schizophrenic patients. Method Cross-sectional study which applied a vignette and a questionnaire about a patient with schizophrenia to Nursing, Medicine and Psychology students from Barbacena university (MG). A score system was established for the expected responses, compared to the averages of the student groups. Results Sample composed of 209 students, of whom 81 (38.8%) were from the school of Medicine, 61 (29.2%) from the Nursing course and 67 (32.1%) from the Psychology course. Of these, 135 (64.6%) were first year students and 74 (35.4%) were final year students. The final year students reported a higher average score when compared to the freshman student, but no statistically significant differences were observed in the score comparisons neither between first and final year students, nor between the different courses. Conclusion Although no significant differences between the first and final year students were observed, negative attitudes and little knowledge were predominant in all courses. Academic instruction requires improvement. Health professionals need to be aware that their attitudes generate a greater impact on society than the attitudes of the general population.

Effect of pH values of two bleaching gels on enamel microhardness.

This study evaluated the influence of bleaching gel pH and the effect of remineralizing gels after bleaching in different time intervals. Sixty bovine incisors were divided into 2 groups (n = 30). Group 1 was bleached with a 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) acid gel and Group 2 was bleached with a 35% HP neutral gel. Each group was then divided into 3 subgroups (n = 10) according to the post-bleaching treatment used: storage in artificial saliva, application of a fluoride gel, or application of a gel consisting of fluoride, potassium nitrate, and nanostructured calcium phosphate. Specimens were stored in artificial saliva, and enamel microhardness was evaluated at 24 hours and 15 days postbleaching. Vickers microhardness data were analyzed by means of 2-way ANOVA, with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post-hoc test. Twenty-four hours after bleaching, no significant differences were found between the bleaching gels. At 15 days postbleaching, Group 2 samples demonstrated a significant reduction in microhardness. No significant differences were found between the remineralizing gels, though all of the postbleaching treatments after the use of 35% neutral gel were able to re-establish baseline microhardness. It was concluded that neutral bleaching gel significantly reduced enamel microhardness 15 days after bleaching and that the use of remineralizing gels did not significantly enhance the microhardness of bleached enamel. However, in clinical situations, the acquired enamel pellicle protects tooth surfaces, and postbleaching, decalcified enamel would undergo recalcification. This study indicates that it is important to consider the bleaching agent's pH and composition when treating patients with reduced salivary secretion.

Impact of remineralizing agents on enamel microhardness recovery after in-office tooth bleaching therapies.

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that bleaching with 35/38% hydrogen peroxides may alter both enamel morphology and mineral content. This study aimed to analyze the morphology and microhardness of enamel bleached with in-office hydrogen peroxides and exposed toremineralizing agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After recording initial enamel morphology and microhardness, 60 bovine incisors were bleached using either a calcium-containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP Blue) or a calcium-free 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whitegold Office) (n = 30). Then, the teeth were subjected to one of three post-bleaching remineralizing treatments (n = 10): storage in artificial saliva only, application of a sodium fluoride gel or application of a nanohydroxyapatite-based agent (Nano-P). After 24 h and 14 days of post-bleaching treatments, the enamel morphology and microhardness were re-evaluated. The microhardness data were analyzed by means of two-way ANOVA with repeated measurements and Tukey tests (p < 0.05), while the enamel morphology was analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: Samples exposed to Nano-P presented statistically the highest microhardness 24 h after its application in comparison with other remineralizing agents. The microhardness recovery did not occur in any of the groups 14 days after treatment. The morphology of all samples 14 days after the application of all remineralizing agents presented a higher number of irregularities. CONCLUSION: Although some remineralizing products provided microhardness recovery and a positive effect on enamel morphology at 24 h post-bleaching, none of them were able to maintain microhardness and enamel morphology at 14 days post-bleaching.

Photodynamic effects of curcumin against cariogenic pathogens.

