Fatores de risco para lesão renal aguda após cirurgia cardíaca / Risk factors for acute renal failure after heart surgery

Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco associados à lesão renal aguda em pacientes com níveis séricos normais de creatinina sérica que foram submetidos à revascularização cirúrgica do miocárdio e/ou cirurgia valvar. Métodos: Os dados de uma coorte de 769 pacientes foram analisados utilizando análise bivariável e regressão logística binária. Resultados: Trezentos e oitenta e um pacientes foram submetidos à revascularização isolada, 339 a cirurgia valvar e 49 a ambas. Quarenta e seis por cento dos pacientes eram do sexo feminino e a idade média foi 57 ± 14 anos. Setenta e oito (10 por cento) pacientes apresentavam disfunção renal no pósoperatório, 23 por cento destes necessitaram hemodiálise. A mortalidade geral foi 10 por cento. A mortalidade para pacientes com disfunção renal pós-operatória foi de 40 por cento (versus 7 por cento, P <0,001), 29 por cento para aqueles que não precisam diálise e 67 por cento para aqueles que necessitaram de diálise (P = 0,004). Os fatores de risco independentes identificados foram: idade (P <0,000, OR: 1,056), insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (P = 0,091, OR: 2,238), DPOC (P = 0,003, OR: 4,111), endocardite (P = 0,001, OR: 12,140, infarto do miocárdio < 30 dias (P = 0,015, OR: 4,205), cirurgia valvar (P = 0,016, OR: 2,137), tempo de circulação extracorpórea > 120 minutos (P = 0,001, OR: 7,040), doença arterial periférica (P = 0,107, 2,296). Conclusão: A disfunção renal foi a disfunção orgânica pós-operatória mais frequente em pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio e/ou cirurgia valvar e idade, presença de insuficiência cardíaca, DPOC, endocardite, infarto do miocárdio < 30 dias, doença arterial periférica, cirurgia valvar e tempo de circulação extracorpórea > 120 minutos foram os fatores de risco independentemente associados à lesão renal aguda.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for acute renal failure in patients with normal levels of serum creatinine who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and/or valve surgery. Methods: Data from a cohort of 769 patients were assessed using bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression modeling. Results: Three hundred eighty one patients underwent CABG, 339 valve surgery and 49 had undergone both simultaneously. Forty six percent of the patients were female and the mean age was 57 ± 14 years (13 to 89 years). Seventy eight (10 percent) patients presented renal dysfunction postoperatively, of these 23 percent needed hemodialysis (2.4 percent of all patients). The mortality for the whole cohort was 10 percent. The overall mortality for patients experiencing postoperative renal dysfunction was 40 percent (versus 7 percent, P < 0.001), 29 percent for those who did not need dialysis and 67 percent for those who needed dialysis (P = 0.004). The independent risk factors found were: age (P < 0.000, OR: 1.056), congestive heart failure (P = 0.091, OR: 2.238), COPD (P = 0.003, OR: 4.111), endocarditis (P = 0.001, OR: 12.140), myocardial infarction < 30 days (P = 0.015, OR: 4.205), valve surgery (P = 0.016, OR: 2.137), cardiopulmonary bypass time > 120 min (P = 0.001, OR: 7.040), peripheral arterial vascular disease (P = 0.107, 2.296). Conclusion: Renal dysfunction was the most frequent postoperative organ dysfunction in patients undergone CABG and/or valve surgery and age, congestive heart failure, COPD, endocarditis, myocardial infarction < 30 days, valve surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass time >120 min, and peripheral arterial vascular disease were the risk factors independently associated with acute renal failure (ARF).

Risk factors for acute renal failure after heart surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to identify risk factors for acute renal failure in patients with normal levels of serum creatinine who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and/or valve surgery. METHODS: Data from a cohort of 769 patients were assessed using bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression modeling. RESULTS: Three hundred eighty one patients underwent CABG, 339 valve surgery and 49 had undergone both simultaneously. Forty six percent of the patients were female and the mean age was 57 +/- 14 years (13 to 89 years). Seventy eight (10%) patients presented renal dysfunction postoperatively, of these 23% needed hemodialysis (2.4% of all patients). The mortality for the whole cohort was 10%. The overall mortality for patients experiencing postoperative renal dysfunction was 40% (versus 7%, P < 0.001), 29% for those who did not need dialysis and 67% for those who needed dialysis (P = 0.004). The independent risk factors found were: age (P < 0.000, OR: 1.056), congestive heart failure (P = 0.091, OR: 2.238), COPD (P = 0.003, OR: 4.111), endocarditis (P = 0.001, OR: 12.140), myocardial infarction < 30 days (P = 0.015, OR: 4.205), valve surgery (P = 0.016, OR: 2.137), cardiopulmonary bypass time > 120 min (P = 0.001, OR: 7.040), peripheral arterial vascular disease (P = 0.107, 2.296). CONCLUSION: Renal dysfunction was the most frequent postoperative organ dysfunction in patients undergone CABG and/or valve surgery and age, congestive heart failure, COPD, endocarditis, myocardial infarction < 30 days, valve surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass time >120 min, and peripheral arterial vascular disease were the risk factors independently associated with acute renal failure (ARF).