BACKGROUND DATA: The presence of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in dental structure is an indicator of a cariogenic biofilm. Photodynamic therapy is a technique that involves the activation of photosensitizers by light in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the production of reactive radicals capable of inducing cell death. Reduction of bacteria levels can provide additional means of preventing dental caries. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the susceptibility of planktonic cultures of S. mutans (ATCC 25175) and L. acidophilus (ATCC-IAL-523) from the Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) to photodynamic therapy after sensitization with curcumin and exposure to blue light at 450 nm. METHODS: Bacterial suspensions of S. mutans and L. acidophilus isolated (as single species) and combined (multspecies) were prepared and then evaluated. Four different groups were analyzed: L-D- (control group), L-D+ (drug group), L+D- (light group), and L+D+ (photodynamic therapy group). Two different concentrations of curcumin were tested (0.75 and 1.5 g/L) associated with a 5.7 J/cm(2) light emission diode. RESULTS: Significant decreases (p<0.05) in the viability of S. mutans were only observed when the bacterial suspensions were exposed to both curcumin and light. Then, reductions in viability of up to 99.99% were observed when using 1.5 g/L of the photosensitizer. The susceptibility of L. acidophilus was considerably lower (21% and 37.6%) for both curcumin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy was found to be effective in reducing S. mutans and L. acidophilus on planktonic cultures. No significant reduction was found for L-D+, proving the absence of dark toxicity of the drug.

Overall-mouth disinfection by photodynamic therapy using curcumin.

BACKGROUND DATA: Photodynamic therapy is a technique that involves the activation of photosensitizers by light in the presence of tissue oxygen, resulting in the production of reactive radicals capable of inducing cell death. OBJECTIVE: The present study assessed the overall susceptibility of pathogens of salivary flora to photodynamic therapy after sensitization with curcumin and exposure to blue light at 450 nm. METHODS: A randomized trial was executed with 13 adult volunteers. Three different groups were analyzed: L-D- (no light, no drug; control group), L-D+ (treated only with the drug; curcumin group) and L+D+ (treated with drug and light; photodynamic therapy group). Non-stimulated saliva samples were collected for bacterial counts at baseline and after the experimental phase, and adverse events experienced were recorded. Serial dilutions were performed, and the resulting samples were cultured on blood agar plates in microaerophilic conditions. The number of colony-forming units was then determined. RESULTS: There was a considerable difference between the two experimental groups with regard to effectiveness of bacterial reduction. In the L-D+ group, the bacterial decline was considerably smaller (9%) than in the L+D+ group, with a 68% decrease in bacteria. A statistically significant reduction in the bacterial population was observed only in the photodynamic therapy group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy was found to be effective in the reduction of salivary microorganisms. No significant reduction was found for the group in which only curcumin was used, proving the absence of dark toxicity of the drug. This work shows that overall disinfection of the mouth can be done with a simple procedure involving photodynamic action.

Resina composta: estágio atual e indicações / Composite resin: present stage and indications

É frequente a busca dos pacientes pela melhoria da estética dentária cujas técnicas têm obtido grande progresso devido à proliferação de pesquisas em materiais que atendam essa necessidade. Com a evolução das técnicas adesivas a resina composta tem sido intensamente pesquisada em relação as suas indicações, quantidade de partículas, formato, composição e distribuição, no sentido de se encontrar resinas compostas com melhores propriedades físicas. Mesmo com a grande variedade de resinas compostas e o grande número de pesquisas, ainda não surgiu um material restaurador ideal, portanto é importante o conhecimento por parte dos clínicos do material a ser utilizado, com suas indicações corretas, para que sejam obtidos resultados clínicos com sucesso estético e funcional

It is common patients seek aesthetic dentistry, which technique have had a great progress due to the proliferation of researches on material to meet this need. With the development of the adhesive techniques, composite resin has been largely researched, concerning its indications, amount of particles, shape, compositions and distribution, in order to find dental composite resins presenting better physical properties. Even with the wide variety of composites and the large number of researches, it has not yet appeared an ideal restorative material, hence the importance of knowledge by the clinicians of the material used, with adequate indications, so that the clinical results succeed aesthetically and functionally

Mannose binding lectin genes (MBL2) polymorpshisms and the periodontal disease in diabetic patients / Polimorfimos da lectina de ligação da manose (MBL2) e doença periodontal em pacientes diabéticos

PURPOSE: To assess the association between the polymorphism in exon-1 of the MBL2 gene and the periodontal disease in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: The sample comprised of 100 patients, who were submitted to a clinical periodontal examination that evaluated in six sites per tooth the probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), plaque index (PI) and the number of teeth present. Periodontal disease was defined as at least four sites with loss of attachment of >5 mm, with one or more of those sites having a pocket of > 4 mm. The collection of scaling cells from the oral mucosa was carried out and the detection of MBL2 polymorphism was made by real time PCR and melting temperature curve analysis. RESULTS: In a type 2 diabetic population, no significant statistical differences in MBL2 polymorphisms genotype or allele frequencies were observed among subjects with periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the polymorphisms in exon-1 of the MBL2 gene are not related to periodontal disease in a type 2 diabetic population.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação entre o polimorfismo no exon-1 do gene MBL2 e a doença periodontal em pacientes diabéticos tipo 2. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por 100 pacientes que foram submetidos a um exame clínico periodontal que avaliou seis sítios por dente a profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS), perda de inserção clínica (PIC), índice de placa (IP) e o número de dentes presente. A doença periodontal foi definida como pelo menos quatro sítios com perda de inserção de >5mm, com um ou mais destes sítios tendo uma bolsa de >4mm. Foram coletadas células de descamação da mucosa oral e a detecção do polimorfismo foi feita através da PCR em tempo real e análise da temperatura de melting. RESULTADOS: Em uma população de diabéticos tipo 2, não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nos genótipos do polimorfismo da MBL2 ou freqüência alélica observadas entre os indivíduos com doença periodontal. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo indicou que o polimorfimos no exon-1 do gene da MBL2 não foi relacionado à doença periodontal em uma população de diabéticos tipo 2.

Condição Periodontal e Marcadores do Controle Metabólico em Pacientes Diabéticos / Periodontal Conditions and Metabolic Control Markers in Diabetic Patients

Objetivo: Avaliar a condição periodontal dos pacientes diabéticos tipo 2, relacionando com o controle de marcadores metabólicos.Método: Para este estudo foram selecionados 92 pacientes diabéticos que recebiam tratamento em dois centros de referência em Recife, Brasil. Foram realizados exames clínicos periodontais em seis sítios de cada dente, avaliando a profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem, perda de inserção, índice de placa dentária e número de dentes presentes. A doença periodontal foi definida pela presença de mais de 4 sítios com perda de inserção ≥ 5 mm, sendo um ou mais destes sítios com profundidade de sondagem de 4 mm ou mais. Foram realizados exames hematológicos para avaliar os marcadores metabólicos (hemoglobina glicosilada, glicemia de jejum, triglicérides, colesterol total, colesterol HDL e LDL). Foi realizada análise estatística bi-variada para verificar a associação entre as variáveis em estudo.Resultados: A avaliação da condição periodontal dos pacientes avaliados mostrou que 59,8% dos pacientes diabéticos eram portadores de doença periodontal, caracterizada por periodontite. A média de idade observada foi de 54,8 anos com DP = 9,3, o sangramento gengival à sondagem e o índice de placa foram de 33,8% e 61,07%, respectivamente. A maioria dos pacientes com níveis elevados de glicemia (≥ 126 mg / dL) apresentaram doença periodontal (62,3%),o perfil lipídico dos pacientes com doença periodontal se mostrou controlado.Conclusão: Não foi observada associação entre a condição periodontal e os marcadores do controle metabólico dos pacientes diabéticos