[Surgical treatment of aortic valve disease with stentless bovine pericardium prosthesis: immediate results]. / Tratamento cirúrgico das valvopatias aórticas com bioprótese de pericárdio bovino sem suporte: resultados imediatos.

OBJECTIVE: To present the immediate results and assess the clinical and hemodynamic performance of stentless bovine pericardial bioprostheses in aortic position. METHODS: Twenty patients were operated who were indicated for surgery for valve replacement with biological prosthesis. Eleven patients were male; sixteen had aortic stenosis; four, insufficiency; the mean age was 66.3 +/- 8.8 years. The surgical technique used was subcoronary implant. Associated procedures were performed in five patients. Postoperative morbidity, mortality and hemodynamic performance were assessed on transthoracic echocardiogram. RESULTS: Mean time of cardiopulmonary bypass was 136.5 +/- 24.41 minutes and mean anoxic time was 105.2 +/- 21.62 minutes. Hospital mortality was 5% (one patient). Mean time of intensive care unit stay was 3.65 +/- 3.23 days. Mean postoperatively transvalvular gradient was was 25.39 +/- 7.82 mmHg. Left ventricle ejection fraction was 67 +/- 13.49% preoperatively and 63.24 +/- 16.06% postoperatively (p = 0.45). Eleven patients did not present any degree of valve regurgitation, eight presented mild regurgitation and one ,mild to moderate regurgitation. CONCLUSION: Stentless prostheses can be used for the surgical treatment of aortic valve diseases, with in hospital mortality and morbidity similar to the mortality and morbidity described in the literature for similar procedures, with satisfactory hemodynamic performance.

Tratamento cirúrgico das valvopatias aórticas com bioprótese de pericárdio bovino sem suporte: resultados imediatos / Surgical treatment of aortic valve disease with stentless bovine pericardium prosthesis: immediate results

OBJETIVO: Apresentar os resultados imediatos e avaliar o desempenho clínico e hemodinâmico das biopróteses sem suporte de pericárdio bovino (stentless) em posição aórtica. MÉTODOS: Foram operados 20 pacientes com indicação de troca valvar aórtica por bioprótese, sendo 11 homens, 16 com estenose aórtica; a média de idade foi 66,3 ± 8,8 anos. A técnica operatória utilizada foi o implante subcoronariano. Cinco pacientes receberam procedimentos associados. No pós-operatório, a morbidade-mortalidade e o desempenho hemodinâmico foram avaliados por meio de ecocardiograma transtorácico. RESULTADOS: Os tempos médios de circulação extracorpórea e anóxia foram, respectivamente, 136,5 ± 24,41 min e 105,2 ± 21,62 min. A mortalidade hospitalar foi 5 por cento (um paciente). A permanência na UTI foi, em média, 3,65 ± 3,23 dias. A média dos gradientes transvalvares no pós-operatório foi 25,39 ± 7,82 mmHg. A fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo no pré-operatório era 67 ± 13,49 por cento e, no pós-operatório, foi 63,24 ± 16,06 por cento (p = 0,45). Onze pacientes não apresentaram nenhum grau de refluxo valvar, 8 apresentaram refluxo leve, e um, refluxo leve a moderado. CONCLUSÃO: As próteses stentless podem ser utilizadas no tratamento cirúrgico das valvopatias aórticas, com morbidade e mortalidade na fase hospitalar semelhante à descrita na literatura para procedimentos semelhantes, e apresentam desempenho hemodinâmico satisfatório.

[Sildenafil improves right ventricular function in a cardiac transplant recipient]. / Sildenafil melhora a função ventricular direita no receptor de transplante cardíaco.

We report the case of a male patient who underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation. A marginal donor was used, because the recipient's clinical condition was critical. He experienced cardiogenic shock due to right ventricular dysfunction secondary to pulmonary hypertension associated with vasoplegia. After the introduction of sildenafil, the patient recovered hemodynamically, his pulmonary vascular resistance decreased, the vasoactive drugs were withdrawn, and his right ventricular function improved.

Sildenafil melhora a função ventricular direita no receptor de transplante cardíaco / Sildenafil improves right ventricular function in a cardiac transplant recipient

Relatamos caso de um paciente submetido a transplante cardíaco ortotópico, onde se utilizou um doador marginal pela piora clínica do receptor, que apresentava choque cardiogênico por disfunção de ventrículo direito secundária a hipertensão pulmonar associado à vasoplegia. Obtivemos recuperação hemodinâmica do paciente, com redução da resistência vascular pulmonar, retirada de drogas vasoativas e recuperação da função do ventrículo direito após a introdução de sildenafil.