Objective: Evaluate the periodontal condition in diabetic patients type 2, relating to markers of metabolic control.Methods: 92 diabetic patients who received treatment in two centers in Recife, Brazil, had been invited to participate in this study. It was carried through periodontal clinical examinations in six sites of each tooth, evaluating the depth probing, bleeding probing, attachment loss, dental plaque and the number of teeth present. Periodontal disease was defined as the presence of 4 + sites with attachment loss of ≥ 5 mm with one or more than these sites with depth probing of 4 + mm. Hematologic examinations were carried out to evaluate the metabolic markers (Glycosylated Hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL and LDL). Bi-variate analysis were used to verified the association between variables.Results: Evaluation of periodontal condition in the sample have shown 59.8% of diabetic patients had periodontal diseases, characterized as periodontitis. The average of age observed was 54.8 years with DP= 9.3, average of bleed on probing and plaque index were 33.8% and 61.07%, respectively. The majority of patients with raised glicemic levels (≥126 mg/dL) had presented DP (62,3%), in relation to the lipidic profile the patients with periodontal disease had been presented controlled. Conclusion: In the studied population there were no signs of any association between the periodontal condition and the markers of metabolic control

Imunidade inata nas doenças periodontais: [revisão] / Innate immunity in the periodontal disease: [review]

Sabe-se que o fator etiológico primário das doenças periodontais é o biofilme bacteriano, e, todos os indivíduos que tiverem acúmulo de bactérias na superfície dental próxima à margem gengival, vão após algum tempo apresentar sinais de inflamação gengival. Entretanto, a magnitude da progressão da doença, isto é, o quanto e em que velocidade ela vai destruir o periodonto, é dependente da patogenicidade dos microorganismos da placa e da capacidade de defesa do hospedeiro através de seu sistema imune. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo, através de uma revisão da literatura, apresentar os aspectos envolvidos na resposta imune do hospedeiro, em particular, na resposta imune inata, relacionando-a com o desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. Pode-se concluir que a manifestação da doença peiodontal em sua forma destrutiva está intimamente relacionada aos mecanismos imunológicos do hospedeiro, determinando sua susceptibilidade e vaiações nas respostas do organismo dentro do processo patogênico.

It is known that the primary etiological factor of periodontal diseases is the bacterial biofilm and all individuals who have accumulation of bacteria in dental surface near the gingival margin will show signs of gingival inflammation after some time. However, the magnitude of progression of the disease, which is, how much and in what speed it will destroy the periodontal tissue support, it is dependent on the pathogenicity of microorganisms plaque and the ability to defend of the host through your immune system. This study aimed to, through a review of the literature, present the issues involved in the immune response of the host, in particular, the innate immune response, listing it with the developmente of the periodontal disease. It is concluded that the expression of the periodontal disease in its destructive way, is closely related to immunological mechanisms of the host, determining their susceptibility and variations in the responses of the organism in the pathogenic process.

Considerações sobre a classificação e o comportamento biológico dos tumores odontogênicos epiteliais: revisão da literatura / Considerations regarding the epithelial odontogenic tumor classification and biological behavior: a literature review

Os tumores odontogênicos compreendem um grupo complexo de lesões com comportamento clínico e tipos histológicos diversos. Alguns desses tumores são neoplasias verdadeiras e raramente apresentam um comportamento maligno. Recentemente, a classificação e a nomenclatura dos tumores odontogênicos foi revisada e atualizada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, e novas terminologias e entidades foram acrescentadas ao grupo. Nesta revisão da literatura, os autores enfatizaram as mudanças substanciais ocorridas na classificação dessas patologias, além de relatar experimentos que tiveram como finalidade identificar alterações moleculares nos tumores odontogênicos de origem epitelial.

Dental erosion and consumption of industrialized beverages in a group of children in Recife/Pernambuco, Brazil / Erosão dental e consumo de bebidas industrializadas em crianças de Recife/Pernambuco, Brasil

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the occurrence of dental erosion in a group of children aged 5 to 12 year-old in the city of Recife/Pernambuco, Brazil, and its association with the consumption of industrialized beverages. Methods: The sample was composed of 970 children. Data were collected by using interviews and clinical examination. Dental erosion was considered as the presence of cervical lesions on vestibular surfaces with the following clinical characteristics: wide, shallow, U-shaped lesions, with a smooth surface and no clear angles. Pearson's chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The occurrence of dental erosion in the sample was 3.4%: 2.5% of the deciduous dentition and 1.8% of the permanent dentition. In both dentitions, dental erosion was associated with the consumption of industrialized beverages (P=0.02), especially soft drinks (P=0.004). Conclusions: The occurrence of dental erosion was low in the present study, suggesting that this type of condition does not constitute a public health problem for the population investigated.

Objetivo: Observar a ocorrência de erosão dental em um grupo de crianças de 5 a 12 anos de idade, da cidade do Recife/Pernambuco e sua associação com o consumo de bebidas industrializadas. Metodologia: A amostra foi composta por 970 crianças e a coleta de dados abrangeu entrevistas e exames clínicos. Considerou-se como erosão dental a presença de lesões cervicais em superfícies vestibulares com as seguintes características clínicas: lesões largas, rasas, sem ângulos nítidos, com superfície lisa e em forma de "U". Para a análise estatística foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: A ocorrência de erosão dental na amostra estudada foi de 3,4%, sendo 2,4% para a dentição decídua e 1,8% para a dentição permanente. Tanto na dentição decídua, quanto na permanente, a erosão dental foi associada ao consumo de bebidas industrializadas (P=0,02) e de refrigerantes especificamente (P=0,004). Conclusão: Neste estudo, a ocorrência de erosão dental foi baixa, sugerindo que este tipo de agravo não se configura em um problema de saúde pública para a população investigada.

Análise da microinfiltração marginal em restaurações de cimentos ionoméricos após a utilização de Papacárie® / Analysis of marginal microleakage in glass ionomer cement restorations after the use of Papacárie®

Objetivo: Este trabalho avaliou o selamento marginal de dois cimentos ionoméricos, um convencional (Vitro Fill) e um modificado por resina (Vitro Fill LC), após o uso de dois métodos de remoção da cárie (convencional e químico-mecânico). Metodologia: Foram utilizados 40 molares decíduos cariados em suas faces oclusais, que, após a remoção do tecido cariado pelas duas técnicas, tiveram as cavidades restauradas com os cimentos de ionômero de vidro. Após preparo para teste de microinfiltração (termociclagem e fucsina básica), os dentes foram seccionados e avaliados por examinadores que atribuíram escores conforme o grau de microinfiltração observado. Resultados: Não houve diferença significantiva no grau de infiltração marginal das restaurações para as técnicas de remoção de tecido cariado (teste de Kruskal-Wallis, nível de significância de 5%). Para os materiais restauradores utilizados, o cimento ionomérico modificado por resina apresentou melhor selamento marginal independente da técnica de remoção de cárie utilizada. Conclusão: A utilização do Papacárie® não influenciou o selamento marginal dos materiais restauradores utilizados. O cimento ionomérico modificado por resina mostrou melhor selamento marginal que o cimento ionomérico convencional.

Purpose: This study evaluated the marginal sealing of cavities restored with convencional (Vitro Fill) or resin-modified (Vitro Fill LC) glass ionomer cements, after caries removal using two differents techniques (rotary instruments and chemomechanical removal). Methods: Forty deciduous human molars with caries lesions on the oclusal surface were used. After caries removal with one of the two tested techniques, the cavities were restored with each of the glass ionomer cements. The test specimens were thermocycled, immersed into basic fucsin, seccioned, and assessed by examiners to record microleakage using a score system. Results: No significant difference of microleakage was found between the two caries removal techniques (Kruskal-Wallis test, 5% significance level). For the restorative materials, resin-modified glass ionomer cement showed better marginal sealing independently from the caries removal technique used. Conclusion: Caries removal using Papacarie® did not influence the marginal sealing ability of glass ionomer restorations. The tested resin-modified glass ionomer cement had better results than the conventional glass ionomer cement.

Avaliação do selamento marginal de restaurações adesivas após o uso do gel de papaia / Evaluation of the marginal sealing of adhesive restorations after use of papain gel

Objetivo: Avaliar o selamento marginal de restaurações adesivas após a remoção do tecido cariado com o gel de papaia (Papacárie®) e através do método convencional (instrumentos rotatórios). Método: Foram utilizados dezessete pré-molares humanos extraídos, com lesões cariosas envolvendo suas faces oclusal (término em esmalte) e proximal (término em dentina). A amostra foi distribuída em dois grupos: G1 remoção do tecido cariado pela técnica convencional e G2 remoção do tecido cariado pela técnica químico-mecânica (Papacárie®). Após a remoção do tecido cariado pelas duas técnicas, foi aplicado o sistema adesivo Prime&Bond 2.1®, sendo as cavidades restauradas em resina composta fotopolimerizável (Filtek Z250®/A2). Empregou-se a metodologia para microinfiltração, na qual os espécimes foram termociclados (300 ciclos; 5ºC-55ºC, 15s. em cada banho), impermeabilizados através do selamento dos ápices e furcas, imersos em corante (fucsina básica) durante 24 horas, seccionados longitudinalmente através das restaurações e avaliados por três examinadores que atribuíram escores conforme o grau de penetração do corante na interface esmalte/restauração e dentina/restauração, das paredes oclusais e cervicais, respectivamente. Resultados: Os escores foram compilados e submetidos à análise estatística (teste Mann-Whitney com significância de 5%), evidenciando-se a ocorrência de infiltração marginal na parede cervical dos dois grupos (Papacárie® e instrumentos rotatórios) sem diferença significativa entre eles. Na parede oclusal ocorreu uma diferença significativa no grau de infiltração observado entre os grupos, pois, o grupo no qual se utilizou o Papacárie® obteve pior desempenho. Conclusão: O método de remoção químico-mecânico do tecido cariado com o gel de papaia influencia o grau de infiltração, comprometendo o selamento marginal do material restaurador adesivo utilizado.

Purpose: To evaluate the marginal sealing of adhesive restorations after removal of carious tissue with papain gel (Papac rie©) and after conventional method (rotary cutting instruments).Method: Seventeen extracted human premolars with carious lesions involving their occlusal surface (margin in enamel) and proximal surface (margin in dentin). The specimens were allocated in two groups: G1 - removal of the carious tissue by the conventional technique and G2 - removal of the carious tissue by the chemomechanical technique (Papac rie ©). After carious tissueremoval by both techniques, Prime&Bond 2.1© adhesive systemwas applied and the cavities were restored with a light-curing composed resin (Filtek Z250©/A2). The methodology for microleakage test was conducted: the specimens werethermocycled (300 cycles; 5§C-55§C, 15 s in each bath), rendered waterproof by sealing of the apexes and furcal regions, immersed in a dye solution (basic fuchsin) during 24 hours, sectioned longitudinally through the restorations and evaluated by three examiners that attributed scores according to the degree of dye penetration at enamel/restoration and dentin/restoration interface(occlusal and cervical walls, respectively).Results: The scores were compiled and analyzed statistically (Mann-Whitney test with 5% significance level), showing the occurrence of marginal leakage at the cervical wall of both groups(Papac rie© and rotary cutting instruments) with no statistically significant difference between them. At the occlusal wall, there was statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the microleakage degree; the group in which Papac rie©was used had a worse behavior.Conclusions: The chemomechanical method of removal of carious tissue with papain gel influenced the degree of leakage,compromising the marginal sealing of the adhesive restorative system employed.